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Halcon算子 二维码识别、案例

news 来源：原创 2025/5/16 1:19:36

在Halcon中，二维码识别是一个常见的机器视觉任务，通常用于产品类型检测或MES系统对接。

Halcon提供冷一系列算子（operators）来简化二维码识别的过程。

操作步骤

  1. 读取二维码图像  read_image
  2. 对图像进行想要预处理 【灰度化 二值化 区域特殊筛选 形态学 几何变换 区域锁定】
  3. 创建二维码解析对象 create_data_code_2d_model
  4. 设置解析对象相关的参数 set_data_code_2d_param
  5. 搜索目标区域的二维码并解析获取解析结果 find_data_code_2d
  6. 释放二维码解析对象 clear_data_code_2d_model

创建 create
设置 set
获取 get/query
搜索 find
生成 gen
绘制 draw
显示 dev_disp

预处理

  • 图像预处理：对比度低或模糊，可以用  scale_image 和 emphasis
  • 二维码区域提取： 当图像信息过多，可以使用 reduce_domain 和 crop_domain算子，有助于降低解码难度并减少解码时间
  • 二维码放大：对于较小的二维码，可以用 zoom_image_factor 放大图像

案例

1.D码

*窗体清空，数据清空
dev_close_window ()
dev_update_off ()
*获取窗口句柄
dev_get_window (WindowHandle)
*设置字体
set_display_font (WindowHandle, 16, 'mono', 'true', 'false')
*ROI样式设置
dev_set_draw ('margin')
dev_set_color ('green')
dev_set_line_width (3)
*创建二维码格式
create_data_code_2d_model ('Data Matrix ECC 200', [], [], DataCodeHandle)
*设置二维码参数
set_data_code_2d_param (DataCodeHandle, 'default_parameters', 'maximum_recognition')
*读取文件夹
list_files ('D:/Halcon/‫Image/3二维D码', 'files', Files)
*正则表达式筛选
tuple_regexp_select (Files, '.(bmp|jpg)', Selection)
num:=|Selection|-1
for Index:=0 to num by 1
    read_image (Image,Selection[Index])
    *找到二维码
    find_data_code_2d (Image, SymbolXLDs, DataCodeHandle, [], [], ResultHandles, DecodedDataStrings)
    *获取结果
    get_data_code_2d_results (DataCodeHandle, 'all_candidates', 'status', ResultValues)
    *获取找到的数量
    count_obj (SymbolXLDs, Number)
    *显示
    dev_display (Image)
    dev_display (SymbolXLDs)
    *显示解码结果
    disp_message (WindowHandle, DecodedDataStrings, 'image', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
    if(Index==num)
        disp_continue_message (WindowHandle, 'black', 'false')
    else
        disp_continue_message (WindowHandle, 'black', 'true')
        stop ()
    endif
endfor
disp_message (WindowHandle, '结束了', 'image', 200, 300, 'red', 'white')

 2.QR码

 

*dev_update_off ()
*dev_close_window ()
dev_get_window (WindowHandle)
set_display_font (WindowHandle, 16, 'mono', 'true', 'false')
dev_set_draw ('margin')
dev_set_color ('green')
dev_set_line_width (3)
create_data_code_2d_model ('QR Code', 'default_parameters', 'maximum_recognition', DataCodeHandle)
list_files ('D:/Halcon/‫Image/4二维QR码', 'files', Files)
tuple_regexp_select (Files, '.(bmp|pg)', Selection)
for Index:=0 to |Selection|-1 by 1
    read_image (Image, Selection[Index])
    find_data_code_2d (Image, SymbolXLDs, DataCodeHandle, [], [], ResultHandles, DecodedDataStrings)
    count_obj (SymbolXLDs, Number)
    if(Number<1)
        disp_message (WindowHandle, 'NG', 'window', 12, 12, 'red', 'true')
    else
        disp_message (WindowHandle, 'OK\r\n'+DecodedDataStrings, 'image', 12, 12, 'green', 'true')
    endif
    stop ()
endfor
disp_message (WindowHandle, '结束了', 'window', 200, 300, 'red', 'true')

3.中文QR解码 

 

