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1. systemC

SystemC 与 C++ 的关系
基于 C++：SystemC 是一个 C++ 库，它利用 C++ 的面向对象特性（如类、模板、继承等）来建模硬件系统。
扩展 C++：SystemC 提供了额外的类和数据类型（如 sc_module, sc_signal, sc_clock 等）来支持硬件建模和仿真。
仿真能力：SystemC 提供了事件驱动仿真内核，可以模拟硬件的行为，这是标准 C++ 不具备的。
总结：SystemC 是 C++ 的扩展，专门用于硬件建模和仿真

SystemC 与 Verilog/VHDL的关系

Verilog 和 VHDL 主要用于 寄存器传输级（RTL） 和 门级 设计。
SystemC 支持更高的抽象层次，如 事务级建模（TLM） 和 行为级建模，适合早期设计和架构探索。

语言特性：
Verilog 和 VHDL 是专门的硬件描述语言，语法和语义针对硬件设计优化。
SystemC 基于 C++，因此更适合复杂系统的建模和软件/硬件协同设计。
仿真性能：
SystemC 在事务级建模（TLM）中通常比 Verilog/VHDL 更快，但在 RTL 级别可能较慢。
总结：SystemC 和 Verilog/VHDL 是互补的，SystemC 更适合高层次设计，而 Verilog/VHDL 更适合低层次实现。

SystemC 与 SystemVerilog 的关系
SystemVerilog：是 Verilog 的扩展，增加了对高级验证功能（如约束随机测试、断言、面向对象编程）的支持。
SystemC：更适合系统级设计和软件/硬件协同验证。
协同使用：SystemC 和 SystemVerilog 可以一起使用，例如用 SystemC 进行高层次建模，用 SystemVerilog 进行详细设计和验证。
总结：SystemC 和 SystemVerilog 可以协同工作，分别用于系统级设计和详细验证。

SystemC 与其他 ESL 工具的关系
ESL 工具：如 MATLAB/Simulink、SpecC 等，也用于系统级设计。
SystemC 的优势：SystemC 是开源的，基于 C++，具有更大的灵活性和可扩展性。
协同使用：SystemC 可以与其他 ESL 工具集成，例如从 MATLAB/Simulink 生成 SystemC 代码。
总结：SystemC 是 ESL 设计中的重要工具之一，与其他工具可以协同工作。

高层次综合（HLS）：将 SystemC 模型转换为 RTL 代码。

2. nirgam环境搭建

利用win11+wsl实现 （失败）

需要安装好git和gcc

# gcc
sudo apt-get install build-essential

# win11系统可以通过wsl实现,wsl terminal 输入：
git clone https://github.com/xfguo/nirgam.git#wsl terminal 输入：
code .

直接运行makefile会失败，出现

~$ ./Makefile
./Makefile: line 4: TARGET_ARCH: command not found
./Makefile: line 7: CC: command not found

