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HarmonyOS 5 鸿蒙多设备适配与分布式开发指南

news 2025/10/22 12:38:45

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引言

在万物互联的时代，单一设备已无法满足用户多样化的使用需求。鸿蒙系统作为面向全场景的分布式操作系统，其核心优势在于多设备协同和分布式能力。通过分布式软总线、分布式数据管理、分布式任务调度等技术，鸿蒙系统实现了设备间的无缝连接和资源共享。本文将深入解析鸿蒙多设备适配的核心技术、分布式开发模式以及最佳实践，帮助开发者构建真正意义上的全场景应用。

一、多设备适配核心概念（先搞懂 “适配什么”）

多设备适配的核心是 “按需提供功能与 UI”，而非 “一套代码跑所有设备”。鸿蒙将设备按能力分为四级，每级适配重点不同。

1.1 设备类型与能力分级

鸿蒙系统支持多种设备类型，每种设备具有不同的硬件能力和使用场景：

设备类型硬件能力系统能力适配重点典型场景
手机 / 平板高性能 CPU、大内存、多传感器完整 ArkUI、后台任务、多窗口1. 响应式布局（手机单列 / 平板双列）2. 复杂动画与交互社交、电商、办公
智慧屏 / 车机大屏显示、远场语音、触控 / 遥控大屏 ArkUI、焦点导航、多设备投屏1. 大屏布局（减少滚动）2. 遥控 / 语音交互视频播放、车载导航
穿戴设备小屏（1-2 英寸）、低功耗 CPU、传感器轻量 ArkUI、健康服务、低功耗管理1. 极简 UI（单屏 1-2 个核心功能）2. 省电优化健康监测、消息提醒
IoT 设备资源受限（如仅按键 + 小屏）、低功耗轻量系统、专用服务（如照明控制）1. 无 UI / 极简 UI2. 指令式交互（如按键控制）智能灯、温湿度传感器

1.2 响应式设计原则

鸿蒙应用需要遵循响应式设计原则，确保在不同设备上都能提供良好的用户体验：


// 响应式布局管理器class ResponsiveLayoutManager {private deviceType: DeviceType;private screenInfo: ScreenInfo;constructor() {this.deviceType = this.detectDeviceType();this.screenInfo = this.getScreenInfo();}// 根据设备类型获取布局配置getLayoutConfig(): LayoutConfig {switch (this.deviceType) {case DeviceType.PHONE:return this.getPhoneLayout();case DeviceType.TABLET:return this.getTabletLayout();case DeviceType.WEARABLE:return this.getWearableLayout();case DeviceType.TV:return this.getTVLayout();default:return this.getDefaultLayout();}}// 手机布局配置private getPhoneLayout(): LayoutConfig {return {columns: 1,spacing: 16,padding: { left: 16, right: 16, top: 8, bottom: 8 },breakpoints: [320, 480, 720]};}// 平板布局配置private getTabletLayout(): LayoutConfig {return {columns: 2,spacing: 24,padding: { left: 24, right: 24, top: 16, bottom: 16 },breakpoints: [600, 840, 1200]};}// 穿戴设备布局配置private getWearableLayout(): LayoutConfig {return {columns: 1,spacing: 8,padding: { left: 8, right: 8, top: 4, bottom: 4 },breakpoints: [200, 240, 280]};}}// 响应式组件@Componentstruct ResponsiveContainer {@State currentLayout: LayoutConfig;private layoutManager: ResponsiveLayoutManager;aboutToAppear() {this.layoutManager = new ResponsiveLayoutManager();this.currentLayout = this.layoutManager.getLayoutConfig();}build() {Column({ space: this.currentLayout.spacing }) {// 根据设备类型显示不同的内容if (this.layoutManager.deviceType === DeviceType.PHONE) {this.buildPhoneUI()} else if (this.layoutManager.deviceType === DeviceType.TABLET) {this.buildTabletUI()} else if (this.layoutManager.deviceType === DeviceType.WEARABLE) {this.buildWearableUI()}}.padding(this.currentLayout.padding)}@Builder buildPhoneUI() {// 手机UI构建Column() {Text('手机界面').fontSize(18).fontWeight(FontWeight.Medium)// 手机特定的UI组件}}@Builder buildTabletUI() {// 平板UI构建Row() {Column({ space: 16 }) {Text('侧边栏').fontSize(16)// 平板特有的侧边栏内容}.width('30%')Column({ space: 16 }) {Text('主内容区').fontSize(18)// 平板主内容区}.width('70%')}}@Builder buildWearableUI() {// 穿戴设备UI构建Column() {Text('穿戴界面').fontSize(14)// 穿戴设备简化的UI组件}}}