*将输入的参数从当前操作系统语言环境编码转换成UFT-8编码
set_system ('filename_encoding', 'utf8')
dev_update_off ()
dev_close_window ()
read_image (Image, 'D:/Halcon/‫Image/N维码/实现中文QR二维码的读取/1.png')
dev_open_window_fit_image (Image, 0, 0, -1, -1, WindowHandle)
set_display_font (WindowHandle, 16, 'mono', 'true', 'false')
dev_set_line_width (3)
dev_set_color ('green')
dev_display (Image)
create_data_code_2d_model ('QR Code', [], [], DataCodeHandle)
set_data_code_2d_param (DataCodeHandle, 'string_encoding', 'utf8')
find_data_code_2d (Image, SymbolXLDs, DataCodeHandle, [], [], ResultHandles, DecodedDataStrings)
dev_display (Image)
dev_display (SymbolXLDs)
disp_message (WindowHandle, '读出的二维码是'+DecodedDataStrings, 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
clear_data_code_2d_model (DataCodeHandle)

4.查找多维玛

 


dev_get_window (WindowHandle)
set_display_font (WindowHandle, 16, 'mono', 'true', 'false')
dev_set_color ('green')
dev_set_draw ('margin')
dev_set_line_width (3)
*创建 Data Matrix ECC 200二维码模板
create_data_code_2d_model ('Data Matrix ECC 200', 'default_parameters', 'maximum_recognition', DataCodeHandleECC200)
*创建PDF417二维码模板
create_data_code_2d_model ('PDF417', 'default_parameters', 'maximum_recognition', DataCodeHandlePDF417)
*创建QR Code二维码模板
create_data_code_2d_model ('QR Code', 'default_parameters', 'maximum_recognition', DataCodeHandleQR)
list_files ('D:/Halcon/‫Image/N维码/兼容多种二维码读取案例', 'files', Files)
tuple_regexp_select (Files, '.(jpg|bmp|png)', Selection)
for Index:=0 to |Selection|-1 by 1
    read_image (Image, Selection[Index])
    find_data_code_2d (Image, SymbolXLDs, DataCodeHandleECC200, [], [], ResultHandles, DecodedDataStrings)
    count_obj (SymbolXLDs, Number)
    if(Number>0)
        disp_message (WindowHandle, '发现ECC200码:\n\r'+DecodedDataStrings, 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
        disp_continue_message (WindowHandle, 'black', 'true')
        stop ()
    else
        find_data_code_2d (Image, SymbolXLDs, DataCodeHandlePDF417, [], [], ResultHandles1, DecodedDataStrings)
        count_obj (SymbolXLDs, Number)
        if(Number>0)
            disp_message (WindowHandle, '发现PDF417码：\n\r'+DecodedDataStrings, 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
            disp_continue_message (WindowHandle, 'black', 'true')
            stop ()
        else
            find_data_code_2d (Image, SymbolXLDs, DataCodeHandleQR, [], [], ResultHandles1, DecodedDataStrings)
            count_obj (SymbolXLDs, Number)
            if(Number>0)
                disp_message (WindowHandle, '发现QR码：\n\r'+DecodedDataStrings, 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
                disp_continue_message (WindowHandle, 'black', 'true')
                stop ()
            else
                disp_message (WindowHandle, '未发现二维码', 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
                disp_continue_message (WindowHandle, 'black', 'true')
                stop ()
            endif
        endif
    endif
endfor
disp_message (WindowHandle, '结束了', 'window', 200, 300, 'black', 'true')
clear_data_code_2d_model (DataCodeHandleQR)
clear_data_code_2d_model (DataCodeHandlePDF417)
clear_data_code_2d_model (DataCodeHandleECC200)

