Ubuntu togo系统读写性能与原生系统测试

我前面把一个Ubuntu环境拷贝到了一个10Gbps的硬盘盒制作了一个Ubuntu togo的系统，帖子在这里，这篇文章主要用于测试使用Ubuntu togo的系统和原生系统的性能差异。

以下是测试Ubuntu togo系统与原系统性能差异的具体方案，结合移动硬盘特性及参考资料中的关键信息整理：
我的测试的主机的信息如下：

> inxi -Fxz
System:    Kernel: 5.15.0-131-generic x86_64 bits: 64 compiler: N/A Desktop: Gnome 3.36.9 
           Distro: Ubuntu 20.04.6 LTS (Focal Fossa) 
Machine:   Type: Laptop System: LENOVO product: 82JQ v: Lenovo Legion R9000P2021H serial: <filter> 
           Mobo: LENOVO model: LNVNB161216 v: SDK0T76479 WIN serial: <filter> UEFI: LENOVO v: GKCN65WW date: 01/16/2024 
Battery:   ID-1: BAT0 charge: 69.0 Wh condition: 69.0/80.0 Wh (86%) model: Celxpert L20C4PC1 status: Full 
           Device-1: hidpp_battery_0 model: Logitech MX Keys Wireless Keyboard charge: 100% (should be ignored) 
           status: Discharging 
           Device-2: hidpp_battery_1 model: Logitech Wireless Mouse MX Master 3 charge: 100% (should be ignored) 
           status: Discharging 
CPU:       Topology: 8-Core model: AMD Ryzen 7 5800H with Radeon Graphics bits: 64 type: MT MCP arch: Zen 3 L2 cache: 4096 KiB 
           flags: avx avx2 lm nx pae sse sse2 sse3 sse4_1 sse4_2 sse4a ssse3 svm bogomips: 102200 
           Speed: 2746 MHz max: 3200 MHz Core speeds (MHz): 1: 2746 2: 2573 3: 2815 4: 3029 5: 3040 6: 2687 7: 3179 8: 3194 
           9: 3166 10: 2892 11: 2997 12: 3134 13: 2886 14: 3030 15: 2755 16: 2600 
Graphics:  Device-1: NVIDIA vendor: Lenovo driver: nvidia v: 555.42.02 bus ID: 01:00.0 
           Display: x11 server: X.Org 1.20.13 driver: nvidia unloaded: fbdev,modesetting,nouveau,vesa 
           resolution: 2560x1440~60Hz, 2560x1600~60Hz 
           OpenGL: renderer: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3060 Laptop GPU/PCIe/SSE2 v: 4.6.0 NVIDIA 555.42.02 direct render: Yes 
Audio:     Device-1: NVIDIA driver: snd_hda_intel v: kernel bus ID: 01:00.1 
           Device-2: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] Raven/Raven2/FireFlight/Renoir Audio Processor vendor: Lenovo driver: N/A 
           bus ID: 06:00.5 
           Device-3: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] Family 17h HD Audio vendor: Lenovo driver: snd_hda_intel v: kernel 
           bus ID: 06:00.6 
           Sound Server: ALSA v: k5.15.0-131-generic 
Network:   Device-1: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet vendor: Lenovo driver: r8169 v: kernel port: 1000 
           bus ID: 03:00.0 
           IF: eno1 state: down mac: <filter> 
           Device-2: Intel Wi-Fi 6 AX200 driver: iwlwifi v: kernel port: 1000 bus ID: 04:00.0 
           IF: wlp4s0 state: up mac: <filter> 
           IF-ID-1: br-67610ac5d589 state: down mac: <filter> 
           IF-ID-2: br-7f68d848895d state: down mac: <filter> 
           IF-ID-3: docker0 state: down mac: <filter> 
Drives:    Local Storage: total: 1.38 TiB used: 855.52 GiB (60.7%) 
           ID-1: /dev/nvme0n1 vendor: Samsung model: MZVLB512HBJQ-000L2 size: 476.94 GiB temp: 32 C 
           ID-2: /dev/nvme1n1 vendor: Crucial model: CT1000P2SSD8 size: 931.51 GiB temp: 37 C 
           ID-3: /dev/sda type: USB model: SSK SSK Storage size: 931.51 GiB 
Partition: ID-1: / size: 915.32 GiB used: 855.52 GiB (93.5%) fs: ext4 dev: /dev/sda2 
Sensors:   System Temperatures: cpu: 54.0 C mobo: N/A gpu: nvidia temp: 43 C 
           Fan Speeds (RPM): N/A 
Info:      Processes: 455 Uptime: 21m Memory: 31.19 GiB used: 4.50 GiB (14.4%) Init: systemd runlevel: 5 Compilers: gcc: 9.4.0 
           Shell: zsh v: 5.8 inxi: 3.0.38