1.3 适配避坑指南

坑点现象原因解决方案
用固定像素写尺寸穿戴设备按钮超出屏幕，平板留白过多未考虑设备屏幕尺寸差异（如穿戴 200px vs 平板 800px）用rpx或资源限定词（如$r('app.float.button_width')），避免px
功能未做能力判断无相机设备闪退（调用相机 API）假设所有设备都有相机能力用deviceCapabilities.hasCapability('camera')判断，无能力则隐藏功能
忽视穿戴设备省电穿戴设备续航从 1 天变 4 小时频繁刷新 UI、复杂动画消耗电量1. 减少 UI 刷新频率（如步数 5 分钟更一次）2. 禁用复杂动画

二、分布式能力核心架构

分布式开发的核心是 “设备间能发现、能通信、能同步数据”，鸿蒙通过 “分布式软总线”“分布式数据管理”“分布式任务调度” 三大组件实现。

2.1 分布式软总线

img

分布式软总线是鸿蒙系统实现设备间通信的基础设施：


import { distributedBus } from '@kit.DistributedServiceKit';// 分布式设备管理器class DistributedDeviceManager {private deviceList: Map<string, DeviceInfo> = new Map();private listeners: Array<(device: DeviceInfo, action: 'add' | 'remove') => void> = [];constructor() {this.initializeDistributedBus();}// 初始化分布式软总线private initializeDistributedBus(): void {try {// 注册设备发现监听器distributedBus.registerDeviceListChangeListener({onDeviceAdd: (device) => {console.info('Device added:', device.deviceId);this.handleDeviceAdd(device);},onDeviceRemove: (device) => {console.info('Device removed:', device.deviceId);this.handleDeviceRemove(device);}});// 开始设备发现distributedBus.startDeviceDiscovery();console.info('Distributed bus initialized successfully');} catch (error) {console.error('Failed to initialize distributed bus:', error);}}// 处理设备添加private handleDeviceAdd(device: distributedBus.DeviceInfo): void {const deviceInfo: DeviceInfo = {id: device.deviceId,name: device.deviceName,type: this.mapDeviceType(device.deviceType),capabilities: this.parseCapabilities(device.capabilities),isTrusted: device.isTrusted};this.deviceList.set(device.deviceId, deviceInfo);// 通知监听器this.listeners.forEach(listener => {listener(deviceInfo, 'add');});}// 处理设备移除private handleDeviceRemove(device: distributedBus.DeviceInfo): void {const deviceInfo = this.deviceList.get(device.deviceId);if (deviceInfo) {this.deviceList.delete(device.deviceId);// 通知监听器this.listeners.forEach(listener => {listener(deviceInfo, 'remove');});}}// 获取可用设备列表getAvailableDevices(): DeviceInfo[] {return Array.from(this.deviceList.values());}// 添加设备监听器addDeviceListener(listener: (device: DeviceInfo, action: 'add' | 'remove') => void): void {this.listeners.push(listener);}// 移除设备监听器removeDeviceListener(listener: (device: DeviceInfo, action: 'add' | 'remove') => void): void {const index = this.listeners.indexOf(listener);if (index > -1) {this.listeners.splice(index, 1);}}}interface DeviceInfo {id: string;name: string;type: DeviceType;capabilities: DeviceCapability[];isTrusted: boolean;}enum DeviceType {PHONE = 'phone',TABLET = 'tablet',WEARABLE = 'wearable',TV = 'tv',CAR = 'car',IOT = 'iot'}enum DeviceCapability {DISPLAY = 'display',CAMERA = 'camera',MICROPHONE = 'microphone',SPEAKER = 'speaker',STORAGE = 'storage',COMPUTE = 'compute'}

