【Dart】1、Dart 环境配置

语雀原文链接

1、Dart开发环境搭建

第一步：安装chocolatey

• Dart SDK下载，官网教程：https://chocolatey.org/install
• 以管理员身份运行Power Shell，并运行截图中的命令

Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force; [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol -bor 3072; iex ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://community.chocolatey.org/install.ps1'))

• 运行后输入choco，就可以看到版本号，证明chocolatey安装成功

PS C:\Windows\system32> Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force; [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol -bor 3072; iex ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://community.chocolatey.org/install.ps1'))
Forcing web requests to allow TLS v1.2 (Required for requests to Chocolatey.org)
Getting latest version of the Chocolatey package for download.
Not using proxy.
Getting Chocolatey from https://community.chocolatey.org/api/v2/package/chocolatey/2.5.1.
Downloading https://community.chocolatey.org/api/v2/package/chocolatey/2.5.1 to C:\Users\chunw\AppData\Local\Temp\chocolatey\chocoInstall\chocolatey.zip
Not using proxy.
Extracting C:\Users\chunw\AppData\Local\Temp\chocolatey\chocoInstall\chocolatey.zip to C:\Users\chunw\AppData\Local\Temp\chocolatey\chocoInstall
Installing Chocolatey on the local machine
Creating ChocolateyInstall as an environment variable (targeting 'Machine')Setting ChocolateyInstall to 'C:\ProgramData\chocolatey'
WARNING: It's very likely you will need to close and reopen your shellbefore you can use choco.
Restricting write permissions to Administrators
We are setting up the Chocolatey package repository.
The packages themselves go to 'C:\ProgramData\chocolatey\lib'(i.e. C:\ProgramData\chocolatey\lib\yourPackageName).
A shim file for the command line goes to 'C:\ProgramData\chocolatey\bin'and points to an executable in 'C:\ProgramData\chocolatey\lib\yourPackageName'.Creating Chocolatey CLI folders if they do not already exist.chocolatey.nupkg file not installed in lib.Attempting to locate it from bootstrapper.
PATH environment variable does not have C:\ProgramData\chocolatey\bin in it. Adding...
警告: Not setting tab completion: Profile file does not exist at
'C:\Users\chunw\Documents\WindowsPowerShell\Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1'.
Chocolatey CLI (choco.exe) is now ready.
You can call choco from anywhere, command line or PowerShell by typing choco.
Run choco /? for a list of functions.
You may need to shut down and restart PowerShell and/or consolesfirst prior to using choco.
Ensuring Chocolatey commands are on the path
Ensuring chocolatey.nupkg is in the lib folder
PS C:\Windows\system32>
PS C:\Windows\system32> choco
Chocolatey v2.5.1
Please run 'choco --help' or 'choco <command> --help' for help menu.

