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概述

在嵌入式开发中，一般会在某个开发板上某个系统上实现某个功能，为了开发模块的移植性更好，因此需要对不同的操作系统有一层封装层。当换一个操作系统时，模块中的code不用修改，只需要根据不同的操作系统将封装层的函数实现即可，起到了模块和操作系统的解耦。同理，类似的还有模块与开发板的库函数（相当于工具模块），如输入输出，Socket，时间日期，内存管理等。如下实现了两个常用操作系统的封装层，以便跑在嵌入式中的功能运行在Window上，以方便调试优化。

具体实现

以下是一个用C语言实现的跨平台函数接口层，可以同时适用于RTOS（如FreeRTOS）和Windows环境。通过宏定义区分不同平台，提供统一的API接口。

/*** @file platform_api.h* @brief 跨平台接口层（RTOS/Windows）*/#ifndef PLATFORM_API_H
#define PLATFORM_API_H#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdbool.h>// 平台检测宏
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)#define PLATFORM_WINDOWS 1#include <windows.h>
#elif defined(FREERTOS) || defined(RT_THREAD) || defined(UCOSII) || defined(UCOSIII)#define PLATFORM_RTOS 1#include "FreeRTOS.h"#include "task.h"#include "queue.h"#include "semphr.h"
#else#error "Unsupported platform!"
#endif#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif/*---------------------------------* 线程相关接口*--------------------------------*/
typedef void (*thread_func_t)(void* arg);/*** @brief 创建线程* @param func 线程函数* @param arg 线程参数* @param stack_size 栈大小（字节）* @param priority 优先级（RTOS下具体含义取决于实现）* @return 线程句柄，NULL表示失败*/
void* platform_thread_create(thread_func_t func, void* arg, uint32_t stack_size, int priority);/*** @brief 销毁线程* @param thread 线程句柄*/
void platform_thread_destroy(void* thread);/*** @brief 当前线程休眠（毫秒）* @param ms 休眠时间(毫秒)*/
void platform_sleep(uint32_t ms);/*** @brief 获取当前线程ID* @return 线程ID*/
uint32_t platform_thread_id(void);/*---------------------------------* 互斥锁接口*--------------------------------*/
typedef void* platform_mutex_t;/*** @brief 创建互斥锁* @return 互斥锁句柄*/
platform_mutex_t platform_mutex_create(void);/*** @brief 销毁互斥锁* @param mutex 互斥锁句柄*/
void platform_mutex_destroy(platform_mutex_t mutex);/*** @brief 锁定互斥锁* @param mutex 互斥锁句柄*/
void platform_mutex_lock(platform_mutex_t mutex);/*** @brief 尝试锁定互斥锁* @param mutex 互斥锁句柄* @return true-成功锁定，false-锁定失败*/
bool platform_mutex_trylock(platform_mutex_t mutex);/*** @brief 解锁互斥锁* @param mutex 互斥锁句柄*/
void platform_mutex_unlock(platform_mutex_t mutex);/*---------------------------------* 信号量接口*--------------------------------*/
typedef void* platform_sem_t;/*** @brief 创建信号量* @param max_count 最大计数值* @param init_count 初始计数值* @return 信号量句柄*/
platform_sem_t platform_sem_create(uint32_t max_count, uint32_t init_count);/*** @brief 销毁信号量* @param sem 信号量句柄*/
void platform_sem_destroy(platform_sem_t sem);/*** @brief 等待信号量* @param sem 信号量句柄* @param timeout_ms 超时时间(毫秒)，0xFFFFFFFF表示永久等待* @return true-成功获取，false-超时或失败*/
bool platform_sem_wait(platform_sem_t sem, uint32_t timeout_ms);/*** @brief 释放信号量* @param sem 信号量句柄*/
void platform_sem_post(platform_sem_t sem);/*---------------------------------* 消息队列接口*--------------------------------*/
typedef void* platform_queue_t;/*** @brief 创建消息队列* @param item_size 每个消息项的大小(字节)* @param queue_size 队列容量(消息项数量)* @return 消息队列句柄*/
platform_queue_t platform_queue_create(uint32_t item_size, uint32_t queue_size);/*** @brief 销毁消息队列* @param queue 消息队列句柄*/
void platform_queue_destroy(platform_queue_t queue);/*** @brief 发送消息到队列* @param queue 消息队列句柄* @param item 消息数据指针* @param timeout_ms 超时时间(毫秒)* @return true-成功，false-失败*/
bool platform_queue_send(platform_queue_t queue, const void* item, uint32_t timeout_ms);/*** @brief 从队列接收消息* @param queue 消息队列句柄* @param item 接收缓冲区指针* @param timeout_ms 超时时间(毫秒)* @return true-成功，false-失败*/
bool platform_queue_receive(platform_queue_t queue, void* item, uint32_t timeout_ms);/*---------------------------------* 时间相关接口*--------------------------------*/
/*** @brief 获取系统启动后的毫秒数* @return 毫秒数*/
uint32_t platform_get_tick_count(void);/*** @brief 获取当前时间(秒和微秒)* @param sec 存储秒数的指针* @param usec 存储微秒数的指针*/
void platform_get_time(uint32_t* sec, uint32_t* usec);#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif#endif /* PLATFORM_API_H */