---

一、性能测试维度与工具

1. 磁盘读写性能测试

• 原因：移动硬盘的USB接口速度（如USB 3.0/3.2）和硬盘本身性能（如SATA/NVMe）直接影响系统响应速度。
• 工具：
  • fio（测试顺序/随机读写速度）：

    sudo apt-get install fio
    # 测试顺序读取（1GB文件，4K块大小）
    fio --name=seq_read --rw=read --size=1G --bs=4k --direct=1
    # 测试随机写入（1GB文件，4K块大小）
    fio --name=rand_write --rw=randwrite --size=1G --bs=4k --direct=1
    

  • hdparm（快速测试读取速度）：

    sudo hdparm -Tt /dev/sdX  # 替换sdX为移动硬盘设备名
    

• 对比项：与原系统（如内置SSD/HDD）的磁盘速度差异。

2. 系统启动与响应速度

• 启动时间：
  • 使用Ubuntu togo和原系统分别冷启动，记录从按下电源键到进入桌面的时间。
• 应用启动速度：
  • 测试常用软件（如Firefox、LibreOffice）的首次启动耗时：

    time firefox  # 记录终端输出的实际时间
    

3. CPU与内存性能

• 工具：
  • sysbench（综合性能测试）：

    # CPU测试（计算素数至20000）
    sysbench cpu --cpu-max-prime=20000 run
    # 内存测试（读写速度）
    sysbench memory --memory-block-size=1K --memory-total-size=10G run
    

  • Geekbench（跨平台跑分工具）：
    下载Linux/Windows版，分别运行并对比分数。

4. 图形与GPU性能（如适用）

• 工具：
  • glxgears（OpenGL基础性能）：

    glxgears  # 查看帧率（需安装mesa-utils）
    

  • Unigine Heaven（跨平台GPU压力测试）：
    在Ubuntu和原系统（如Windows）中运行，对比帧率与稳定性。

5. 实际场景测试

• 编译性能：

  # 编译Linux内核（对比耗时）
  time make -j$(nproc)  # 在相同项目目录下执行
  

• 文件压缩/解压：

  time tar -czf test.tar.gz /large_directory  # 压缩大文件夹
  time tar -xzf test.tar.gz  # 解压对比时间
  

---

二、注意事项与优化建议

1. 环境一致性：

   • 确保两台系统在同一硬件上测试（如使用同一台电脑启动Ubuntu togo和原系统）。
   • 关闭后台程序，避免干扰测试结果。

2. 移动硬盘性能瓶颈：

   • USB接口速度可能限制磁盘性能，优先使用USB 3.2或雷电接口。
   • 若使用U盘制作Ubuntu togo，性能可能显著低于移动硬盘。

3. 系统配置优化：

   • Ubuntu togo建议禁用swap分区（减少外置存储读写延迟）。
   • 检查驱动兼容性（如NVIDIA显卡需安装专有驱动）。

---

三、参考资料支持

• Ubuntu与硬件性能关系：
  • Ubuntu对英特尔CPU优化较好，可能优于Windows（参考）。
  • 移动硬盘性能对系统流畅度影响显著（参考）。
• 测试工具推荐：
  • sysbench和Geekbench为跨平台标准工具（参考）。

---

通过上述测试，您可以量化Ubuntu togo与原系统的性能差异，并针对性优化（如升级硬盘盒或接口）。若测试显示磁盘性能是瓶颈，可考虑更换NVMe硬盘盒或使用雷电接口设备。

四、测试结果与分析

4.1 Ubuntu togo性能测试结果分析(顺序读取测试)

# 测试顺序读取（1GB文件，4K块大小）
> fio --name=seq_read --rw=read --size=1G --bs=4k --direct=1

# 测试参数和全局信息
seq_read: (g=0): rw=read, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
- 测试名称：seq_read（顺序读取）。
- 读写模式：rw=read（顺序读）。
- 测试文件大小：--size=1G（生成1GB的测试文件）。
- 块大小：bs=4k（每次I/O操作读取4KB数据）。
- 直接I/O：direct=1（绕过系统缓存，直接读写磁盘）。
- I/O引擎：ioengine=psync（同步I/O，每次操作等待完成）。
- I/O队列深度：iodepth=1（每次只发1个I/O请求）。


fio-3.16
Starting 1 process
seq_read: Laying out IO file (1 file / 1024MiB)

