输出文字的综合使用例子
书籍：《windows程序设计(第五版)》
环境：visual studio 2022
内容：输出文字->综合使用
说明：以下内容大部分来自腾讯元宝
1.建立空项目
编写第一个WINDOWS程序_visual studio,创建一个新的 windows应用程序-CSDN博客
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_20725221/article/details/146255703?spm=1001.2014.3001.55022.SYSMETS.h
结构体定义(未显式命名，直接定义并初始化数组。)->数组初始化(每项应为 (iIndex, szLabel, szDesc))
/*-----------------------------------------------
SYSMETS.H -- System metrics display structure
-----------------------------------------------*/
#pragma once
#include <Windows.h>
#define NUMLINES ((int) (sizeof sysmetrics / sizeof sysmetrics [0]))
//此代码定义了一个匿名结构体数组 sysmetrics，用于存储 Windows 系统度量（System Metrics） 的索引、标签和描述。
//其目的是将系统度量常量（如屏幕宽度、高度）与对应的文本信息关联，便于后续动态查询和界面适配。
struct
{
int iIndex;
TCHAR* szLabel;
TCHAR* szDesc;
}
sysmetrics[] =
{
SM_CXSCREEN, TEXT("SM_CXSCREEN"),
TEXT("Screen width in pixels"),
SM_CYSCREEN, TEXT("SM_CYSCREEN"),
TEXT("Screen height in pixels"),
SM_CXVSCROLL, TEXT("SM_CXVSCROLL"),
TEXT("Vertical scroll width"),
SM_CYHSCROLL, TEXT("SM_CYHSCROLL"),
TEXT("Horizontal scroll height"),
SM_CYCAPTION, TEXT("SM_CYCAPTION"),
TEXT("Caption bar height"),
SM_CXBORDER, TEXT("SM_CXBORDER"),
TEXT("Window border width"),
SM_CYBORDER, TEXT("SM_CYBORDER"),
TEXT("Window border height"),
SM_CXFIXEDFRAME, TEXT("SM_CXFIXEDFRAME"),
TEXT("Dialog window frame width"),
SM_CYFIXEDFRAME, TEXT("SM_CYFIXEDFRAME"),
TEXT("Dialog window frame height"),
SM_CYVTHUMB, TEXT("SM_CYVTHUMB"),
TEXT("Vertical scroll thumb height"),
SM_CXHTHUMB, TEXT("SM_CXHTHUMB"),
TEXT("Horizontal scroll thumb width"),
SM_CXICON, TEXT("SM_CXICON"),
TEXT("Icon width"),
SM_CYICON, TEXT("SM_CYICON"),
TEXT("Icon height"),
SM_CXCURSOR, TEXT("SM_CXCURSOR"),
TEXT("Cursor width"),
SM_CYCURSOR, TEXT("SM_CYCURSOR"),
TEXT("Cursor height"),
SM_CYMENU, TEXT("SM_CYMENU"),
TEXT("Menu bar height"),
SM_CXFULLSCREEN, TEXT("SM_CXFULLSCREEN"),
TEXT("Full screen client area width"),
SM_CYFULLSCREEN, TEXT("SM_CYFULLSCREEN"),
TEXT("Full screen client area height"),
SM_CYKANJIWINDOW, TEXT("SM_CYKANJIWINDOW"),
TEXT("Kanji window height"),
SM_MOUSEPRESENT, TEXT("SM_MOUSEPRESENT"),
TEXT("Mouse present flag"),
SM_CYVSCROLL, TEXT("SM_CYVSCROLL"),
TEXT("Vertical scroll arrow height"),
SM_CXHSCROLL, TEXT("SM_CXHSCROLL"),
TEXT("Horizontal scroll arrow width"),
SM_DEBUG, TEXT("SM_DEBUG"),
TEXT("Debug version flag"),
SM_SWAPBUTTON, TEXT("SM_SWAPBUTTON"),
TEXT("Mouse buttons swapped flag"),
SM_CXMIN, TEXT("SM_CXMIN"),
TEXT("Minimum window width"),
SM_CYMIN, TEXT("SM_CYMIN"),
TEXT("Minimum window height"),
SM_CXSIZE, TEXT("SM_CXSIZE"),
TEXT("Min/Max/Close button width"),
SM_CYSIZE, TEXT("SM_CYSIZE"),
TEXT("Min/Max/Close button height"),
SM_CXSIZEFRAME, TEXT("SM_CXSIZEFRAME"),
TEXT("Window sizing frame width"),
SM_CYSIZEFRAME, TEXT("SM_CYSIZEFRAME"),
TEXT("Window sizing frame height"),
SM_CXMINTRACK, TEXT("SM_CXMINTRACK"),
TEXT("Minimum window tracking width"),
SM_CYMINTRACK, TEXT("SM_CYMINTRACK"),