第二步：安装Dart SDK

• 安装成功后，在C:\tools\dart-sdk目录下
• dart --version ： 查看版本号，这里是3.9.4

PS C:\Windows\system32> choco install dart-sdk
Chocolatey v2.5.1
Installing the following packages:
dart-sdk
By installing, you accept licenses for the packages.
Downloading package from source 'https://community.chocolatey.org/api/v2/'
Progress: Downloading dart-sdk 3.9.4... 100%dart-sdk v3.9.4 [Approved]
dart-sdk package files install completed. Performing other installation steps.
The package dart-sdk wants to run 'chocolateyInstall.ps1'.
Note: If you don't run this script, the installation will fail.
Note: To confirm automatically next time, use '-y' or consider:
choco feature enable -n allowGlobalConfirmation
Do you want to run the script?([Y]es/[A]ll scripts/[N]o/[P]rint):Timeout or your choice of '' is not a valid selection.
You must select an answer
Do you want to run the script?([Y]es/[A]ll scripts/[N]o/[P]rint): YPATH environment variable does not have C:\tools\dart-sdk\bin in it. Adding...
PATH environment variable does not have C:\Users\chunw\AppData\Local\Pub\Cache\bin in it. Adding...
Downloading dart-sdk 64 bitfrom 'https://storage.googleapis.com/dart-archive/channels/stable/release/3.9.4/sdk/dartsdk-windows-x64-release.zip'
Progress: 100% - Completed download of C:\Users\chunw\AppData\Local\Temp\dart-sdk\3.9.4\dartsdk-windows-x64-release.zip (202.93 MB).
Download of dartsdk-windows-x64-release.zip (202.93 MB) completed.
Hashes match.
Extracting C:\Users\chunw\AppData\Local\Temp\dart-sdk\3.9.4\dartsdk-windows-x64-release.zip to C:\tools...
C:\tools
Environment Vars (like PATH) have changed. Close/reopen your shell tosee the changes (or in powershell/cmd.exe just type `refreshenv`).The install of dart-sdk was successful.Deployed to 'C:\tools'Chocolatey installed 1/1 packages.See the log for details (C:\ProgramData\chocolatey\logs\chocolatey.log).PS C:\Users\chunw> dart --version
Dart SDK version: 3.9.4 (stable) (Tue Sep 30 12:08:50 2025 -0700) on "windows_x64"

第三步：新建Dart项目

• 新建Dart项目，并创建一个Main.dart文件

• main方法

main(List<String> arguments) {print('Hello world!');
}

2、Dart 作用

构建跨平台移动应用（通过Flutter）

• 这是 Dart 语言当前最耀眼、最成功的应用领域。Flutter 是 Google 推出的一个开源 UI 工具包，它使用 Dart 语言，可以用一套代码库来构建高性能、原生界面流畅的 iOS 和 Android 应用。

1. “一次编写，处处运行”：开发者无需分别用 Swift/Kotlin 写两套代码，极大地提升了开发效率，降低了成本。
2. 高性能：Dart 代码可以被编译为原生 ARM 机器码，应用性能接近原生应用，体验非常流畅。
3. 丰富的 UI 组件：Flutter 提供了一套丰富的、可定制化的 Material Design 和 Cupertino 风格的组件。
4. 热重载：这是 Flutter 开发中一个革命性的功能。修改代码后可以立即看到效果，而无需重启应用，极大地加快了开发调试周期。

Web开发

• Dart 也可以用于构建 Web 应用。

1. Dart Web 编译器：Dart 代码可以被编译成高效的 JavaScript，从而在任何现代浏览器中运行。
2. 框架支持：
   • Flutter Web：使用 Flutter 框架构建的同一套代码，可以编译成 Web 应用，在浏览器中运行。这实现了真正的跨平台（移动端、Web 端、桌面端）代码共享。
   • AngularDart：虽然不如 Flutter 流行，但 AngularDart 是一个成熟且强大的框架，用于构建大型、复杂的前端 Web 应用（例如 Google 内部的许多关键产品，如 Google Fiber 后台）。

桌面和嵌入式应用

• 随着 Flutter 的发展，其应用范围已经扩展到了桌面和嵌入式设备。
• 桌面应用：Flutter 现在稳定支持 Windows、macOS 和 Linux 平台的桌面应用开发。你可以用 Dart 语言编写桌面应用程序，拥有与移动端同样出色的性能和用户体验。
• 嵌入式设备：Flutter 正在探索在汽车、智能家居等嵌入式设备上的应用，为这些设备提供现代化的用户界面。

服务端/后端开发

• Dart 不仅仅局限于前端，它也可以用于编写服务器端应用。

1. Dart on the Server：你可以使用 Dart 来创建命令行脚本、服务器和 API。
2. 框架支持：有像 shelf 这样的轻量级框架来帮助构建后端服务。
3. 优势：对于已经熟悉 Dart 的 Flutter 开发者来说，他们可以用同一种语言来编写全栈应用（前端 Flutter + 后端 Dart 服务），减少了上下文切换和学习成本。

3、Dart学习网站

• 官网：https://dart.cn/