# 测试进程和进度
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [R(1)][100.0%][r=46.9MiB/s][r=12.0k IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
- 进程数：1个进程执行测试。
- 实时带宽：r=46.9MiB/s（每秒读取46.9MiB）。
- 实时IOPS：r=12.0k（每秒12,000次I/O操作）。


seq_read: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=66537: Mon Mar 17 15:27:49 2025
  # 汇总性能指标
  read: IOPS=12.1k, BW=47.2MiB/s (49.5MB/s)(1024MiB/21702msec)
  - 平均IOPS：12.1k（每秒12,100次I/O操作）。
  - 平均带宽：47.2MiB/s（约49.5MB/s）。
  - 总数据量：1024MiB（1GB）在21702毫秒（约21.7秒）内完成。


	# 延迟（Latency）统计
    clat (usec): min=68, max=1252, avg=77.61, stdev= 7.45
     lat (usec): min=69, max=1253, avg=78.84, stdev= 7.47
     - 命令完成延迟（clat）：从I/O提交到完成的时间。
		- 最小值：68微秒（μs）。
		- 最大值：1252微秒。
		- 平均值：77.61微秒。
		- 标准差：7.45微秒（延迟波动小，性能稳定）。
	- 总延迟（lat）：包括I/O提交和完成的全部时间（与clat接近，因为队列深度为1）。


	# 延迟百分位数
    clat percentiles (usec):
     |  1.00th=[   73],  5.00th=[   74], 10.00th=[   75], 20.00th=[   75],
     | 30.00th=[   77], 40.00th=[   78], 50.00th=[   78], 60.00th=[   78],
     | 70.00th=[   78], 80.00th=[   79], 90.00th=[   80], 95.00th=[   84],
     | 99.00th=[   97], 99.50th=[  113], 99.90th=[  139], 99.95th=[  145],
     | 99.99th=[  359]
	- 99%的请求在97微秒内完成。
	- 99.99%的请求在359微秒内完成（极少延迟异常值）。
	
	
   # 带宽和IOPS波动
   bw (  KiB/s): min=47512, max=50008, per=100.00%, avg=48315.09, stdev=653.75, samples=43
   iops        : min=11878, max=12502, avg=12078.77, stdev=163.43, samples=43
   - 带宽波动：标准差653.75 KiB/s（波动小，性能稳定）。
   - IOPS波动：标准差163.43（波动小）。

  # 延迟分布
  lat (usec)   : 100=99.22%, 250=0.76%, 500=0.01%, 750=0.01%, 1000=0.01%
  - 99.22%的请求延迟小于100微秒。
  - 0.76%的请求延迟在100-250微秒之间。

  lat (msec)   : 2=0.01%

  
  # CPU和上下文切换  
  cpu          : usr=1.55%, sys=25.80%, ctx=262153, majf=0, minf=13
  - 用户态CPU占用：1.55%（处理I/O逻辑的开销）。
  - 内核态CPU占用：25.80%（系统处理I/O的消耗，因direct=1绕过缓存）。
  - 上下文切换次数：262153次（进程因I/O等待频繁切换）。

  # I/O队列深度和提交模式
  IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=262144,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1


Run status group 0 (all jobs):
   READ: bw=47.2MiB/s (49.5MB/s), 47.2MiB/s-47.2MiB/s (49.5MB/s-49.5MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=21702-21702msec

# 磁盘统计（sda）
Disk stats (read/write):
  sda: ios=261363/254, merge=0/92, ticks=17487/65, in_queue=17580, util=99.60%
  - 读取I/O次数：261363次。
  - 磁盘利用率：99.60%（磁盘接近满载，可能是性能瓶颈）。

