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centos 9 离线安装 mysql 8

参考教程

1. 官网下载mysql

下载地址

2. 将文件传输到Centos中解压

软件全部安装到了/opt中

在opt中新建mysql目录，解压到mysql目录中
tar -xvf mysql压缩文件 mysql

[root@centoshost mysql]# ls
mysql-community-client-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-client-debuginfo-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-client-plugins-debuginfo-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-common-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-debuginfo-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-debugsource-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-debuginfo-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-debuginfo-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-server-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-server-debug-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-server-debug-debuginfo-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-server-debuginfo-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-test-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm
mysql-community-test-debuginfo-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm

3. 安装

[root@centoshost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm 
警告：mysql-community-common-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID a8d3785c: NOKEY
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]软件包 mysql-community-common-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64 已经安装
[root@centoshost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-plugins-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm 
警告：mysql-community-client-plugins-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID a8d3785c: NOKEY
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]软件包 mysql-community-client-plugins-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64 已经安装
[root@centoshost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm 
警告：mysql-community-libs-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID a8d3785c: NOKEY
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]软件包 mysql-community-libs-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64 已经安装
[root@centoshost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm 
警告：mysql-community-client-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID a8d3785c: NOKEY
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]软件包 mysql-community-client-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64 已经安装
[root@centoshost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm 
警告：mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID a8d3785c: NOKEY
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]软件包 mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64 已经安装

• 安装server部分时报错

[root@centoshost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm 
警告：mysql-community-server-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID a8d3785c: NOKEY
错误：依赖检测失败：/usr/bin/perl 被 mysql-community-server-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64 需要libtirpc.so.3()(64bit) 被 mysql-community-server-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64 需要libtirpc.so.3(TIRPC_0.3.0)(64bit) 被 mysql-community-server-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64 需要libtirpc.so.3(TIRPC_0.3.3)(64bit) 被 mysql-community-server-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64 需要net-tools 被 mysql-community-server-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64 需要

• 安装需要的3个软件：

yum install perl
yum install libtirpc
yum install net-tools

• 继续安装：

[root@centoshost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm 
警告：mysql-community-server-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID a8d3785c: NOKEY
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]软件包 mysql-community-server-8.4.5-1.el9.aarch64 已经安装

4. 初始化mysql，并修改mysql的文件权限

[root@centoshost /]# mysqld --initialize
[root@centoshost /]# cd /var/lib
[root@centoshost lib]# chmod -R 777 mysql

5. 查看mysql密码

[root@centoshost mysql]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password
2025-04-19T23:33:47.943889Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: (KfbEDtGT9Ct

6. 登录mysql

[root@centoshost lib]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 

• 如果输入密码老是报错，可以免密码登录，修改完root密码以后记得改回来
  1. 停止 MySQL 服务：sudo systemctl stop mysqld
  2. 以跳过权限验证的方式启动 MySQL：
     编辑 MySQL 的配置文件（通常是 /etc/my.cnf 或 /etc/mysql/my.cnf），在 [mysqld] 部分添加 skip-grant-tables，保存并退出编辑器。
  3. 启动MySQL服务sudo systemctl start mysqld
  4. 无需密码直接登录 MySQL：mysql -uroot
• 修改root密码：

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

7. 在mysql中创建远程访问的用户，可以修改root，也可以新增用户

CREATE USER 'remote_user'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'remote_user'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

• 至此已经安装完成可以在数据库可视化工具中使用数据库了，如果不能访问，可能是防火墙的问题
• 修改MYSQL配置:
  配置文件/etc/my.cnf

   [mysqld]character_set_server=utf8mb4collation_server=utf8mb4_general_ci

8. 设置mysql开机自启动

sudo systemctl enable mysqld