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Android Compose 无网络状态界面处理全方案

引言

在移动应用开发中，网络连接不稳定是常见场景。优雅地处理无网络状态能显著提升用户体验。Jetpack Compose 提供了强大的工具来实现各种网络状态下的界面展示。本文将全面介绍在 Compose 中处理无网络状态的多种方案。

一、基础网络状态检测

1. 网络状态检测工具类

class NetworkMonitor(private val context: Context) {val isOnline: Booleanget() {val connectivityManager = context.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE) as ConnectivityManagerval networkCapabilities = connectivityManager.getNetworkCapabilities(connectivityManager.activeNetwork)return networkCapabilities?.let {it.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI) ||it.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) ||it.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET)} ?: false}
}

2. 网络状态 ViewModel

class NetworkViewModel(private val networkMonitor: NetworkMonitor) : ViewModel() {private val _isOnline = mutableStateOf(networkMonitor.isOnline)val isOnline: State<Boolean> = _isOnlinefun checkNetworkStatus() {_isOnline.value = networkMonitor.isOnline}
}

二、简单界面处理方案

1. 全屏覆盖式

@Composable
fun SimpleScreen() {val isOnline by networkViewModel.isOnline.collectAsState()Box(modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize()) {// 主内容MainContent()// 无网络覆盖层if (!isOnline) {Surface(color = MaterialTheme.colors.background.copy(alpha = 0.9f),modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize()) {OfflineContent()}}}
}@Composable
fun OfflineContent() {Column(modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize().padding(16.dp),verticalArrangement = Arrangement.Center,horizontalAlignment = Alignment.CenterHorizontally) {Icon(Icons.Filled.WifiOff, contentDescription = null, modifier = Modifier.size(64.dp))Spacer(Modifier.height(16.dp))Text("无网络连接", style = MaterialTheme.typography.h5)Text("请检查您的网络设置", style = MaterialTheme.typography.body1)Spacer(Modifier.height(24.dp))Button(onClick = { /* 重试 */ }) {Text("重试连接")}}
}

三、复杂界面处理方案

1. 局部替换法

@Composable
fun ComplexScreen() {val isOnline by networkViewModel.isOnline.collectAsState()Scaffold(topBar = { AppBar() },bottomBar = { BottomBar() }) { padding ->Column(modifier = Modifier.padding(padding)) {// 不依赖网络的部分LocalFeatures()// 依赖网络的部分if (isOnline) {OnlineContent()} else {NetworkErrorCard(title = "网络内容",message = "此部分需要网络连接",onRetry = { /* 重试 */ })}// 更多内容...}}
}

2. 分区块处理

@Composable
fun DashboardScreen() {val networkState by rememberNetworkState()LazyColumn {item { HeaderSection() }item { if (networkState.isOnline) {LiveDataSection()} else {OfflinePlaceholder(icon = Icons.Filled.Update,title = "实时数据")}}item { if (networkState.isOnline) {RecommendationsSection()} else {OfflinePlaceholder(icon = Icons.Filled.Star,title = "个性化推荐")}}}
}

3. 渐进式显示

@Composable
fun NewsFeedScreen(viewModel: NewsViewModel = viewModel()) {val uiState by viewModel.uiState.collectAsState()when {uiState.isLoading -> FullScreenLoading()!uiState.isOnline && uiState.cachedItems.isEmpty() -> FullScreenError()!uiState.isOnline -> {Column {CachedNewsList(uiState.cachedItems)OfflineBanner()}}else -> NewsList(uiState.items)}
}

四、高级网络状态管理

1. 增强版网络状态管理器

class AdvancedNetworkMonitor(context: Context) {sealed class NetworkState {object Available : NetworkState()object Unavailable : NetworkState()data class Limited(val type: ConnectionType) : NetworkState()}enum class ConnectionType { WIFI, CELLULAR, ETHERNET, VPN, OTHER }private val _state = mutableStateOf<NetworkState>(NetworkState.Available)val state: State<NetworkState> = _stateinit {val cm = context.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager::class.java)val request = NetworkRequest.Builder().addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET).build()cm.registerNetworkCallback(request, object : ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {override fun onAvailable(network: Network) {_state.value = NetworkState.Available}override fun onLost(network: Network) {_state.value = NetworkState.Unavailable}override fun onCapabilitiesChanged(network: Network,capabilities: NetworkCapabilities) {_state.value = when {capabilities.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI) -> NetworkState.Limited(ConnectionType.WIFI)capabilities.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) -> NetworkState.Limited(ConnectionType.CELLULAR)capabilities.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN) -> NetworkState.Limited(ConnectionType.VPN)else -> NetworkState.Available}}})}
}

2. 状态监听Composable

@Composable
fun rememberNetworkState(): State<NetworkState> {val context = LocalContext.currentval networkMonitor = remember { AdvancedNetworkMonitor(context) }return networkMonitor.state
}

五、UI组件库

1. 离线占位符组件

@Composable
fun OfflinePlaceholder(title: String,message: String = "需要网络连接",icon: ImageVector = Icons.Filled.CloudOff,onRetry: (() -> Unit)? = null
) {Card(elevation = 4.dp,modifier = Modifier.fillMaxWidth().padding(8.dp)) {Column(modifier = Modifier.padding(16.dp),horizontalAlignment = Alignment.CenterHorizontally) {Icon(imageVector = icon,contentDescription = null,tint = MaterialTheme.colors.error,modifier = Modifier.size(48.dp))Spacer(Modifier.height(8.dp))Text(title, style = MaterialTheme.typography.h6)Text(message, style = MaterialTheme.typography.body2)onRetry?.let {Spacer(Modifier.height(16.dp))Button(onClick = it) {Text("重试")}}}}
}

2. 顶部横幅通知

@Composable
fun NetworkStatusBanner() {val networkState by rememberNetworkState()val showBanner = networkState is NetworkState.UnavailableAnimatedVisibility(visible = showBanner,enter = slideInVertically { -it },exit = slideOutVertically { -it }) {Surface(color = MaterialTheme.colors.error,modifier = Modifier.fillMaxWidth()) {Row(modifier = Modifier.padding(8.dp),verticalAlignment = Alignment.CenterVertically) {Icon(Icons.Filled.WifiOff, "离线", tint = MaterialTheme.colors.onError)Spacer(Modifier.width(8.dp))Text("离线模式 - 部分功能不可用", color = MaterialTheme.colors.onError)}}}
}

六、最佳实践建议

1. 分层处理：根据界面复杂度选择全屏覆盖或局部替换
2. 缓存策略：尽可能显示缓存内容并明确标注
3. 明确反馈：让用户清楚知道当前是离线状态
4. 恢复途径：提供明显的重试或刷新选项
5. 状态细分：区分完全离线、弱网等不同状态
6. 视觉一致：保持离线UI与应用设计风格一致
7. 性能考虑：避免不必要的网络状态监听和重组

结语

在Compose中处理无网络状态需要综合考虑用户体验、界面复杂度和技术实现。本文介绍的各种方案可以根据实际需求灵活组合使用。