 5.ECC 200 实例

create_data_code_2d_model ('Data Matrix ECC 200', 'default_parameters', 'maximum_recognition', DataCodeHandle)
dev_get_window (WindowHandle)
dev_set_color ('green')
dev_set_draw ('margin')
dev_set_line_width (3)
set_display_font (WindowHandle, 16, 'mono', 'true', 'false')
list_files ('D:/Halcon/‫Image/二维码教程/ecc 200检测实例', 'files', Files)
tuple_regexp_select (Files, '.(jpg|png|bmp|tif)', Selection)
for Index:=0 to |Selection|-1 by 1
    read_image (Image, Selection[Index])
    get_image_size (Image, Width, Height)
    zoom_image_factor (Image, Image, 0.15, 0.15, 'constant')
    find_data_code_2d (Image, SymbolXLDs, DataCodeHandle, [], [], ResultHandles, DecodedDataStrings)
    count_obj (SymbolXLDs, Number)
    if(Number<1)
        stop()
        find_data_code_2d (Image, SymbolXLDs, DataCodeHandle, 'train', 'all', ResultHandles, DecodedDataStrings)
        count_obj (SymbolXLDs, Number)
    endif
    count_obj (SymbolXLDs, Number)
    if(Number>0)
        disp_message (WindowHandle, 'OK\r\n'+DecodedDataStrings, 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
    else
        disp_message (WindowHandle, 'NG', 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
    endif
    stop ()
endfor
disp_message (WindowHandle, '结束了', 'window', 200, 300, 'black', 'true')
clear_data_code_2d_model (DataCodeHandle)

6.PDF417 码

dev_close_window ()
dev_set_draw ('margin')
dev_set_color ('green')
dev_set_line_width (3)
dev_get_window (WindowHandle1)
set_display_font (WindowHandle1, 16, 'mono', 'true', 'false')
dev_get_window (WindowHandle)
create_data_code_2d_model ('PDF417', 'default_parameters', 'maximum_recognition', DataCodeHandle)
list_files ('D:/Halcon/‫Image/二维码教程/pdf417', 'files', Files)
tuple_regexp_select (Files, '.(png|jpg|bmp)', Selection)
for i:=0 to |Selection|-1 by 1
    read_image (Image, Selection[i])
    find_data_code_2d (Image, SymbolXLDs, DataCodeHandle, [], [], ResultHandles, DecodedDataStrings)
    count_obj (SymbolXLDs, Number)
    if(Number<1)
        *训练模板。训练模板的时间比较长，比正常识别长很多，而且当训练模板没有找到二维码的时候，时间会更长
        find_data_code_2d (Image, SymbolXLDs1, DataCodeHandle, 'train', 'all', ResultHandles1, DecodedDataStrings1)
        *为了防止程序崩溃，导致保存添加了新信息的模板丢失，及时保存新模板
        write_data_code_2d_model (DataCodeHandle, 'C:/Users/86195/Desktop/二维码集合/data_code_model.dcm')
        stop ()
    endif
    count_obj (SymbolXLDs, Number)
    if(Number<1)
        disp_message (WindowHandle, 'NG', 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
    else
        disp_message (WindowHandle, 'OK\r\n'+DecodedDataStrings, 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
    endif
    stop ()
endfor
disp_message (WindowHandle, '结束了', 'window', 200, 300, 'black', 'true')
clear_data_code_2d_model (DataCodeHandle)

  7.QR Code 码

dev_close_window ()
dev_get_window (WindowHandle)
dev_set_draw ('margin')
dev_set_color ('green')
dev_set_line_width (3)
set_display_font (WindowHandle, 16, 'mono', 'true', 'false')
create_data_code_2d_model ('QR Code', 'default_parameters', 'maximum_recognition', DataCodeHandle)
list_files ('D:/Halcon/‫Image/二维码教程/qrcode', 'files', Files)
tuple_regexp_select (Files, '.(jpg|bmp|png)', Selection)
for i:=0 to |Selection|-1 by 1
    read_image (Image, Selection[i])
    find_data_code_2d (Image, SymbolXLDs, DataCodeHandle, [], [], ResultHandles, DecodedDataStrings)
    count_obj (SymbolXLDs, Number)
    if(Number<1)
        find_data_code_2d (Image, SymbolXLDs1, DataCodeHandle, 'train', 'all', ResultHandles1, DecodedDataStrings1)
        write_data_code_2d_model (DataCodeHandle, 'C:/Users/86195/Desktop/二维码集合/data_code_model.dcm')
        stop ()
    endif
    count_obj (SymbolXLDs, Number)
    if(Number<1)
        disp_message (WindowHandle, DecodedDataStrings, 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
    else
        disp_message (WindowHandle, 'OK\r\n'+DecodedDataStrings, 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
    endif
    stop ()
endfor
disp_message (WindowHandle, '结束了', 'window', 200, 300, 'black', 'true')
clear_data_code_2d_model (DataCodeHandle)

