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Kettle(Pentaho Data Integration,PDI)可以通过多种方式与应用程序集成,以下是7种主流方法及具体实现示例:
一、命令行调用(最基础)
# 执行转换(Transformation)
./pan.sh -file=/etl/order_import.ktr -param:INPUT_FILE=/data/orders.csv# 执行作业(Job)
./kitchen.sh -file=/etl/daily_sync.kjb -param:DATE=$(date +%Y-%m-%d)
适用场景:定时脚本调用、CI/CD流水线
二、Java API集成(推荐方式)
1. 添加Maven依赖
<dependency><groupId>org.pentaho</groupId><artifactId>pentaho-kettle-core</artifactId><version>9.4.0.0-365</version>
</dependency>
2. 核心代码示例
public class KettleExecutor {public void runTransform(String ktrPath) throws KettleException {KettleEnvironment.init();TransMeta transMeta = new TransMeta(ktrPath);Trans trans = new Trans(transMeta);// 设置变量trans.setVariable("CUSTOMER_ID", "10086");trans.execute(null);trans.waitUntilFinished();if (trans.getErrors() > 0) {throw new RuntimeException("ETL执行失败");}}
}
优势:完全控制执行过程,可获取实时状态
三、REST API调用(通过Carte服务)
1. 启动Carte服务
./carte.sh 0.0.0.0 8080
2. 调用示例(Python)
import requestsresponse = requests.post("http://etl-server:8080/kettle/executeTrans/",params={"trans": "/jobs/data_clean.ktr", "name": "nightly_clean"},auth=("admin", "password")
)
print(response.json())
适用场景:微服务架构、跨系统集成
四、数据库驱动集成
在MySQL中存储作业并触发
-- 创建作业触发表
CREATE TABLE etl_triggers (job_name VARCHAR(100),params JSON,status VARCHAR(20) DEFAULT 'PENDING'
);-- 使用事件调度器触发
CREATE EVENT run_etl_job
ON SCHEDULE EVERY 1 DAY
DO
BEGININSERT INTO etl_triggers VALUES ('daily_report', '{"date": CURDATE()}');
END;
Java监听代码
// 轮询数据库触发任务
@Scheduled(fixedRate = 60000)
public void checkEtlTriggers() {List<TriggerRecord> triggers = jdbcTemplate.query("SELECT * FROM etl_triggers WHERE status = 'PENDING'",(rs, rowNum) -> new TriggerRecord(rs.getString("job_name"), rs.getString("params")));triggers.forEach(trigger -> {new ProcessBuilder("kitchen.sh", "-file=/jobs/"+trigger.jobName+".kjb").inheritIO().start();});
}
五、消息队列集成(Kafka示例)
@KafkaListener(topics = "etl-events")
public void handleEtlEvent(ConsumerRecord<String, String> record) {JSONObject params = new JSONObject(record.value());TransMeta transMeta = new TransMeta("/jobs/"+params.getString("job")+".ktr");Trans trans = new Trans(transMeta);params.keySet().forEach(key -> trans.setVariable(key, params.getString(key)));trans.execute(null);
}
六、Spring Boot深度集成
1. 配置类
@Configuration
public class KettleConfig {@Beanpublic KettleEnvironmentBean kettleEnv() throws KettleException {KettleEnvironment.init();return new KettleEnvironmentBean();}
}
2. 服务层封装
@Service
@Transactional
public class OrderEtlService {@Asyncpublic CompletableFuture<Void> syncOrders(LocalDate date) {Trans trans = new Trans(new TransMeta("/jobs/order_sync.ktr"));trans.setVariable("EXPORT_DATE", date.toString());trans.execute(null);return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(null);}
}
七、云原生方案(Kubernetes)
# k8s-cronjob.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1beta1
kind: CronJob
metadata:name: daily-etl
spec:schedule: "0 3 * * *"jobTemplate:spec:containers:- name: kettle-runnerimage: pentaho/pdi-ce:9.4.0command: ["/bin/sh", "-c"]args: - "kitchen.sh -file=/jobs/daily_sync.kjb -param:DATE=$(date +%Y-%m-%d)"volumeMounts:- name: etl-jobsmountPath: /jobsvolumes:- name: etl-jobsconfigMap:name: etl-config
最佳实践建议
-
参数管理:
- 使用
.properties
文件存储环境变量 - 敏感信息通过Vault/KeyVault注入
- 使用
-
性能优化:
# 调整JVM参数 export PENTAHO_DI_JAVA_OPTIONS="-Xms2g -Xmx4g -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=512m"
-
错误处理:
- 实现
Abort
和Error Handling
步骤 - 记录错误数据到专用表
- 实现
-
监控方案:
# 日志收集 kitchen.sh -file=job.kjb -logfile=/logs/etl_${TIMESTAMP}.log
调试技巧
- 本地开发时使用
-level=Debug
参数 - 通过
Step Metrics
步骤监控性能瓶颈 - 使用
Mail
步骤发送异常通知
根据您的技术栈选择最适合的方案。如需具体场景的完整代码示例,请说明您的:
- 应用架构(单体/微服务)
- 调度需求(实时/定时)
- 数据规模级别