下面是实现文件 platform_api.c:

/*** @file platform_api.c* @brief 跨平台接口层实现*/#include "platform_api.h"
#include <string.h>/*---------------------------------* 线程相关实现*--------------------------------*/
#if PLATFORM_WINDOWS// Windows实现
struct win_thread_wrapper {HANDLE handle;thread_func_t func;void* arg;
};static DWORD WINAPI win_thread_entry(LPVOID lpParam)
{struct win_thread_wrapper* wrapper = (struct win_thread_wrapper*)lpParam;wrapper->func(wrapper->arg);free(wrapper);return 0;
}void* platform_thread_create(thread_func_t func, void* arg, uint32_t stack_size, int priority)
{struct win_thread_wrapper* wrapper = malloc(sizeof(*wrapper));if (!wrapper) return NULL;wrapper->func = func;wrapper->arg = arg;wrapper->handle = CreateThread(NULL, stack_size, win_thread_entry, wrapper, 0, NULL);if (!wrapper->handle) {free(wrapper);return NULL;}// Windows线程优先级映射int win_priority;if (priority < -2) win_priority = THREAD_PRIORITY_LOWEST;else if (priority < 0) win_priority = THREAD_PRIORITY_BELOW_NORMAL;else if (priority == 0) win_priority = THREAD_PRIORITY_NORMAL;else if (priority <= 2) win_priority = THREAD_PRIORITY_ABOVE_NORMAL;else win_priority = THREAD_PRIORITY_HIGHEST;SetThreadPriority(wrapper->handle, win_priority);return wrapper;
}void platform_thread_destroy(void* thread)
{struct win_thread_wrapper* wrapper = (struct win_thread_wrapper*)thread;if (wrapper) {WaitForSingleObject(wrapper->handle, INFINITE);CloseHandle(wrapper->handle);free(wrapper);}
}void platform_sleep(uint32_t ms)
{Sleep(ms);
}uint32_t platform_thread_id(void)
{return (uint32_t)GetCurrentThreadId();
}#elif PLATFORM_RTOS// RTOS实现
void* platform_thread_create(thread_func_t func, void* arg, uint32_t stack_size, int priority)
{TaskHandle_t task = NULL;// FreeRTOS优先级是数字越大优先级越高，通常配置为0-(configMAX_PRIORITIES-1)if (priority < 0) priority = 0;if (priority > configMAX_PRIORITIES - 1) priority = configMAX_PRIORITIES - 1;xTaskCreate((TaskFunction_t)func, "platform_thread", stack_size/sizeof(StackType_t), arg, (UBaseType_t)priority, &task);return task;
}void platform_thread_destroy(void* thread)
{if (thread) {vTaskDelete(thread);}
}void platform_sleep(uint32_t ms)
{vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(ms));
}uint32_t platform_thread_id(void)
{return (uint32_t)xTaskGetCurrentTaskHandle();
}#endif/*---------------------------------* 互斥锁实现*--------------------------------*/
#if PLATFORM_WINDOWSplatform_mutex_t platform_mutex_create(void)
{CRITICAL_SECTION* cs = malloc(sizeof(CRITICAL_SECTION));if (cs) {InitializeCriticalSection(cs);}return cs;
}void platform_mutex_destroy(platform_mutex_t mutex)
{if (mutex) {DeleteCriticalSection((CRITICAL_SECTION*)mutex);free(mutex);}
}void platform_mutex_lock(platform_mutex_t mutex)
{EnterCriticalSection((CRITICAL_SECTION*)mutex);
}bool platform_mutex_trylock(platform_mutex_t mutex)
{return TryEnterCriticalSection((CRITICAL_SECTION*)mutex) != 0;
}void platform_mutex_unlock(platform_mutex_t mutex)
{LeaveCriticalSection((CRITICAL_SECTION*)mutex);
}#elif PLATFORM_RTOSplatform_mutex_t platform_mutex_create(void)