4.2 Ubuntu togo性能测试结果分析(顺序写入测试)

> fio --name=rand_write --rw=randwrite --size=1G --bs=4k --direct=1
rand_write: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
fio-3.16
Starting 1 process
rand_write: Laying out IO file (1 file / 1024MiB)
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [w(1)][100.0%][w=41.0MiB/s][w=10.5k IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
rand_write: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=72630: Mon Mar 17 15:32:32 2025
  write: IOPS=10.3k, BW=40.1MiB/s (42.1MB/s)(1024MiB/25526msec); 0 zone resets
    clat (usec): min=67, max=2822, avg=91.72, stdev=20.23
     lat (usec): min=69, max=2823, avg=93.00, stdev=20.24
    clat percentiles (usec):
     |  1.00th=[   84],  5.00th=[   87], 10.00th=[   88], 20.00th=[   89],
     | 30.00th=[   90], 40.00th=[   90], 50.00th=[   90], 60.00th=[   91],
     | 70.00th=[   91], 80.00th=[   92], 90.00th=[   96], 95.00th=[  103],
     | 99.00th=[  120], 99.50th=[  130], 99.90th=[  157], 99.95th=[  176],
     | 99.99th=[ 1450]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=38792, max=42584, per=100.00%, avg=41076.47, stdev=701.75, samples=51
   iops        : min= 9698, max=10646, avg=10269.12, stdev=175.44, samples=51
  lat (usec)   : 100=93.36%, 250=6.61%, 500=0.01%, 750=0.01%, 1000=0.01%
  lat (msec)   : 2=0.01%, 4=0.01%
  cpu          : usr=2.05%, sys=35.85%, ctx=262236, majf=0, minf=11
  IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=0,262144,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
  WRITE: bw=40.1MiB/s (42.1MB/s), 40.1MiB/s-40.1MiB/s (42.1MB/s-42.1MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=25526-25526msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  sda: ios=21/261061, merge=0/2990, ticks=4/18037, in_queue=18076, util=99.67%

4.3 Ubuntu togo性能测试结果分析(hdparm测试)

> sudo hdparm -Tt /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
 Timing cached reads:   29112 MB in  1.97 seconds = 14742.02 MB/sec
 HDIO_DRIVE_CMD(identify) failed: Invalid argument
 Timing buffered disk reads: 2118 MB in  3.00 seconds = 705.36 MB/sec

4.4 Ubuntu togo性能测试结果分析(常用软件启动速度测试)

> time google-chrome
Opening in existing browser session.
google-chrome  0.02s user 0.03s system 67% cpu 0.074 total
> time code
code  0.17s user 0.10s system 62% cpu 0.418 total

4.5 Ubuntu togo性能测试结果分析(sysbench CPU性能测试)

> sysbench cpu --cpu-max-prime=20000 run
sysbench 1.0.18 (using system LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta3)

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1
Initializing random number generator from current time


Prime numbers limit: 20000

Initializing worker threads...

Threads started!

CPU speed:
    events per second:  1406.35

General statistics:
    total time:                          10.0003s
    total number of events:              14065

Latency (ms):
         min:                                    0.70
         avg:                                    0.71
         max:                                    0.87
         95th percentile:                        0.73
         sum:                                 9962.88

Threads fairness:
    events (avg/stddev):           14065.0000/0.00
    execution time (avg/stddev):   9.9629/0.00

4.6 Ubuntu togo性能测试结果分析(glxgears显卡性能测试)

> glxgears
Running synchronized to the vertical refresh.  The framerate should be
approximately the same as the monitor refresh rate.
301 frames in 5.0 seconds = 60.184 FPS
298 frames in 5.0 seconds = 59.549 FPS
300 frames in 5.0 seconds = 59.945 FPS
300 frames in 5.0 seconds = 59.957 FPS
297 frames in 5.0 seconds = 59.344 FPS
298 frames in 5.0 seconds = 59.541 FPS
299 frames in 5.0 seconds = 59.748 FPS

4.7 Ubuntu 原生性能测试结果分析(顺序读取测试)

不使用缓存

> fio --name=seq_read --rw=read --size=1G --bs=4k --direct=1
seq_read: (g=0): rw=read, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
fio-3.16
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [R(1)][100.0%][r=19.4MiB/s][r=4962 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
seq_read: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=61096: Mon Mar 17 17:07:07 2025
  read: IOPS=4928, BW=19.3MiB/s (20.2MB/s)(1024MiB/53191msec)
    clat (usec): min=67, max=3902, avg=196.99, stdev=40.80
     lat (usec): min=68, max=3904, avg=198.36, stdev=40.80
    clat percentiles (usec):
     |  1.00th=[   76],  5.00th=[   80], 10.00th=[  200], 20.00th=[  202],
     | 30.00th=[  204], 40.00th=[  204], 50.00th=[  204], 60.00th=[  206],
     | 70.00th=[  206], 80.00th=[  208], 90.00th=[  210], 95.00th=[  215],
     | 99.00th=[  225], 99.50th=[  231], 99.90th=[  251], 99.95th=[  314],
     | 99.99th=[ 2089]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=19160, max=19960, per=99.98%, avg=19708.53, stdev=143.02, samples=106
   iops        : min= 4790, max= 4990, avg=4927.13, stdev=35.75, samples=106
  lat (usec)   : 100=7.08%, 250=92.81%, 500=0.08%, 750=0.01%, 1000=0.01%
  lat (msec)   : 2=0.01%, 4=0.01%
  cpu          : usr=0.83%, sys=9.47%, ctx=262154, majf=0, minf=13
  IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=262144,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
   READ: bw=19.3MiB/s (20.2MB/s), 19.3MiB/s-19.3MiB/s (20.2MB/s-20.2MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=53191-53191msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  nvme1n1: ios=262660/758, merge=0/348, ticks=49055/119, in_queue=49230, util=99.91%

