软件开发工程师中级职称前端性能优化有哪些方法
📌 自动化测试框架设计
该框架基于 pytest，支持 Web + API 自动化测试，采用 关键字驱动，支持 远程执行、多机调度、失败重试、数据驱动（CSV），并结合 allure 生成可视化测试报告。
📂 目录结构
automation_framework/
│── config/ # 配置文件存放目录
│ ├── settings.ini # 全局配置（浏览器、API、环境等）
│ ├── remote_hosts.ini # 远程执行机列表
│
│── tests/ # 测试用例目录
│ ├── web/ # Web 相关测试
│ │ ├── test_login.py # Web登录测试
│ ├── api/ # API 相关测试
│ │ ├── test_api.py # API测试示例
│ ├── conftest.py # pytest 配置
│
│── core/ # 关键字封装
│ ├── web_keywords.py # Web自动化关键字库
│ ├── api_keywords.py # API自动化关键字库
│
│── utils/ # 工具类
│ ├── logger.py # 日志封装
│ ├── remote_executor.py # 远程执行
│ ├── screenshot.py # 截图工具
│ ├── csv_parser.py # CSV数据驱动解析
│
│── reports/ # 测试报告存放目录
│
│── logs/ # 日志存放目录
│
│── requirements.txt # 依赖包
│── run_tests.py # 运行测试主入口
│── pytest.ini # pytest 配置
│── README.md # 说明文档
📌 1. 依赖管理
requirements.txt
pytest
pytest-rerunfailures
pytest-xdist
selenium
requests
allure-pytest
paramiko
pandas
📌 2. 配置文件
config/settings.ini
[WEB]
browser = chrome
base_url = http://example.com
headless = false
implicit_wait = 5[API]
base_url = http://example.com/api
timeout = 10
config/remote_hosts.ini
[executor_1]
host = 192.168.1.101
username = user
password = pass[executor_2]
host = 192.168.1.102
username = user
password = pass
📌 3. Web 关键字封装
core/web_keywords.py
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import configparser
import allureclass WebKeywords:def __init__(self):"""初始化浏览器驱动"""config = configparser.ConfigParser()config.read("config/settings.ini")options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()if config.getboolean("WEB", "headless"):options.add_argument("--headless")self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)self.driver.implicitly_wait(config.getint("WEB", "implicit_wait"))def open_url(self, url):"""打开指定URL"""self.driver.get(url)def find_element(self, locator):"""查找元素"""return self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, locator)def click(self, locator):"""点击元素"""self.find_element(locator).click()def send_keys(self, locator, text):"""输入文本"""self.find_element(locator).send_keys(text)def take_screenshot(self, name):"""截图并附加到Allure报告"""path = f"reports/screenshots/{name}.png"self.driver.save_screenshot(path)allure.attach.file(path, name="screenshot", attachment_type=allure.attachment_type.PNG)def close(self):"""关闭浏览器"""self.driver.quit()
📌 4. API 关键字封装
core/api_keywords.py
import requests
import configparserclass APIKeywords:def __init__(self):"""初始化API测试类"""config = configparser.ConfigParser()config.read("config/settings.ini")self.base_url = config["API"]["base_url"]self.timeout = config.getint("API", "timeout")def get(self, endpoint, params=None, headers=None):"""发送GET请求"""return requests.get(f"{self.base_url}{endpoint}", params=params, headers=headers, timeout=self.timeout)def post(self, endpoint, data=None, json=None, headers=None):"""发送POST请求"""return requests.post(f"{self.base_url}{endpoint}", data=data, json=json, headers=headers, timeout=self.timeout)
📌 5. conftest.py 配置
import pytest
import allure
from core.web_keywords import WebKeywords
from core.api_keywords import APIKeywords@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def web():"""Web自动化前后置"""web = WebKeywords()yield webweb.close()@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def api():"""API自动化前后置"""return APIKeywords()@pytest.hookimpl(tryfirst=True, hookwrapper=True)
def pytest_runtest_makereport(item):"""失败截图"""outcome = yieldreport = outcome.get_result()if report.when == "call" and report.failed:web_fixture = item.funcargs.get("web", None)if web_fixture:web_fixture.take_screenshot(item.name)
📌 6. CSV 数据驱动
utils/csv_parser.py
import pandas as pddef parse_csv(file_path):"""解析CSV文件"""return pd.read_csv(file_path).to_dict(orient="records")
CSV 用例格式
test_name,username,password,expected
valid_login,user1,pass123,success
invalid_login,user1,wrongpass,failure
📌 7. Web 测试用例
tests/web/test_login.py
import allure
import pytest
from utils.csv_parser import parse_csvdata = parse_csv("data/login_cases.csv")@allure.feature("Login Page")
@pytest.mark.parametrize("test_name,username,password,expected", data)
def test_login(web, test_name, username, password, expected):web.open_url("http://example.com/login")web.send_keys("//input[@id='username']", username)web.send_keys("//input[@id='password']", password)web.click("//button[@id='login']")assert expected in web.driver.page_source
📌 8. API 测试用例
tests/api/test_api.py
import allure@allure.feature("API Test")
def test_get_api(api):response = api.get("/users")assert response.status_code == 200@allure.feature("API Test")
def test_post_api(api):response = api.post("/login", json={"username": "test", "password": "test123"})assert response.status_code == 200
📌 9. 远程执行
utils/remote_executor.py
import paramiko
import configparserclass RemoteExecutor:def __init__(self):self.config = configparser.ConfigParser()self.config.read("config/remote_hosts.ini")def run_remote_tests(self):for section in self.config.sections():ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())ssh.connect(self.config[section]["host"], username=self.config[section]["username"], password=self.config[section]["password"])stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command("pytest --alluredir=reports/allure-results")print(stdout.read().decode())ssh.close()
📌 10. 运行测试
# 本地执行
pytest --alluredir=reports/allure-results --reruns 2# 远程执行
python utils/remote_executor.py# 生成 Allure 报告
allure generate reports/allure-results -o reports/html-reports --clean
allure open reports/html-reports
这样，你就有了 Web + API 关键字驱动自动化框架，支持 失败重试、数据驱动、远程执行！ 🚀