直接输入make命令也会发生错误

(base) n0name@wpyoung745chiputao:~/projects/nirgam$ make
g++  -g2 -rdynamic -I. -I.. -I./systemC/include -o core/fifo.o -c core/fifo.cpp
In file included from core/flit.h:30,from core/fifo.cpp:27:
./systemC/include/systemc.h:129:16: error: ‘gets’ has not been declared in ‘std’129 |     using std::gets;|                ^~~~
In file included from ./systemC/include/sysc/datatypes/fx/sc_fxdefs.h:51,from ./systemC/include/sysc/datatypes/fx/scfx_ieee.h:49,from ./systemC/include/sysc/kernel/sc_time.h:49,from ./systemC/include/sysc/kernel/sc_module.h:113,from ./systemC/include/systemc:55,from ./systemC/include/systemc.h:237,from core/flit.h:30,from core/fifo.cpp:27:
./systemC/include/sysc/datatypes/int/sc_nbutils.h: In function ‘void sc_dt::vec_copy(int, sc_dt::sc_digit*, const sc_digit*)’:
./systemC/include/sysc/datatypes/int/sc_nbutils.h:494:21: warning: ISO C++17 does not allow ‘register’ storage class specifier [-Wregister]494 |   for (register int i = 0; i < n; ++i)|                     ^
./systemC/include/sysc/datatypes/int/sc_nbutils.h: In function ‘void sc_dt::vec_complement(int, sc_dt::sc_digit*)’:
./systemC/include/sysc/datatypes/int/sc_nbutils.h:526:21: warning: ISO C++17 does not allow ‘register’ storage class specifier [-Wregister]526 |   register sc_digit carry = 1;|                     ^~~~~
./systemC/include/sysc/datatypes/int/sc_nbutils.h:528:21: warning: ISO C++17 does not allow ‘register’ storage class specifier [-Wregister]528 |   for (register int i = 0; i < ulen; ++i) {|                     ^
./systemC/include/sysc/datatypes/int/sc_nbutils.h: In function ‘void sc_dt::from_uint(int, sc_dt::sc_digit*, Type)’:
./systemC/include/sysc/datatypes/int/sc_nbutils.h:555:16: warning: ISO C++17 does not allow ‘register’ storage class specifier [-Wregister]555 |   register int i = 0;|                ^
In file included from ./systemC/include/sysc/datatypes/int/sc_signed.h:92,from ./systemC/include/sysc/datatypes/bit/sc_proxy.h:59,from ./systemC/include/sysc/datatypes/bit/sc_bit_proxies.h:65,from ./systemC/include/sysc/datatypes/bit/sc_bv_base.h:50,from ./systemC/include/sysc/datatypes/bit/sc_lv_base.h:56,from ./systemC/include/sysc/datatypes/bit/sc_lv.h:49,from ./systemC/include/sysc/communication/sc_signal_rv.h:61,from ./systemC/include/systemc:74,from ./systemC/include/systemc.h:237,from core/flit.h:30,from core/fifo.cpp:27:
./systemC/include/sysc/datatypes/int/sc_unsigned.h: At global scope:
./systemC/include/sysc/datatypes/int/sc_unsigned.h:1849:14: error: friend declaration of ‘int compare_unsigned(sc_dt::small_type, int, int, const sc_digit*, sc_dt::small_type, int, int, const sc_digit*, sc_dt::small_type, sc_dt::small_type)’ specifies default arguments and isn’t a definition [-fpermissive]1849 |   friend int compare_unsigned(small_type us,|              ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
./systemC/include/sysc/datatypes/int/sc_unsigned.h:1849:14: error: friend declaration of ‘int sc_dt::compare_unsigned(sc_dt::small_type, int, int, const sc_digit*, sc_dt::small_type, int, int, const sc_digit*, sc_dt::small_type, sc_dt::small_type)’ specifies default arguments and isn’t the only declaration [-fpermissive]
./systemC/include/sysc/datatypes/int/sc_unsigned.h:125:5: note: previous declaration of ‘int sc_dt::compare_unsigned(sc_dt::small_type, int, int, const sc_digit*, sc_dt::small_type, int, int, const sc_digit*, sc_dt::small_type, sc_dt::small_type)’125 | int compare_unsigned(small_type us,|     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from ./systemC/include/sysc/datatypes/bit/sc_bv_base.h:50,from ./systemC/include/sysc/datatypes/bit/sc_lv_base.h:56,from ./systemC/include/sysc/datatypes/bit/sc_lv.h:49,from ./systemC/include/sysc/communication/sc_signal_rv.h:61,from ./systemC/include/systemc:74,from ./systemC/include/systemc.h:237,from core/flit.h:30,from core/fifo.cpp:27:
./systemC/include/sysc/datatypes/bit/sc_bit_proxies.h:716:5: error: reference ‘m_obj’ cannot be declared ‘mutable’ [-fpermissive]716 |     mutable X& m_obj;|     ^~~~~~~
./systemC/include/sysc/datatypes/bit/sc_bit_proxies.h:1193:5: error: reference ‘m_left’ cannot be declared ‘mutable’ [-fpermissive]1193 |     mutable X&   m_left;|     ^~~~~~~
./systemC/include/sysc/datatypes/bit/sc_bit_proxies.h:1194:5: error: reference ‘m_right’ cannot be declared ‘mutable’ [-fpermissive]1194 |     mutable Y&   m_right;|     ^~~~~~~
./systemC/include/sysc/datatypes/bit/sc_bit_proxies.h:1196:5: error: reference ‘m_refs’ cannot be declared ‘mutable’ [-fpermissive]1196 |     mutable int& m_refs;|     ^~~~~~~
make: *** [Makefile.defs:25: core/fifo.o] Error 1