使用缓存

> fio --name=seq_read --rw=read --size=1G --bs=4k --direct=0
seq_read: (g=0): rw=read, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
fio-3.16
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1)
seq_read: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=62615: Mon Mar 17 17:07:40 2025
  read: IOPS=107k, BW=419MiB/s (439MB/s)(1024MiB/2446msec)
    clat (nsec): min=908, max=240603, avg=3853.35, stdev=10121.18
     lat (usec): min=2, max=242, avg= 5.18, stdev=10.13
    clat percentiles (usec):
     |  1.00th=[    3],  5.00th=[    3], 10.00th=[    3], 20.00th=[    3],
     | 30.00th=[    3], 40.00th=[    3], 50.00th=[    3], 60.00th=[    3],
     | 70.00th=[    3], 80.00th=[    3], 90.00th=[    3], 95.00th=[    3],
     | 99.00th=[   82], 99.50th=[   84], 99.90th=[   93], 99.95th=[  101],
     | 99.99th=[  114]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=423672, max=431584, per=99.96%, avg=428532.00, stdev=3395.69, samples=4
   iops        : min=105918, max=107896, avg=107133.00, stdev=848.92, samples=4
  lat (nsec)   : 1000=0.01%
  lat (usec)   : 2=0.75%, 4=96.96%, 10=0.62%, 20=0.06%, 50=0.03%
  lat (usec)   : 100=1.51%, 250=0.06%
  cpu          : usr=11.08%, sys=88.75%, ctx=244, majf=0, minf=11
  IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=262144,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
   READ: bw=419MiB/s (439MB/s), 419MiB/s-419MiB/s (439MB/s-439MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=2446-2446msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  nvme1n1: ios=4054/53, merge=0/3, ticks=1292/3, in_queue=1295, util=96.57%

4.8 Ubuntu togo性能测试结果分析(顺序写入测试)

不使用缓存

> fio --name=rand_write --rw=randwrite --size=1G --bs=4k --direct=1
rand_write: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
fio-3.16
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [w(1)][100.0%][w=130MiB/s][w=33.2k IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
rand_write: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=64849: Mon Mar 17 17:09:50 2025
  write: IOPS=32.6k, BW=127MiB/s (133MB/s)(1024MiB/8051msec); 0 zone resets
    clat (usec): min=19, max=10131, avg=24.96, stdev=29.84
     lat (usec): min=21, max=10133, avg=26.31, stdev=29.85
    clat percentiles (usec):
     |  1.00th=[   23],  5.00th=[   24], 10.00th=[   24], 20.00th=[   24],
     | 30.00th=[   24], 40.00th=[   24], 50.00th=[   24], 60.00th=[   25],
     | 70.00th=[   25], 80.00th=[   26], 90.00th=[   28], 95.00th=[   30],
     | 99.00th=[   35], 99.50th=[   40], 99.90th=[   45], 99.95th=[   50],
     | 99.99th=[  129]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=122536, max=133728, per=100.00%, avg=130236.38, stdev=3490.35, samples=16
   iops        : min=30634, max=33432, avg=32559.06, stdev=872.56, samples=16
  lat (usec)   : 20=0.01%, 50=99.95%, 100=0.03%, 250=0.01%, 500=0.01%
  lat (usec)   : 750=0.01%
  lat (msec)   : 4=0.01%, 10=0.01%, 20=0.01%
  cpu          : usr=5.53%, sys=63.63%, ctx=262120, majf=0, minf=9
  IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=0,262144,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
  WRITE: bw=127MiB/s (133MB/s), 127MiB/s-127MiB/s (133MB/s-133MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=8051-8051msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  nvme1n1: ios=105/256805, merge=0/38, ticks=27/3448, in_queue=3488, util=98.90%