2.2 分布式数据管理

跨设备数据同步的核心痛点是 “数据冲突”（如手机和平板同时修改同一数据），鸿蒙 KVStore 提供冲突解决机制，以下是分布式数据管理实现设备间数据的无缝同步：


import { distributedData, relationalStore } from '@kit.DistributedDataKit';// 分布式数据管理器class DistributedDataManager {private kvManager: distributedData.KVManager | null = null;private rdbStore: relationalStore.RdbStore | null = null;constructor() {this.initializeDistributedData();}// 初始化分布式数据private async initializeDistributedData(): Promise<void> {try {// 初始化KV存储const config: distributedData.KVManagerConfig = {bundleName: 'com.example.myapp',context: getContext(this)};this.kvManager = distributedData.createKVManager(config);// 初始化关系型数据库const storeConfig: relationalStore.StoreConfig = {name: 'distributed_db.db',securityLevel: relationalStore.SecurityLevel.S1};this.rdbStore = await relationalStore.getRdbStore(getContext(this), storeConfig);console.info('Distributed data initialized successfully');} catch (error) {console.error('Failed to initialize distributed data:', error);}}// 同步KV数据async syncKVData(key: string, value: any, devices: string[]): Promise<void> {if (!this.kvManager) {throw new Error('KV manager not initialized');}try {const kvStore = await this.kvManager.getKVStore('my_kv_store', {createIfMissing: true});// 设置数据await kvStore.put(key, value);// 同步到指定设备if (devices.length > 0) {await kvStore.sync(devices, distributedData.SyncMode.PUSH_ONLY);}console.info(`KV data synced: ${key} = ${value}`);} catch (error) {console.error('Failed to sync KV data:', error);throw error;}}// 分布式数据库操作async syncDatabaseData(table: string, data: any, devices: string[]): Promise<void> {if (!this.rdbStore) {throw new Error('RDB store not initialized');}try {// 插入或更新数据await this.rdbStore.insert(table, data);// 同步到其他设备if (devices.length > 0) {await this.rdbStore.sync(devices, relationalStore.SyncMode.PUSH_ONLY);}console.info(`Database data synced to table: ${table}`);} catch (error) {console.error('Failed to sync database data:', error);throw error;}}// 监听数据变化async watchDataChanges(callback: (changes: DataChange[]) => void): Promise<void> {if (!this.kvManager) {throw new Error('KV manager not initialized');}try {const kvStore = await this.kvManager.getKVStore('my_kv_store');// 注册数据变化监听器kvStore.on('dataChange', (data: distributedData.ChangeData) => {const changes: DataChange[] = data.insertEntries.map(entry => ({type: 'insert',key: entry.key,value: entry.value}));callback(changes);});console.info('Data change watching started');} catch (error) {console.error('Failed to watch data changes:', error);throw error;}}}interface DataChange {type: 'insert' | 'update' | 'delete';key: string;value?: any;}

三、多设备适配最佳实践

3.1 资源适配策略

鸿蒙应用需要针对不同设备类型提供适配的资源文件：


// resources目录结构resources/├── base/│   ├── element/           # 基础元素定义│   ├── media/            # 基础媒体资源│   └── profile/          # 基础配置文件├── phone/│   ├── element/          # 手机专用元素│   ├── media/           # 手机专用图片│   └── layout/          # 手机布局文件├── tablet/│   ├── element/          # 平板专用元素│   ├── media/           # 平板专用图片│   └── layout/          # 平板布局文件└── wearable/├── element/          # 穿戴设备专用元素├── media/           # 穿戴设备专用图片└── layout/          # 穿戴设备布局文件