代码修改（修改后仍旧失败）

1. gets()
   
   同时需要注释掉 systemc.h语句中的using std::gets

2. for (register int i = 0; i < n; ++i), ISO C++17 does not allow ‘register’ storage class specifier
   直接删除register就好
   也有改变标准的使用说法：
   g++ -std=c++11 your_program.cpp -o your_program

3. friend declaration specifies default arguments and isn’t a definition

 // Helper functions.friend int compare_unsigned(small_type us,int unb,int und,const sc_digit *ud,small_type vs,int vnb,int vnd,const sc_digit *vd,small_type if_u_signed = 0,small_type if_v_signed = 0);

需要在两处做改动

4. error: reference ‘m_obj’ cannot be declared ‘mutable’
   去表mutable即可

5. Makefile.defs中的W1应当改为Wl

g++: error: unrecognized command-line option ‘-W1,-soname,application/lib/App_send.so’
make: *** [Makefile.defs:31: application/lib/App_send.so] Error 1
6. application/lib改为application/src
//修改如下：
application/src/%.so : application/src/%.o$(CC) -shared -Wl,-soname,$@ -o $@ $<router/lib/%.so : router/src/%.o$(CC) -shared -Wl,-soname,$@ -o $@ $<

---

再次环境搭建（Ubuntu成功，可能是systemc版本的问题）

1. 同样安装好systemc，这次安装3.0.1版本，网址为：https://accellera.org/downloads/standards/systemc
   systemc支持事务级的键帽

解压文件，进入systemc目录下
mkdir objdir
cd objdir
make
make check (可忽略，检查make是否成功)
make install
objdir可以删除，也可以不删

2. 需要在make文件中确定systemc的路径，同时TARGET_ARCH也需要从linux改为linux64，Makefile.defs中的W1应当改为Wl，此后在nirgam的文件夹下make
3. 解决问题：

g++ -g -rdynamic -I. -I… -I/home/n0name/software/systemc-3.0.1/include -o application/src/Sink.o -c application/src/Sink.cpp
g++ -shared -Wl,-soname,application/lib/App_send.so -o application/lib/App_send.so application/src/App_send.o
/usr/bin/ld: cannot open output file application/lib/App_send.so: No such file or directory
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [Makefile.defs:33: application/lib/App_send.so] Error 1

解决方式是：将以下代码粘贴进Makefile.defs，并注释掉相应的代码即可make成功

application/lib/%.so : application/src/%.o@mkdir -p $(dir $@)  # 自动创建目标目录$(CC) -shared -Wl,-soname,$@ -o $@ $<router/lib/%.so : router/src/%.o@mkdir -p $(dir $@)  # 自动创建目标目录$(CC) -shared -Wl,-soname,$@ -o $@ $<.cpp.o:$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(INCDIR) -fPIC -o $@ -c $<

4. make成功之后，在运行./nirgam时仍旧出现了以下问题：

./nirgam: error while loading shared libraries: libsystemc-3.0.0.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

此时添加环境变量即可

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/n0name/software/systemc-3.0.1/lib-linux64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

3. Noxim

https://github.com/davidepatti/noxim.git

• 基于system C, 2016年被开发出来
• 接口：命令行，可定义 network size, buffer size, packet size distribution, routing algorithm, selection strategy, packet injection rate, traffic time distribution, traffic pattern, hot-sopt traffic distribution
• 可评估throughput, delay 和power consumption
• 用户可收集不同的评估指标, 包含总的受到的packets/flits， 全局平均throughput, max/min global delay, 总的energy consumption， per-communications delay/throughput/energy etc.
• noxim explorer?

3.1 noxim在wsl的安装过程：

• 使用的是WSL系统，需要安装C++ compiler, YAML (with Boost Libraries), SystemC，按照doc/INSTALL.txt文件的说明安装即可
• sudo apt-get install build-essential
• sudo apt-get install libyaml-cpp-dev libboost-dev
• sudo apt-get install cmake

可能出现fatal error: systemc.h: No such file or directory的问题，此时需要确定systemC是否安装好，makefile是一种用于自动化编译和链接程序的工具，需要在makefile中指定好SYSTEMC的路径，并且在.bashrc中也明确安装路径.