8.多线程并行读取QR码

**************************************************************************1.初始化**************************************************** 
*测量次数
Loops := 3

*关闭程序计数器,图形窗口更新,图像变量更新
dev_update_off ()

*关闭已经打开的窗口
dev_close_window ()

*读取一张图像
read_image (Image, 'barcode/mixed/barcodes_datacodes_mixed_01')

*创建一个窗口,图像可以自适应该窗口
dev_open_window_fit_image (Image, 0, 0, -1, -1, WindowHandle)

*设置字体显示信息:字体大小:16;字体类型:mono;粗体,斜体;
set_display_font (WindowHandle, 16, 'mono', 'true', 'false')

*显示图像
dev_display (Image)


**************************************************************************1.多线程来对多个二维码进行解码**************************************************** 

*创建一个QR Code类型的二维码模版
create_data_code_2d_model ('QR Code', [], [], QrCodeModel)

*创建一个Data Matrix ECC 200类型的二维码模版
create_data_code_2d_model ('Data Matrix ECC 200', 'default_parameters', 'maximum_recognition', Ecc200Model)

*创建一个一维码模版
create_bar_code_model ([], [], BarCodeModel)

* 训练Qr二维码模版
find_data_code_2d (Image, QrCodeXldsSeq, QrCodeModel, ['stop_after_result_num','train'], [2,'all'], QrCodeHandlesSeq, QrCodeStringsSeq)
* 训练Ecc200二维码模版
find_data_code_2d (Image, Ecc200XldsSeq, Ecc200Model, ['stop_after_result_num','train'], [2,'all'], Ecc200HandlesSeq, Ecc200StringsSeq)
* 训练EAN-13一维码模版
find_bar_code (Image, BarCodeRegionsSeq, BarCodeModel, ['EAN-13','Code 128'], BarCodeStringsSeq)



* 串行识别二维码信息,循环识别3次
count_seconds (T1)
for L := 1 to Loops by 1
    find_qr_codes (Image, QrCodeXldsSeq, QrCodeModel, QrCodeHandlesSeq, QrCodeStringsSeq)
    find_ecc200_codes (Image, Ecc200Xlds, Ecc200Model, Ecc200Handles, Ecc200Strings)
    find_bar_codes (Image, BarCodeRegions, BarCodeModel, BarCodeStrings)
endfor
count_seconds (T2)
*串行操作花费的时间
TimeSeq := 1000.0 * (T2 - T1) / Loops
 
* 并行识别二维码信息,循环识别3次
count_seconds (T1)
for L := 1 to Loops by 1
    *** 开启多线程  par_start<线程名称>
    par_start<ThreadQRCode> : find_qr_codes (Image, QrCodeXlds, QrCodeModel, QrCodeHandlesSeq, QrCodeStringsSeq)
    par_start<ThreadECC200> : find_ecc200_codes (Image, Ecc200Xlds, Ecc200Model, Ecc200Handles, Ecc200Strings)
    par_start<ThreadBarcode> : find_bar_codes (Image, BarCodeRegions, BarCodeModel, BarCodeStrings)
    * 等待3个线程执行完成
    par_join ([ThreadQRCode,ThreadECC200,ThreadBarcode])
endfor
count_seconds (T2)
*并行操作花费的时间
TimePar := 1000.0 * (T2 - T1) / Loops



* 计算并行相对串行速度提升了多少
Speedup := 100 * ((TimeSeq / TimePar) - 1)

* 显示识别到的二维码区域
dev_set_draw ('margin')
dev_set_line_width (4)
dev_set_color ('yellow')
dev_display (QrCodeXlds)
dev_set_color ('green')
dev_display (Ecc200Xlds)
dev_set_color ('cyan')
dev_display (BarCodeRegions)
Color := ['forest green','red']
disp_message (WindowHandle, 'Multithreading speedup: ' + Speedup$'.2f' + '%', 'window', 42, 12, Color[Speedup < 1], 'true')

*删除各自条码模版并释放分配内存
clear_bar_code_model (BarCodeModel)
clear_data_code_2d_model (Ecc200Model)
clear_data_code_2d_model (QrCodeModel)

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