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Vulkan DescriptorSet

Vulkan 中，描述符是一种在着色器中访问资源(比如缓冲区，图像，采样器等)的机制或者协议

每个描述符对应一个资源，代表 GPU 内存中的资源，比如 Uniform Buffer， storage Buffer, Texture，Sampler等

Vulkan 描述符集(VkDescriptorSet)表示着色器可以与之交互的资源的集合，着色器是通过描述符读取和解析资源中的数据，着色器中的绑定点和相应的描述符集中的绑定点必须一一对应

Vulkan 描述符集是不能被直接创建的，首先需要从一个特定的缓冲池中被分配得到。这个池子叫做描述符池(VkDescriptorPool)，类似于内存池的概念

VkDescriptorPool 负责分配新的 Descriptor 对象，换句话说，它相当于一组描述符的集合，新的描述符就是从这些描述符中分配得到的

VkDescriptorPool 对于内存分配效率较低的场合是非常有用的，它可以直接分配出多组描述符而不需要调用全局同步操作

在创建 DescriptorSet 之前，需要定义 DescriptorSet的布局(VkDescriporSetLayout)，布局指定了描述符的类型，数量，绑定点等信息

描述符布局和管线布局

VkDescriporSetLayout 和 VkPipelineLayout 的关系是什么:

管线布局是对着色器资源绑定的全局描述，代表了图形管线可以访问的所有资源的集合

创建 Vulkan 渲染管线的时候需要设置管线布局，它描述了渲染过程中着色器如何访问资源，包括描述符集和推送常量等

管线布局可以包括一个或者多个描述符布局和推送常量描述(推送常量是可以更新着色器中的常量数据)，下面是创建管线布局的结构体:

typedef struct VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo {VkStructureType                 sType;const void*                     pNext;VkPipelineLayoutCreateFlags     flags;uint32_t                        setLayoutCount;const VkDescriptorSetLayout*    pSetLayouts;uint32_t                        pushConstantRangeCount;const VkPushConstantRange*      pPushConstantRanges;
} VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo;

无论是管线布局还是描述符布局，本质都是对资源的一种描述，其本身并不占用资源

创建和使用描述符集

创建和使用描述符集

1. 定义描述符集布局

• 使用 VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding 结构体定义每个描述符的类型、数量和绑定点
• 调用 vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout 创建描述符集布局

2. 创建描述符池

• 使用 VkDescriptorPoolSize 指定描述符池的每种描述符类型的数量
• 调用 vkCreateDescriptorPool 创建描述符池

3. 分配描述符集

• 调用 vkAllocateDescriptorSets 从描述符池中分配描述符集

4. 更新描述符集

• 使用 VkWriteDescriptorSet 结构体更新描述符集中的描述符，绑定实际的资源(比如缓冲区、纹理等)

5. 绑定描述符集

• 在渲染过程中，调用 vkCmdBindDescriptorSets 将描述符集绑定到管线，着色器就可以访问描述符集中指定的资源

参考代码

1. 定义描述符集布局
   创建一个含有三个绑定点的 VkDescriptorSetLayout，相应的要创建三个 VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding

void createComputeDescriptorSetLayout() {std::array<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding, 3> layoutBindings{};layoutBindings[0].binding = 0; // 绑定点 0layoutBindings[0].descriptorCount = 1; layoutBindings[0].descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;layoutBindings[0].pImmutableSamplers = nullptr;layoutBindings[0].stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT;layoutBindings[1].binding = 1; // 绑定点 1layoutBindings[1].descriptorCount = 1;layoutBindings[1].descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER;layoutBindings[1].pImmutableSamplers = nullptr;layoutBindings[1].stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT;layoutBindings[2].binding = 2;// 绑定点 2layoutBindings[2].descriptorCount = 1;layoutBindings[2].descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER;layoutBindings[2].pImmutableSamplers = nullptr;layoutBindings[2].stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT;VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo layoutInfo{};layoutInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;layoutInfo.bindingCount = 3;layoutInfo.pBindings = layoutBindings.data();if (vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(device, &layoutInfo, nullptr, &computeDescriptorSetLayout) != VK_SUCCESS) {throw std::runtime_error("failed to create compute descriptor set layout!");}
}

对应的 GLSL 代码为:

layout (binding = 0) uniform ParameterUBO {float deltaTime;
} ubo;layout(std140, binding = 1) readonly buffer ParticleSSBOIn {Particle particlesIn[ ];
};layout(std140, binding = 2) buffer ParticleSSBOOut {Particle particlesOut[ ];
};