尽管如此，安装结束之后依旧出现了./noxim: error while loading shared libraries: libsystemc-2.3.1.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory的问题，但实际上在目录中是存在的，可以使用ls查看，在 ~/opt/systemc-2.3.1/ include/安装目录中存在以下文件 sysc systemc systemc.h tlm tlm.h tlm_core tlm_utils此时需要在.bashrc文件中添加export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/n0name/opt/systemc-2.3.1/lib-linux64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH的命令

随后运行./noxim即可出现以下界面：

3.2 noxim使用

./noxi -help可以查看使用命令或者查看手册

Usage: ./noxim [options]
Where [options] is one or more of the following ones:-help                   Show this help and exit-config                 Load the specified configuration file-power                  Load the specified power configurations file-verbose N              Verbosity level (1=low, 2=medium, 3=high)-trace FILENAME         Trace signals to a VCD file named 'FILENAME.vcd'-dimx N                 Set the mesh X dimension-dimy N                 Set the mesh Y dimension-buffer N               Set the depth of router input buffers [flits]-buffer_tt N            Set the depth of hub buffers to tile [flits]-buffer_ft N            Set the depth of hub buffers to tile [flits]-buffer_antenna N       Set the depth of hub antenna buffers (RX/TX) [flits]-vc N                   Number of virtual channels-winoc                  Enable radio hub wireless transmission-winoc_dst_hops                 Max number of hops between target RadioHub and destination node-wirxsleep              Enable radio hub wireless power manager-size Nmin Nmax         Set the minimum and maximum packet size [flits]-flit N                 Set the flit size [bit]-topology TYPE          Set the topology to one of the following:MESH            2D MeshBUTTERFLY       Delta network Butterfly (radix 2)BASELINE        Delta network BaselineOMEGA           Delta network Omega-routing TYPE           Set the routing algorithm to one of the following:XY              XY routing algorithmWEST_FIRST      West-First routing algorithmNORTH_LAST      North-Last routing algorithmNEGATIVE_FIRST  Negative-First routing algorithmODD_EVEN        Odd-Even routing algorithmDYAD T          DyAD routing algorithm with threshold TTABLE_BASED FILENAME    Routing Table Based routing algorithm with table in the specified file-sel TYPE               Set the selection strategy to one of the following:RANDOM          Random selection strategyBUFFER_LEVEL    Buffer-Level Based selection strategyNOP             Neighbors-on-Path selection strategy-pir R TYPE             Set the packet injection rate R [0..1] and the time distribution TYPE where TYPE is one of the following:poisson         Memory-less Poisson distributionburst R         Burst distribution with given real burstnesspareto on off r Self-similar Pareto distribution with given real parameters (alfa-on alfa-off r)custom R        Custom distribution with given real probability of retransmission-traffic TYPE           Set the spatial distribution of traffic to TYPE where TYPE is one of the following:random          Random traffic distributionlocal L         Random traffic with a fraction L (0..1) of packets having a destination connected to the local hub, i.e. not using wirelessulocal          Random traffic with locality smooth distributiontranspose1      Transpose matrix 1 traffic distributiontranspose2      Transpose matrix 2 traffic distributionbitreversal     Bit-reversal traffic distributionbutterfly       Butterfly traffic distributionshuffle         Shuffle traffic distributiontable FILENAME  Traffic Table Based traffic distribution with table in the specified file-hs ID P                Add node ID to hotspot nodes, with percentage P (0..1) (Only for 'random' traffic)-warmup N               Start to collect statistics after N cycles-seed N                 Set the seed of the random generator (default time())-detailed               Show detailed statistics-show_buf_stats         Show buffers statistics-volume N               Stop the simulation when either the maximum number of cycles has been reached or N flits havebeen delivered-asciimonitor           Show status of the network while running (experimental)-sim N                  Run for the specified simulation time [cycles]

仿真器比较的论文

论文（A Survey on Computing-in-Memory (CiM) and Emerging Nonvolatile Memory (NVM) Simulators）中找到的仿真器的设计