TEXT("Minimum window tracking height"),
SM_CXDOUBLECLK, TEXT("SM_CXDOUBLECLK"),
TEXT("Double click x tolerance"),
SM_CYDOUBLECLK, TEXT("SM_CYDOUBLECLK"),
TEXT("Double click y tolerance"),
SM_CXICONSPACING, TEXT("SM_CXICONSPACING"),
TEXT("Horizontal icon spacing"),
SM_CYICONSPACING, TEXT("SM_CYICONSPACING"),
TEXT("Vertical icon spacing"),
SM_MENUDROPALIGNMENT, TEXT("SM_MENUDROPALIGNMENT"),
TEXT("Left or right menu drop"),
SM_PENWINDOWS, TEXT("SM_PENWINDOWS"),
TEXT("Pen extensions installed"),
SM_DBCSENABLED, TEXT("SM_DBCSENABLED"),
TEXT("Double-Byte Char Set enabled"),
SM_CMOUSEBUTTONS, TEXT("SM_CMOUSEBUTTONS"),
TEXT("Number of mouse buttons"),
SM_SECURE, TEXT("SM_SECURE"),
TEXT("Security present flag"),
SM_CXEDGE, TEXT("SM_CXEDGE"),
TEXT("3-D border width"),
SM_CYEDGE, TEXT("SM_CYEDGE"),
TEXT("3-D border height"),
SM_CXMINSPACING, TEXT("SM_CXMINSPACING"),
TEXT("Minimized window spacing width"),
SM_CYMINSPACING, TEXT("SM_CYMINSPACING"),
TEXT("Minimized window spacing height"),
SM_CXSMICON, TEXT("SM_CXSMICON"),
TEXT("Small icon width"),
SM_CYSMICON, TEXT("SM_CYSMICON"),
TEXT("Small icon height"),
SM_CYSMCAPTION, TEXT("SM_CYSMCAPTION"),
TEXT("Small caption height"),
SM_CXSMSIZE, TEXT("SM_CXSMSIZE"),
TEXT("Small caption button width"),
SM_CYSMSIZE, TEXT("SM_CYSMSIZE"),
TEXT("Small caption button height"),
SM_CXMENUSIZE, TEXT("SM_CXMENUSIZE"),
TEXT("Menu bar button width"),
SM_CYMENUSIZE, TEXT("SM_CYMENUSIZE"),
TEXT("Menu bar button height"),
SM_ARRANGE, TEXT("SM_ARRANGE"),
TEXT("How minimized windows arranged"),
SM_CXMINIMIZED, TEXT("SM_CXMINIMIZED"),
TEXT("Minimized window width"),
SM_CYMINIMIZED, TEXT("SM_CYMINIMIZED"),
TEXT("Minimized window height"),
SM_CXMAXTRACK, TEXT("SM_CXMAXTRACK"),
TEXT("Maximum draggable width"),
SM_CYMAXTRACK, TEXT("SM_CYMAXTRACK"),
TEXT("Maximum draggable height"),
SM_CXMAXIMIZED, TEXT("SM_CXMAXIMIZED"),
TEXT("Width of maximized window"),
SM_CYMAXIMIZED, TEXT("SM_CYMAXIMIZED"),
TEXT("Height of maximized window"),
SM_NETWORK, TEXT("SM_NETWORK"),
TEXT("Network present flag"),
SM_CLEANBOOT, TEXT("SM_CLEANBOOT"),
TEXT("How system was booted"),
SM_CXDRAG, TEXT("SM_CXDRAG"),
TEXT("Avoid drag x tolerance"),
SM_CYDRAG, TEXT("SM_CYDRAG"),
TEXT("Avoid drag y tolerance"),
SM_SHOWSOUNDS, TEXT("SM_SHOWSOUNDS"),
TEXT("Present sounds visually"),
SM_CXMENUCHECK, TEXT("SM_CXMENUCHECK"),
TEXT("Menu check-mark width"),
SM_CYMENUCHECK, TEXT("SM_CYMENUCHECK"),
TEXT("Menu check-mark height"),
SM_SLOWMACHINE, TEXT("SM_SLOWMACHINE"),
TEXT("Slow processor flag"),
SM_MIDEASTENABLED, TEXT("SM_MIDEASTENABLED"),
TEXT("Hebrew and Arabic enabled flag"),
SM_MOUSEWHEELPRESENT, TEXT("SM_MOUSEWHEELPRESENT"),
TEXT("Mouse wheel present flag"),
SM_XVIRTUALSCREEN, TEXT("SM_XVIRTUALSCREEN"),
TEXT("Virtual screen x origin"),
SM_YVIRTUALSCREEN, TEXT("SM_YVIRTUALSCREEN"),
TEXT("Virtual screen y origin"),
SM_CXVIRTUALSCREEN, TEXT("SM_CXVIRTUALSCREEN"),