使用缓存

> fio --name=rand_write --rw=randwrite --size=1G --bs=4k --direct=0
rand_write: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1
fio-3.16
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [w(1)][-.-%][w=320MiB/s][w=81.8k IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
rand_write: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=66363: Mon Mar 17 17:11:11 2025
  write: IOPS=82.2k, BW=321MiB/s (337MB/s)(1024MiB/3190msec); 0 zone resets
    clat (nsec): min=4679, max=66559, avg=6633.45, stdev=933.32
     lat (nsec): min=6076, max=67467, avg=7975.00, stdev=1020.52
    clat percentiles (nsec):
     |  1.00th=[ 5792],  5.00th=[ 6048], 10.00th=[ 6176], 20.00th=[ 6240],
     | 30.00th=[ 6240], 40.00th=[ 6304], 50.00th=[ 6368], 60.00th=[ 6624],
     | 70.00th=[ 6624], 80.00th=[ 6752], 90.00th=[ 7520], 95.00th=[ 7968],
     | 99.00th=[ 9024], 99.50th=[10048], 99.90th=[18048], 99.95th=[25216],
     | 99.99th=[31104]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=325840, max=329808, per=99.97%, avg=328616.00, stdev=1411.19, samples=6
   iops        : min=81460, max=82452, avg=82154.00, stdev=352.80, samples=6
  lat (usec)   : 10=99.52%, 20=0.41%, 50=0.07%, 100=0.01%
  cpu          : usr=9.25%, sys=90.66%, ctx=326, majf=0, minf=8
  IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=0,262144,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
  WRITE: bw=321MiB/s (337MB/s), 321MiB/s-321MiB/s (337MB/s-337MB/s), io=1024MiB (1074MB), run=3190-3190msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  nvme1n1: ios=65/567, merge=0/33, ticks=62/111, in_queue=174, util=6.33%

4.9 Ubuntu togo性能测试结果分析(hdparm测试)

> sudo hdparm -Tt /dev/nvme1n1p4

/dev/nvme1n1p4:
 Timing cached reads:   29206 MB in  1.98 seconds = 14784.34 MB/sec
 HDIO_DRIVE_CMD(identify) failed: Inappropriate ioctl for device
 Timing buffered disk reads: 1380 MB in  3.00 seconds = 459.71 MB/sec
> sudo hdparm -Tt /dev/nvme1n1p1

/dev/nvme1n1p1:
 Timing cached reads:   29000 MB in  1.98 seconds = 14679.55 MB/sec
 HDIO_DRIVE_CMD(identify) failed: Inappropriate ioctl for device
 Timing buffered disk reads:  14 MB in  0.01 seconds = 1473.84 MB/sec

4.10 Ubuntu togo性能测试结果分析(常用软件启动速度测试)

> time google-chrome
Opening in existing browser session.
google-chrome  0.02s user 0.02s system 58% cpu 0.068 total
> time code
code  0.17s user 0.09s system 47% cpu 0.557 total

4.11 Ubuntu togo性能测试结果分析(sysbench CPU性能测试)

> sysbench cpu --cpu-max-prime=20000 run
sysbench 1.0.18 (using system LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta3)

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1
Initializing random number generator from current time


Prime numbers limit: 20000

Initializing worker threads...

Threads started!

CPU speed:
    events per second:  1399.10

General statistics:
    total time:                          10.0007s
    total number of events:              13993

Latency (ms):
         min:                                    0.70
         avg:                                    0.71
         max:                                    1.30
         95th percentile:                        0.73
         sum:                                 9960.00

Threads fairness:
    events (avg/stddev):           13993.0000/0.00
    execution time (avg/stddev):   9.9600/0.00

4.12 Ubuntu togo性能测试结果分析(glxgears显卡性能测试)

> glxgears
Running synchronized to the vertical refresh.  The framerate should be
approximately the same as the monitor refresh rate.
298 frames in 5.0 seconds = 59.587 FPS
300 frames in 5.0 seconds = 59.953 FPS
300 frames in 5.0 seconds = 59.936 FPS
299 frames in 5.0 seconds = 59.750 FPS
299 frames in 5.0 seconds = 59.752 FPS
300 frames in 5.0 seconds = 59.944 FPS
300 frames in 5.0 seconds = 59.956 FPS