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Vlan-ACCESS接口+Trunk接口

news 2025/10/24 10:42:08

Vlan-ACCESS接口+Trunk接口

拓扑图：

配置需求：

将PC1和PC3划分到vlan10中，使得PC1和PC3通信，PC2和PC4同理

配置命令：

PC配置IP地址

交换机划分Vlan

注：交换机是二层设备，是没有给接口划分IP地址的功能，只能通过划分vlan的形式，绑定到接口中

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys SW1
[SW1]         
Oct 22 2025 12:48:13-08:00 SW1 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 6, the change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.     
[SW1]vlan ba
[SW1]vlan batch 10 20
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.
[SW1]int
Oct 22 2025 12:48:23-08:00 SW1 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 7, the change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095. g0
[SW1]int g0/0/1
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port de
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port ? add-tag        Add outer tag based on acl discard        Discardhybrid         Hybrid portlink-flap      Link flap link-type      Switch port link typemux-vlan       Multiplex vlanpriority       Specify current port's prioritytype           Type vlan-mapping   VLAN Mappingvlan-stacking  VLAN Stacking[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port t
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port lin  
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link--
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link- 
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-t    
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type ac
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access 
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port de
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 10
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]dis th
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1port link-type accessport default vlan 10
#
return
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port l
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-t
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type ac
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access 
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port def
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 20
Oct 22 2025 12:53:53-08:00 SW1 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 10, the change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 20
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dis th
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2port link-type accessport default vlan 20
#
return

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys SW2
[SW2]int g0/0/1
Oct 22 2025 13:01:54-08:00 SW2 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 4, the change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q 
[SW2]vlan b
[SW2]vlan batch 10 20
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.
[SW2]int g0/0/1      
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
Oct 22 2025 13:02:04-08:00 SW2 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 5, the change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port lin
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-t
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type ac
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access 
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]po
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port def
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 10
Oct 22 2025 13:02:14-08:00 SW2 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 6, the change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]dis th  
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1port link-type accessport default vlan 10
#
return
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
Oct 22 2025 13:02:24-08:00 SW2 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 7, the change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port l
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-t 
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type ac
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access 
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port de
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vla
Oct 22 2025 13:02:34-08:00 SW2 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 8, the change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.n 20
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 20
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dis th
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2port link-type accessport default vlan 20
#
return

给相应主机配置完地址后，需要将交换机之间也进行接口配置

配置交换机之间trunk

<SW1>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[SW1]int g0/0/3
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port lin
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link--
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-t
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type t
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type trunk 
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]po   
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port ?add-tag        Add outer tag based on acl discard        Discardlink-flap      Link flap link-type      Switch port link typemux-vlan       Multiplex vlanpriority       Specify current port's prioritytrunk          Trunk porttype           Type vlan-mapping   VLAN Mappingvlan-stacking  VLAN Stacking[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port t
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port trunk ?allow-pass  Allowed vlanpvid        Specify current port's PVID VLAN characteristics[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port trunk al
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port trunk allow-pass ?vlan  Virtual LAN[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20

<SW2>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[SW2]int g0/0/3
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port lin
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-t
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type t
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type trunk 
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]pot t
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port 
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]portswitch
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port t         
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port trunk al
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port trunk allow-pass 
Oct 22 2025 13:29:35-08:00 SW2 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 10, the change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20

测试通信

Vlan10

<SW1>dis mac
<SW1>dis mac-ad
<SW1>dis mac-address 
MAC address table of slot 0:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MAC Address    VLAN/       PEVLAN CEVLAN Port            Type      LSP/LSR-ID  VSI/SI                                              MAC-Tunnel  
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5489-98fc-7783 10          -      -      GE0/0/1         dynamic   0/-         
5489-9853-0f27 10          -      -      GE0/0/3         dynamic   0/-         
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total matching items on slot 0 displayed = 2

Vlan 20

<SW1>dis mac-address 
MAC address table of slot 0:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MAC Address    VLAN/       PEVLAN CEVLAN Port            Type      LSP/LSR-ID  VSI/SI                                              MAC-Tunnel  
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5489-987f-7b5a 20          -      -      GE0/0/3         dynamic   0/-         
5489-9828-63b6 20          -      -      GE0/0/2         dynamic   0/-         
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total matching items on slot 0 displayed = 2

总结：

access 类型：接收一个无vlan标识的数据帧，打上该接口绑定的标识进行转发，如绑定了vlan10，则发送时带有vlan ID 10的字样

trunk 类型：接收一个带有vlan标识的数据帧，转发到一样vlan 标识的数据帧中，进行转发，如果接收到的是无vlan标识的数据帧，则会根据默认的vlan标识进行转发，trunk接口的默认vlan标识是vlan 1，在没有特定指定时，为带有vlan标识的数据帧会以vlan 1标识转发

注：默认没有配置vlan的接口，默认是hybrid接口类型，默认的vlan ID 是 1

当PC之间进行通信时，会发送arp广播，而Vlan的作用是隔离不同Vlan之间的广播域泛洪，交换机会在PC泛洪发送广播的时候，对发送的mac地址进行记录，默认记录时间为五分钟，超时则去除这条mac地址记录

未知单播帧：当一个mac地址没有在交换机中进行记录时，这时发送的单播帧就是未知单播帧，交换机会进行泛洪去寻找目的mac地址

注：一个接口只能绑定有一个mac地址

使用命令：

管理视图下：

vlan batch 10 20

批量创建vlan，单独使用vlan id号则是创建一个vlan，使用batch可以进行批量创建vlan的操作

也可vlan batch 10-20 这样是创建10到20的vlan

[SW1]vlan ?

INTEGER<1-4094> VLAN ID

batch Batch process

[SW1]vlan b

[SW1]vlan batch ?

INTEGER<1-4094> VLAN ID

接口视图下：

port link-type access

配置该接口类型为access

[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type ?

access Access port

dot1q-tunnel QinQ port

hybrid Hybrid port

trunk Trunk port

接口视图下：

port default vlan 10

绑定一个vlan到该接口下

[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default ?

vlan Virtual LAN

用户视图下：

dis mac-address

查看当前交换机的mac地址表，会记录IP的地址，以及对应的接口

<SW1>dis mac-address

MAC address table of slot 0:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MAC Address VLAN/ PEVLAN CEVLAN Port Type LSP/LSR-ID

VSI/SI MAC-Tunnel

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5489-98fc-7783 10 - - GE0/0/1 dynamic 0/-

5489-9853-0f27 10 - - GE0/0/3 dynamic 0/-

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total matching items on slot 0 displayed = 2

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