2. 创建描述符池DescriptorPool

根据 VkDescriptorSet 的类型，分别创建一个分配 UniformBuffer 和 storageBuffer 的 descriptorPool,
注意要定义最大分配的 descriptorCount

void createDescriptorPool() {std::array<VkDescriptorPoolSize, 2> poolSizes{};poolSizes[0].type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;poolSizes[0].descriptorCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);poolSizes[1].type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER;poolSizes[1].descriptorCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT) * 2;VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo poolInfo{};poolInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO;poolInfo.poolSizeCount = 2;poolInfo.pPoolSizes = poolSizes.data();poolInfo.maxSets = static_cast<uint32_t>(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);if (vkCreateDescriptorPool(device, &poolInfo, nullptr, &descriptorPool) != VK_SUCCESS) {throw std::runtime_error("failed to create descriptor pool!");}
}

3. 分配描述符集 VkDescriptorSet

    std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayout> layouts(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT, computeDescriptorSetLayout);VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo allocInfo{};allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ALLOCATE_INFO;allocInfo.descriptorPool = descriptorPool;allocInfo.descriptorSetCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);allocInfo.pSetLayouts = layouts.data();computeDescriptorSets.resize(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);if (vkAllocateDescriptorSets(device, &allocInfo, computeDescriptorSets.data()) != VK_SUCCESS) {throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate descriptor sets!");}

4. 更新描述符集
   通过 VkWriteDescriptorSet 更新 DescriptorSet

    for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT; i++) {VkDescriptorBufferInfo uniformBufferInfo{};uniformBufferInfo.buffer = uniformBuffers[i];uniformBufferInfo.offset = 0;uniformBufferInfo.range = sizeof(UniformBufferObject);std::array<VkWriteDescriptorSet, 3> descriptorWrites{};descriptorWrites[0].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET;descriptorWrites[0].dstSet = computeDescriptorSets[i];descriptorWrites[0].dstBinding = 0;descriptorWrites[0].dstArrayElement = 0;descriptorWrites[0].descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;descriptorWrites[0].descriptorCount = 1;descriptorWrites[0].pBufferInfo = &uniformBufferInfo;VkDescriptorBufferInfo storageBufferInfoLastFrame{};storageBufferInfoLastFrame.buffer = shaderStorageBuffers[(i - 1) % MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT];storageBufferInfoLastFrame.offset = 0;storageBufferInfoLastFrame.range = sizeof(Particle) * PARTICLE_COUNT;descriptorWrites[1].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET;descriptorWrites[1].dstSet = computeDescriptorSets[i];descriptorWrites[1].dstBinding = 1;descriptorWrites[1].dstArrayElement = 0;descriptorWrites[1].descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER;descriptorWrites[1].descriptorCount = 1;descriptorWrites[1].pBufferInfo = &storageBufferInfoLastFrame;VkDescriptorBufferInfo storageBufferInfoCurrentFrame{};storageBufferInfoCurrentFrame.buffer = shaderStorageBuffers[i];storageBufferInfoCurrentFrame.offset = 0;storageBufferInfoCurrentFrame.range = sizeof(Particle) * PARTICLE_COUNT;descriptorWrites[2].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET;descriptorWrites[2].dstSet = computeDescriptorSets[i];descriptorWrites[2].dstBinding = 2;descriptorWrites[2].dstArrayElement = 0;descriptorWrites[2].descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER;descriptorWrites[2].descriptorCount = 1;descriptorWrites[2].pBufferInfo = &storageBufferInfoCurrentFrame;vkUpdateDescriptorSets(device, 3, descriptorWrites.data(), 0, nullptr);}

5. 绑定描述符集

    void recordComputeCommandBuffer(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer) {VkCommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo{};beginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;if (vkBeginCommandBuffer(commandBuffer, &beginInfo) != VK_SUCCESS) {throw std::runtime_error("failed to begin recording compute command buffer!");}vkCmdBindPipeline(commandBuffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE, computePipeline);vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(commandBuffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE, computePipelineLayout, 0, 1, &computeDescriptorSets[currentFrame], 0, nullptr);vkCmdDispatch(commandBuffer, PARTICLE_COUNT / 256, 1, 1);if (vkEndCommandBuffer(commandBuffer) != VK_SUCCESS) {throw std::runtime_error("failed to record compute command buffer!");}}