3.2 能力差异化处理

根据不同设备的能力差异提供不同的功能实现：


// 设备能力管理器class DeviceCapabilityManager {private deviceInfo: DeviceInfo;constructor(deviceInfo: DeviceInfo) {this.deviceInfo = deviceInfo;}// 检查设备是否支持特定能力hasCapability(capability: DeviceCapability): boolean {return this.deviceInfo.capabilities.includes(capability);}// 获取设备推荐的功能配置getRecommendedFeatures(): FeatureConfig {const baseFeatures: FeatureConfig = {enableHighGraphics: this.hasCapability(DeviceCapability.DISPLAY),enableCameraFeatures: this.hasCapability(DeviceCapability.CAMERA),enableAudioProcessing: this.hasCapability(DeviceCapability.MICROPHONE) &&this.hasCapability(DeviceCapability.SPEAKER),enableLocalStorage: this.hasCapability(DeviceCapability.STORAGE),enableHeavyComputation: this.hasCapability(DeviceCapability.COMPUTE)};// 根据设备类型调整功能配置switch (this.deviceInfo.type) {case DeviceType.PHONE:return {...baseFeatures,enableMultiWindow: true,enableRichAnimations: true,enableBackgroundTasks: true};case DeviceType.WEARABLE:return {...baseFeatures,enableMultiWindow: false,enableRichAnimations: false,enableBackgroundTasks: false,enableBatteryOptimization: true};case DeviceType.TV:return {...baseFeatures,enableMultiWindow: true,enableRichAnimations: true,enableRemoteControl: true};default:return baseFeatures;}}// 获取设备特定的UI配置getDeviceUIConfig(): UIConfig {switch (this.deviceInfo.type) {case DeviceType.PHONE:return {fontSize: 16,spacing: 16,buttonSize: 'medium',navigationType: 'bottom_tabs'};case DeviceType.TABLET:return {fontSize: 18,spacing: 24,buttonSize: 'large',navigationType: 'side_menu'};case DeviceType.WEARABLE:return {fontSize: 14,spacing: 8,buttonSize: 'small',navigationType: 'swipe'};case DeviceType.TV:return {fontSize: 20,spacing: 32,buttonSize: 'xlarge',navigationType: 'focus_flow'};default:return {fontSize: 16,spacing: 16,buttonSize: 'medium',navigationType: 'bottom_tabs'};}}}interface FeatureConfig {enableHighGraphics: boolean;enableCameraFeatures: boolean;enableAudioProcessing: boolean;enableLocalStorage: boolean;enableHeavyComputation: boolean;enableMultiWindow?: boolean;enableRichAnimations?: boolean;enableBackgroundTasks?: boolean;enableBatteryOptimization?: boolean;enableRemoteControl?: boolean;}interface UIConfig {fontSize: number;spacing: number;buttonSize: 'small' | 'medium' | 'large' | 'xlarge';navigationType: 'bottom_tabs' | 'side_menu' | 'swipe' | 'focus_flow';}

四、分布式任务调度

4.1 跨设备任务分发

鸿蒙系统支持将任务分发到最适合的设备上执行：


import { distributedMissionManager } from '@kit.DistributedScheduleKit';// 分布式任务管理器class DistributedTaskManager {private deviceManager: DistributedDeviceManager;constructor(deviceManager: DistributedDeviceManager) {this.deviceManager = deviceManager;}// 分发计算任务async distributeComputeTask(task: ComputeTask): Promise<string> {const availableDevices = this.deviceManager.getAvailableDevices();// 选择最适合的设备const targetDevice = this.selectBestDeviceForTask(task, availableDevices);if (!targetDevice) {throw new Error('No suitable device found for task');}try {// 启动远程任务const missionId = await distributedMissionManager.startRemoteAbility({deviceId: targetDevice.id,bundleName: 'com.example.myapp',abilityName: 'ComputeAbility',parameters: {taskType: task.type,taskData: task.data,taskId: task.id}});console.info(`Task distributed to device: ${targetDevice.name}, mission ID: ${missionId}`);return missionId;} catch (error) {console.error('Failed to distribute task:', error);throw error;}}// 选择最适合任务的设备private selectBestDeviceForTask(task: ComputeTask, devices: DeviceInfo[]): DeviceInfo | null {let bestDevice: DeviceInfo | null = null;let bestScore = -1;for (const device of devices) {const score = this.calculateDeviceScore(device, task);if (score > bestScore) {bestScore = score;bestDevice = device;}}return bestDevice;}// 计算设备得分private calculateDeviceScore(device: DeviceInfo, task: ComputeTask): number {let score = 0;// 根据任务需求评分if (task.requiresHighPerformance && device.capabilities.includes(DeviceCapability.COMPUTE)) {score += 50;}if (task.requiresLargeStorage && device.capabilities.includes(DeviceCapability.STORAGE)) {score += 30;}if (task.requiresDisplay && device.capabilities.includes(DeviceCapability.DISPLAY)) {score += 20;}// 信任设备加分if (device.isTrusted) {score += 10;}return score;}// 监控任务状态async monitorTaskStatus(missionId: string): Promise<TaskStatus> {try {const missionInfo = await distributedMissionManager.getMissionInfo(missionId);return {missionId: missionInfo.missionId,state: missionInfo.state,progress: missionInfo.parameters?.progress || 0,result: missionInfo.parameters?.result};} catch (error) {console.error('Failed to get task status:', error);throw error;}}}interface ComputeTask {id: string;type: 'image_processing' | 'data_analysis' | 'model_inference';data: any;requiresHighPerformance: boolean;requiresLargeStorage: boolean;requiresDisplay: boolean;}interface TaskStatus {missionId: string;state: 'running' | 'completed' | 'failed' | 'cancelled';progress: number;result?: any;}