TEXT("Virtual screen width"),
SM_CYVIRTUALSCREEN, TEXT("SM_CYVIRTUALSCREEN"),
TEXT("Virtual screen height"),
SM_CMONITORS, TEXT("SM_CMONITORS"),
TEXT("Number of monitors"),
SM_SAMEDISPLAYFORMAT, TEXT("SM_SAMEDISPLAYFORMAT"),
TEXT("Same color format flag")
};
3.SYSMETS1.c
主要看WndProc()函数。
#include <Windows.h>
#include "SYSMETS.h"
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("SysMets1");
HWND hwnd;
MSG msg;
WNDCLASS wndclass;
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName;
if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass))
{
MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("This program requires Windows NT!"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR);
return 0;
}
hwnd = CreateWindow(szAppName, TEXT("Get System Metrics No. 1"),
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);
ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow);
UpdateWindow(hwnd);
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
//此代码实现了一个系统度量信息展示窗口，通过 WndProc 处理窗口消息，动态获取并显示系统度量值（如屏幕尺寸、滚动条宽度等）。其核心功能包括：
//
//初始化系统度量参数（字符宽度、行高等）。
//绘制系统度量表（标签、描述、数值）。
//响应窗口销毁事件。
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
//cxChar（字符平均宽度）、cxCaps（大写字符宽度）、cyChar（行高），仅在窗口生命周期内有效。
static int cxChar, cxCaps, cyChar;
HDC hdc;
int i;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
TCHAR szBuffer[10];
TEXTMETRIC tm;
switch (message)
{
case WM_CREATE:
hdc = GetDC(hwnd); // 获取设备上下文
GetTextMetrics(hdc, &tm); // 获取字体度量
cxChar = tm.tmAveCharWidth; // 平均字符宽度
//tm.tmPitchAndFamily & 1：判断字体是否为变宽字体（如等宽字体为0）。
//cxCaps 计算：变宽字体为 3 / 2 cxChar，等宽字体为 2 / 2 cxChar。
cxCaps = (tm.tmPitchAndFamily & 1 ? 3 : 2) * cxChar / 2; // 大写字符宽度
//cyChar 包含行高和行间距，确保文本垂直对齐。
cyChar = tm.tmHeight + tm.tmExternalLeading; // 行高（含行间距）
ReleaseDC(hwnd, hdc); // 释放设备上下文
return 0;
case WM_PAINT:
hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps); // 开始绘制
/*布局逻辑：
标签列：X = 0，Y = cyChar * i（每行间距为行高）。
描述列：X = 22 * cxCaps（固定偏移），Y同上。
数值列：X = 22 * cxCaps + 40 * cxChar（标签宽度 + 固定偏移），右对齐。
数值格式化： % 5d 表示5位右对齐整数，适应不同数值长度。*/
for (i = 0; i < NUMLINES; i++) // 遍历系统度量数组
{
// 绘制标签（左对齐）
TextOut(hdc, 0, cyChar * i, sysmetrics[i].szLabel, lstrlen(sysmetrics[i].szLabel));
// 绘制描述（左对齐）
TextOut(hdc, 22 * cxCaps, cyChar * i, sysmetrics[i].szDesc, lstrlen(sysmetrics[i].szDesc));
SetTextAlign(hdc, TA_RIGHT | TA_TOP); // 设置右对齐
// 绘制数值（右对齐，带格式化）
TextOut(hdc, 22 * cxCaps + 40 * cxChar, cyChar * i, szBuffer,
wsprintf(szBuffer, TEXT("%5d"),
GetSystemMetrics(sysmetrics[i].iIndex)));
SetTextAlign(hdc, TA_LEFT | TA_TOP); // 恢复左对齐
}
EndPaint(hwnd, &ps); // 结束绘制
return 0;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0); // 发送退出消息
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}4.运行效果
详细介绍TEXTMETRIC结构体-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/qq_20725221/article/details/146535803?sharetype=blogdetail&sharerId=146535803&sharerefer=PC&sharesource=qq_20725221&spm=1011.2480.3001.8118