{return (platform_mutex_t)xSemaphoreCreateMutex();
}void platform_mutex_destroy(platform_mutex_t mutex)
{vSemaphoreDelete((SemaphoreHandle_t)mutex);
}void platform_mutex_lock(platform_mutex_t mutex)
{xSemaphoreTake((SemaphoreHandle_t)mutex, portMAX_DELAY);
}bool platform_mutex_trylock(platform_mutex_t mutex)
{return xSemaphoreTake((SemaphoreHandle_t)mutex, 0) == pdTRUE;
}void platform_mutex_unlock(platform_mutex_t mutex)
{xSemaphoreGive((SemaphoreHandle_t)mutex);
}#endif/*---------------------------------* 信号量实现*--------------------------------*/
#if PLATFORM_WINDOWSplatform_sem_t platform_sem_create(uint32_t max_count, uint32_t init_count)
{HANDLE sem = CreateSemaphore(NULL, init_count, max_count, NULL);return (platform_sem_t)sem;
}void platform_sem_destroy(platform_sem_t sem)
{CloseHandle((HANDLE)sem);
}bool platform_sem_wait(platform_sem_t sem, uint32_t timeout_ms)
{DWORD timeout = (timeout_ms == 0xFFFFFFFF) ? INFINITE : timeout_ms;return WaitForSingleObject((HANDLE)sem, timeout) == WAIT_OBJECT_0;
}void platform_sem_post(platform_sem_t sem)
{ReleaseSemaphore((HANDLE)sem, 1, NULL);
}#elif PLATFORM_RTOSplatform_sem_t platform_sem_create(uint32_t max_count, uint32_t init_count)
{return (platform_sem_t)xSemaphoreCreateCounting(max_count, init_count);
}void platform_sem_destroy(platform_sem_t sem)
{vSemaphoreDelete((SemaphoreHandle_t)sem);
}bool platform_sem_wait(platform_sem_t sem, uint32_t timeout_ms)
{TickType_t timeout = (timeout_ms == 0xFFFFFFFF) ? portMAX_DELAY : pdMS_TO_TICKS(timeout_ms);return xSemaphoreTake((SemaphoreHandle_t)sem, timeout) == pdTRUE;
}void platform_sem_post(platform_sem_t sem)
{xSemaphoreGive((SemaphoreHandle_t)sem);
}#endif/*---------------------------------* 消息队列实现*--------------------------------*/
#if PLATFORM_WINDOWSstruct win_queue {uint32_t item_size;uint32_t queue_size;uint8_t* buffer;uint32_t head;uint32_t tail;uint32_t count;HANDLE sem_empty;HANDLE sem_full;CRITICAL_SECTION lock;
};platform_queue_t platform_queue_create(uint32_t item_size, uint32_t queue_size)
{struct win_queue* queue = malloc(sizeof(struct win_queue));if (!queue) return NULL;queue->item_size = item_size;queue->queue_size = queue_size;queue->buffer = malloc(item_size * queue_size);if (!queue->buffer) {free(queue);return NULL;}queue->head = 0;queue->tail = 0;queue->count = 0;queue->sem_empty = CreateSemaphore(NULL, queue_size, queue_size, NULL);queue->sem_full = CreateSemaphore(NULL, 0, queue_size, NULL);InitializeCriticalSection(&queue->lock);return (platform_queue_t)queue;
}void platform_queue_destroy(platform_queue_t queue)
{struct win_queue* q = (struct win_queue*)queue;if (q) {DeleteCriticalSection(&q->lock);CloseHandle(q->sem_empty);CloseHandle(q->sem_full);free(q->buffer);free(q);}
}bool platform_queue_send(platform_queue_t queue, const void* item, uint32_t timeout_ms)
