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1.配置镜像（7.9的镜像过期了）

2.备份原有的 CentOS 基础源配置文件

sudo cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak

3.更换为国内镜像源

sudo vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

将文件内容替换为以下内容：

# CentOS-Base.repo # # The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the # update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and # geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates # unless you are manually picking other mirrors. # # If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the # remarked out baseurl= line instead. # # [base] name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com failovermethod=priority baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/ http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/ http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 #released updates [updates] name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com failovermethod=priority baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/ http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/ http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 #additional packages that may be useful [extras] name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com failovermethod=priority baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages [centosplus] name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com failovermethod=priority baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/ http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/ http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

 按 Esc 键，输入 :wq 保存并退出。

4.下载并安装 MySQL 的 YUM 仓库包

sudo wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm

sudo: wget：找不到命令

sudo yum install wget

5.安装 MySQL 5.7

yum install -y mysql-community-server

安装过程中止报错：Failing package is: mysql-community-server-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
 GPG Keys are configured as: file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql，如下图：

需要安装gpg-key:

rpm --import https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022 

安装gpg-key后再次安装mysql5.7，直到安装完成

6.启动 MySQL 服务并设置开机自启

systemctl start mysqld
systemctl enable mysqld

7.获取临时密码并登录

查找 MySQL 的临时密码

sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

使用临时密码登录 MySQL

mysql -u root -p

8.修改密码并进行安全配置

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '新密码';

密码规则：大写+小写+数字+特殊符号

9.配置远程访问

USE mysql;
UPDATE user SET host='%' WHERE user='root';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

10.防火墙配置

如果启用了防火墙，需要放行 MySQL 端口（默认为 3306）

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload

11.修改 MySQL 端口（可选）

编辑 MySQL 配置文件 /etc/my.cnf，修改 port 参数：

vi /etc/my.cnf

• 将 port=3306 修改为其他端口，例如 port=3307。

• 重启 MySQL 服务以应用更改：

sudo systemctl restart mysqld

 12.使用Navicat连接