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1、dnsmasq软件介绍
dnsmasq 是一款轻量级的网络服务软件，主要用于提供 DNS（域名系统）和 DHCP（动态主机配置协议）服务
作用
提高网络效率：
- 通过 DNS 缓存，减少网络延迟。
- 减少对外部 DNS 请求的数量。
自动 IP 配置：
- 自动为新连接的设备分配 IP 地址，无需手动设置，降低配置复杂性。
增强网络安全：
- 通过内置的过滤功能，可以限制不必要的 DNS 请求，提高网络安全性。
简化网络管理：
- 集成 DNS 和 DHCP 服务，使网络管理更加方便。
2、安装
yum -y install dnsmasq
[master-61 root ~] # yum install -y dnsmasq
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository epel-debuginfo is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository epel-source is listed more than once in the configuration
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile* base: mirrors.aliyun.com* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
epel | 4.3 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package dnsmasq.x86_64 0:2.76-17.el7_9.3 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libnettle.so.4()(64bit) for package: dnsmasq-2.76-17.el7_9.3.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package nettle.x86_64 0:2.7.1-9.el7_9 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved=======================================================================================================Package Arch Version Repository Size
=======================================================================================================
Installing:dnsmasq x86_64 2.76-17.el7_9.3 updates 281 kstalling for dependencies:nettle x86_64 2.7.1-9.el7_9 updates 328 kTransaction Summary
=======================================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+1 Dependent package)Total download size: 608 k
Installed size: 1.3 M
Downloading packages:
(1/2): nettle-2.7.1-9.el7_9.x86_64.rpm | 328 kB 00:00:00
(2/2): dnsmasq-2.76-17.el7_9.3.x86_64.rpm | 281 kB 00:00:00
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 1.6 MB/s | 608 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transactionInstalling : nettle-2.7.1-9.el7_9.x86_64 1/2 Installing : dnsmasq-2.76-17.el7_9.3.x86_64 2/2 Verifying : dnsmasq-2.76-17.el7_9.3.x86_64 1/2 Verifying : nettle-2.7.1-9.el7_9.x86_64 2/2 Installed:dnsmasq.x86_64 0:2.76-17.el7_9.3 Dependency Installed:nettle.x86_64 0:2.7.1-9.el7_9 Complete!
3、创建dnsmasq配置文件，设置上游dns服务器地址，设置本地域名解析记录
[master-61 root ~] # vim /etc/dnsmasq.conf 取消注释，指定上游dns服务器地址
resolv-file=/etc/resolv.dnsmasq.conf指定运行地址是内网环境
listen-address=172.16.1.61本地域名解析记录
addn-hosts=/etc/hosts.dnsmasq.conf查找出配置文件中没有注释的内容
[master-61 root ~] # grep -Ev '^($|#)' /etc/dnsmasq.conf
resolv-file=/etc/resolv.dnsmasq.conf
listen-address=172.16.1.61
addn-hosts=/etc/hosts.dnsmasq.conf
conf-dir=/etc/dnsmasq.d,.rpmnew,.rpmsave,.rpmorig
4、创建对应的数据文件
[master-61 root ~] # echo 'nameserver 233.5.5.5' > /etc/resolv.dnsmasq.conf[master-61 root ~] # cat >/etc/hosts.dnsmasq.conf <<EOF
> 172.16.1.61 master-61
> 172.16.1.5 slb-5
> 172.16.1.6 slb-6
> 172.16.1.7 web-7
> 172.16.1.8 web-8
> 172.16.1.9 web-9
> 172.16.1.31 nfs-31
> 172.16.1.41 rsync-41
> 172.16.1.51 db-51
> EOF
5、 启动dnsmasq服务，生效加上的自定义记录
[master-61 root ~] # systemctl start dnsmasq6、测试dnsmasq是否可以使用
先注释掉本地hosts解析记录
[master-61 root ~] # vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6#内网ip 外网ip 主机名 机器的作用
#172.16.1.61 10.0.0.61 master-61 管理机
#172.16.1.5 10.0.0.5 slb-5 负载均衡服务器
#172.16.1.6 10.0.0.6 slb-6 负载均衡服务器
#172.16.1.7 10.0.0.7 web-7 web服务器
#172.16.1.8 10.0.0.8 web-8 web服务器
#172.16.1.9 10.0.0.9 web-9 web服务器
#172.16.1.31 10.0.0.31 nfs-31 存储服务器
#172.16.1.41 10.0.0.41 rsync-41 备份服务器
#172.16.1.51 10.0.0.51 db-51 数据库服务器发现ping不通了
[master-61 root ~] # ping web-7
ping: web-7: Name or service not known需要指定本地的你dns配置文件的记录，使用dnsmasq的服务端地址
[master-61 root ~] # vim /etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by NetworkManager
nameserver 172.16.1.61