4.2 设备协同工作流

实现多设备间的协同工作流程：


// 协同工作流管理器class CollaborativeWorkflowManager {private taskManager: DistributedTaskManager;private dataManager: DistributedDataManager;constructor(taskManager: DistributedTaskManager, dataManager: DistributedDataManager) {this.taskManager = taskManager;this.dataManager = dataManager;}// 启动跨设备图片处理工作流async startImageProcessingWorkflow(imageData: Uint8Array): Promise<string> {const workflowId = this.generateWorkflowId();try {// 步骤1: 在手机上进行图片预处理const preprocessTask: ComputeTask = {id: `${workflowId}_preprocess`,type: 'image_processing',data: { imageData, operation: 'preprocess' },requiresHighPerformance: true,requiresLargeStorage: false,requiresDisplay: false};const preprocessMissionId = await this.taskManager.distributeComputeTask(preprocessTask);// 步骤2: 在平板上进行图片编辑const editTask: ComputeTask = {id: `${workflowId}_edit`,type: 'image_processing',data: { operation: 'edit' },requiresHighPerformance: true,requiresLargeStorage: true,requiresDisplay: true};const editMissionId = await this.taskManager.distributeComputeTask(editTask);// 步骤3: 同步处理结果await this.dataManager.syncKVData(`workflow_${workflowId}_status`, 'processing', []);console.info(`Image processing workflow started: ${workflowId}`);return workflowId;} catch (error) {console.error('Failed to start workflow:', error);throw error;}}// 监控工作流进度async monitorWorkflowProgress(workflowId: string): Promise<WorkflowProgress> {try {// 获取各个任务状态const tasks = await this.getWorkflowTasks(workflowId);const taskStatuses: TaskStatus[] = [];for (const task of tasks) {const status = await this.taskManager.monitorTaskStatus(task.missionId);taskStatuses.push(status);}// 计算总体进度const overallProgress = this.calculateOverallProgress(taskStatuses);const workflowStatus = this.determineWorkflowStatus(taskStatuses);return {workflowId,status: workflowStatus,progress: overallProgress,tasks: taskStatuses};} catch (error) {console.error('Failed to monitor workflow:', error);throw error;}}private generateWorkflowId(): string {return `workflow_${Date.now()}_${Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 9)}`;}private async getWorkflowTasks(workflowId: string): Promise<Array<{missionId: string, taskType: string}>> {// 实现获取工作流任务列表的逻辑return [];}private calculateOverallProgress(taskStatuses: TaskStatus[]): number {if (taskStatuses.length === 0) return 0;const totalProgress = taskStatuses.reduce((sum, status) => sum + status.progress, 0);return totalProgress / taskStatuses.length;}private determineWorkflowStatus(taskStatuses: TaskStatus[]): 'running' | 'completed' | 'failed' {if (taskStatuses.some(status => status.state === 'failed')) {return 'failed';}if (taskStatuses.every(status => status.state === 'completed')) {return 'completed';}return 'running';}}interface WorkflowProgress {workflowId: string;status: 'running' | 'completed' | 'failed';progress: number;tasks: TaskStatus[];}