{struct win_queue* q = (struct win_queue*)queue;DWORD timeout = (timeout_ms == 0xFFFFFFFF) ? INFINITE : timeout_ms;if (WaitForSingleObject(q->sem_empty, timeout) != WAIT_OBJECT_0) {return false;}EnterCriticalSection(&q->lock);memcpy(q->buffer + q->tail * q->item_size, item, q->item_size);q->tail = (q->tail + 1) % q->queue_size;q->count++;LeaveCriticalSection(&q->lock);ReleaseSemaphore(q->sem_full, 1, NULL);return true;
}bool platform_queue_receive(platform_queue_t queue, void* item, uint32_t timeout_ms)
{struct win_queue* q = (struct win_queue*)queue;DWORD timeout = (timeout_ms == 0xFFFFFFFF) ? INFINITE : timeout_ms;if (WaitForSingleObject(q->sem_full, timeout) != WAIT_OBJECT_0) {return false;}EnterCriticalSection(&q->lock);memcpy(item, q->buffer + q->head * q->item_size, q->item_size);q->head = (q->head + 1) % q->queue_size;q->count--;LeaveCriticalSection(&q->lock);ReleaseSemaphore(q->sem_empty, 1, NULL);return true;
}#elif PLATFORM_RTOSplatform_queue_t platform_queue_create(uint32_t item_size, uint32_t queue_size)
{return (platform_queue_t)xQueueCreate(queue_size, item_size);
}void platform_queue_destroy(platform_queue_t queue)
{vQueueDelete((QueueHandle_t)queue);
}bool platform_queue_send(platform_queue_t queue, const void* item, uint32_t timeout_ms)
{TickType_t timeout = (timeout_ms == 0xFFFFFFFF) ? portMAX_DELAY : pdMS_TO_TICKS(timeout_ms);return xQueueSend((QueueHandle_t)queue, item, timeout) == pdTRUE;
}bool platform_queue_receive(platform_queue_t queue, void* item, uint32_t timeout_ms)
{TickType_t timeout = (timeout_ms == 0xFFFFFFFF) ? portMAX_DELAY : pdMS_TO_TICKS(timeout_ms);return xQueueReceive((QueueHandle_t)queue, item, timeout) == pdTRUE;
}#endif/*---------------------------------* 时间相关实现*--------------------------------*/
#if PLATFORM_WINDOWSuint32_t platform_get_tick_count(void)
{return GetTickCount();
}void platform_get_time(uint32_t* sec, uint32_t* usec)
{FILETIME ft;ULARGE_INTEGER li;GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&ft);li.LowPart = ft.dwLowDateTime;li.HighPart = ft.dwHighDateTime;// 从1601年1月1日到1970年1月1日的100纳秒间隔数li.QuadPart -= 116444736000000000ULL;if (sec) *sec = (uint32_t)(li.QuadPart / 10000000ULL);if (usec) *usec = (uint32_t)((li.QuadPart % 10000000ULL) / 10ULL);
}#elif PLATFORM_RTOSuint32_t platform_get_tick_count(void)
{return xTaskGetTickCount() * portTICK_PERIOD_MS;
}void platform_get_time(uint32_t* sec, uint32_t* usec)
{// RTOS通常没有标准的时间获取函数，这里简单实现uint32_t ticks = xTaskGetTickCount();uint32_t ms = ticks * portTICK_PERIOD_MS;if (sec) *sec = ms / 1000;if (usec) *usec = (ms % 1000) * 1000;
}#endif

使用说明

1.平台选择：
在Windows环境下编译时，会自动使用Windows API实现，在RTOS环境下编译时，会自动使用RTOS API实现，可以通过定义FREERTOS或其他RTOS宏来启用RTOS模式

2.基本功能：

• 线程创建和管理
• 互斥锁
• 信号量
• 消息队列
• 时间相关功能
  3.使用示例：

#include "platform_api.h"
#include <stdio.h>void thread_function(void* arg)
{int id = *(int*)arg;for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {printf("Thread %d: count %d\n", id, i);platform_sleep(1000);}
}int main()
{// 创建线程int id1 = 1, id2 = 2;void* thread1 = platform_thread_create(thread_function, &id1, 4096, 1);void* thread2 = platform_thread_create(thread_function, &id2, 4096, 1);// 等待线程结束platform_thread_destroy(thread1);platform_thread_destroy(thread2);return 0;
}