五、实战案例：跨设备媒体应用

5.1 多设备媒体播放器

实现支持跨设备续播的媒体播放应用：


// 跨设备媒体播放管理器class CrossDeviceMediaPlayer {private deviceManager: DistributedDeviceManager;private dataManager: DistributedDataManager;private currentPlayback: PlaybackState | null = null;constructor(deviceManager: DistributedDeviceManager, dataManager: DistributedDataManager) {this.deviceManager = deviceManager;this.dataManager = dataManager;this.initializePlaybackSync();}// 初始化播放状态同步private initializePlaybackSync(): void {// 监听播放状态变化this.dataManager.watchDataChanges((changes) => {changes.forEach(change => {if (change.key.startsWith('playback_')) {this.handleRemotePlaybackChange(change);}});});}// 开始播放async startPlayback(mediaItem: MediaItem, deviceId?: string): Promise<void> {if (deviceId && deviceId !== this.getLocalDeviceId()) {// 在远程设备上播放await this.startRemotePlayback(mediaItem, deviceId);} else {// 在本地设备上播放await this.startLocalPlayback(mediaItem);}}// 在远程设备上开始播放private async startRemotePlayback(mediaItem: MediaItem, deviceId: string): Promise<void> {try {await distributedMissionManager.startRemoteAbility({deviceId: deviceId,bundleName: 'com.example.mediaapp',abilityName: 'MediaPlaybackAbility',parameters: {action: 'play',mediaItem: mediaItem,playbackPosition: this.currentPlayback?.position || 0}});// 同步播放状态await this.dataManager.syncKVData(`playback_${mediaItem.id}`,{deviceId: deviceId,mediaItem: mediaItem,position: 0,state: 'playing'},[deviceId]);console.info(`Playback started on remote device: ${deviceId}`);} catch (error) {console.error('Failed to start remote playback:', error);throw error;}}// 在本地设备上开始播放private async startLocalPlayback(mediaItem: MediaItem): Promise<void> {this.currentPlayback = {mediaItem: mediaItem,position: 0,state: 'playing',startTime: Date.now()};// 同步播放状态到其他设备await this.dataManager.syncKVData(`playback_${mediaItem.id}`,{deviceId: this.getLocalDeviceId(),mediaItem: mediaItem,position: 0,state: 'playing'},[]);console.info('Playback started on local device');}// 处理远程播放状态变化private handleRemotePlaybackChange(change: DataChange): void {if (change.type === 'insert' || change.type === 'update') {const playbackState = change.value as RemotePlaybackState;// 更新UI显示当前播放设备this.updatePlaybackUI(playbackState);}}// 转移播放到其他设备async transferPlayback(targetDeviceId: string): Promise<void> {if (!this.currentPlayback) {throw new Error('No active playback to transfer');}try {// 停止本地播放await this.pauseLocalPlayback();// 在目标设备上开始播放await this.startPlayback(this.currentPlayback.mediaItem, targetDeviceId);console.info(`Playback transferred to device: ${targetDeviceId}`);} catch (error) {console.error('Failed to transfer playback:', error);throw error;}}// 获取可用的播放设备getAvailablePlaybackDevices(): DeviceInfo[] {return this.deviceManager.getAvailableDevices().filter(device =>device.capabilities.includes(DeviceCapability.SPEAKER) ||device.capabilities.includes(DeviceCapability.DISPLAY));}private getLocalDeviceId(): string {// 实现获取本地设备ID的逻辑return 'local_device';}private async pauseLocalPlayback(): Promise<void> {if (this.currentPlayback) {this.currentPlayback.state = 'paused';// 实现本地播放暂停逻辑}}private updatePlaybackUI(playbackState: RemotePlaybackState): void {// 更新UI显示当前播放状态console.info('Updating playback UI:', playbackState);}}interface MediaItem {id: string;title: string;url: string;duration: number;type: 'audio' | 'video';}interface PlaybackState {mediaItem: MediaItem;position: number;state: 'playing' | 'paused' | 'stopped';startTime: number;}interface RemotePlaybackState {deviceId: string;mediaItem: MediaItem;position: number;state: 'playing' | 'paused' | 'stopped';}

六、总结与展望

6.1 多设备开发核心要点

  1. 适配优先：先按设备能力分级，再做 UI 和功能适配（避免 “一刀切”）；

  2. 通信为本：分布式开发先搞定 “设备发现 + 权限”，再做数据同步；

  3. 调度智能：让 “强设备干重活，弱设备干轻活”，避免资源浪费；

  4. 体验无缝：跨设备协同时，状态（如播放进度）必须实时同步，避免用户感知设备切换。

6.2 最佳实践总结

场景最佳实践避坑指南
多设备 UI 适配用 Breakpoints + 资源限定词，避免固定尺寸不要用 px 写尺寸，用 rpx 或资源限定词；穿戴设备 UI 极简
分布式设备发现先申请权限，再启动发现；监听设备状态变化不要忽略权限申请，否则发现不到设备；设备移除后清理状态
跨设备数据同步用 KVStore 分布式模式，设置合适的同步策略不要用 LOCAL 模式；数据格式要转换（二进制→JSON）
分布式任务调度先检查设备能力，再分配任务；监听任务状态不要让弱设备做重活；任务取消后清理资源

多设备适配和分布式开发是鸿蒙系统的核心竞争力，掌握这些技术对于构建真正的全场景应用至关重要。建议开发者在实际项目中不断实践和优化，为用户提供无缝的跨设备体验。

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