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Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.(2016, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)

词汇

get started: 开始
prioritize: v. 优先考虑，优先处理；按优先顺序列出，确定优先顺序
priority: n. 优先，优先权；优先考虑的事
personal fulfillment: 个人满足感
advance: v. 推动；改进，进步；增长，提高；前进，发展
pace of life: 生活节奏
be financially secure: 有经济保障
secure: adj. 感到有保障的；稳固的，可靠的；安全的
maintain: v. 主张，坚持；保持，继续

第一步：找谓语

Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.

第二步：断句

原句中存在6处谓语，包含6件事，其谓语分别位于以下部分：

• are getting 为 who 引导的定语从句谓语
• were 为省略了 that 的宾语从句谓语
• will advance 为省略 that 的宾语从句谓语
• should be 为 that 引导的宾语从句谓语
• are served 为 that 引导的宾语从句谓语
• found 为主句谓语

根据标点、引导词以及谓语，可以将原句断开为以下分句：

• Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, —— 宾语从句
• to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree —— 宾语从句
• that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain —— 宾语从句
• that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, —— 宾语从句
• the survey found. —— 主句

第三步：简化

主句

the survey found.

• 主句主语部分：the survey
  • 定冠词：the 修饰名词：survey
  • 名词：survey 为主句主语核心词
• 主句谓语部分：found 为及物动词过去式，后接宾语
• 原句由将宾语提前，并省略了引导词：that 因此主句前的内容都属于宾语从句的内容

去掉主句的扩展成分，就得到了主句核心：

• …… survey found —— …… 调查发现

宾语从句

Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work,

• 从句引导词：that 引导宾语从句，作为主句动词：found 的宾语，但是在这里被省略
• 从句主语部分：Young people who are still getting started in life
  • 形容词：young 修饰名词：people
  • 名词：people 为从句主语核心词
  • 定语从句：who are still getting started in life 修饰名词：people ，进一步解释说明
    • 从句引导词：who 在从句中作主语，代替先行词：people
    • 从句谓语部分：are still getting 为系动词的现在进行时态，后接表语
      • 副词：still 修饰动词：are getting
    • 从句表语部分：started 为形容词作表语
    • 介词短语：in life 为范围状语，修饰从句，说明从句的范围
• 从句谓语部分：were 为系动词，后接表语
• 从句表语部分：more likely
  • 副词：more 修饰形容词：likely
  • 形容词：likely 为表语核心词
• 介词短语部分：than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, 补充说明比较级：more likely，表示比较的对象
  • 形容词比较级：older 修饰名词：adults
  • 名词：adults 为介词：than 的宾语，也是比较的对象
  • 动词不定式短语：to prioritize personal fulfillment 修饰形容词：likely 表示更可能去做的事
    • 形容词：personal 修饰名词：fulfillment
    • 名词：fulfillment 为动词不定式：to prioritize 的宾语
  • 介词短语：in their work 为后置定语，修饰名词：fulfillment 说明其具体范围

去掉从句扩展部分，就得到了从句核心：

• …… people …… were …… likely …… —— ……人们 …… 是 …… 活泼的……

宾语从句

to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree

• 动词不定式：to believe，to favor，to agree 为并列结构，与 to prioritize 共同补充说明：likely，表示“更可能去做某事”
• 从句引导词：that 引导宾语从句，作为动词：believe 的宾语，不过该引导词在此处被省略
• 从句主语部分：they
• 从句谓语部分：will advance 为及物动词的将来时，后接宾语
• 从句宾语部分：their careers most
  • 限定词：their 修饰名词：careers
  • 名词：careers 为从句宾语核心词
  • 程度副词；most 修饰动词：advance
• 介词短语：by regularly changing jobs 为方式状语，修饰动词：advance，表示动作发生的方式
  • 副词：regularly 修饰动名词：changing
  • 动名词短语：changing jobs 为介词：by 的宾语
    • 名词：jobs 为动名词：changing 的宾语
• 名词：communities 为动词；favor 的宾语
• 介词短语：with more public services and a faster pace of life 修饰名词：communities 表示伴随
  • 并列连词：and 连接名词短语：more public services 与名词短语：a faster pace of life 构成并列结构
    • 副词：more 修饰形容词：public
    • 形容词：public 修饰名词：services
    • 不定冠词：a 修饰名词：pace
    • 形容词比较级：faster 修饰名词：pace
    • 介词短语：of life 为后置定语，修饰名词：pace，说明其具体范围

去掉从句扩展部分，就得到了从句核心：

• …… they will advance …… careers …… —— …… 他们会更新 …… 职业 ……

宾语从句

that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain

• 从句引导词：that 引导宾语从句，作为动词：agree 的宾语，引导词在从句中不作任何成分
• 从句主语部分：couples
• 从句谓语部分：should be 该动词为系动词的情态动词 + 动词原型，后接表语
• 从句表语部分：financially secure
  • 副词：financially 修饰形容词：secure
  • 形容词：secure 为表语核心词
• 从句状语部分：before getting married or having children, 修饰从句，说明从句发生的时间
  • 并列结构引导词：or 引导名词词组 getting married 与having children 共同构成并列结构
• 动词不定式：and to maintain 与前面的动词不定式为并列结构，共同修饰形容词：likely，说明更主张的事

去掉从句扩展部分，就得到了从句核心：

• that couples should be …… secure …… —— 夫妻应该是 …… 稳固的

宾语从句

that children are best served by two parents working outside the home,

• 从句引导词：that 引导宾语从句，作为动词：maintain 的宾语，引导词在从句中不作成分
• 从句主语部分：children
• 从句谓语部分：are best served
  • 副词：best 修饰动词：are served
  • 动词：are served 为及物动词的被动语态，其主语为动作的承受者
• 介词短语：by two parents working outside the home 表示动作的执行者
  • 数词：two 修饰名词：parents
  • 名词：parents 为动作的执行者
  • 现在分词短语：working outside the home 为后置定语，不从说明名词：parents，表示主动

去掉从句扩展部分，就得到了从句核心：

• that children are …… served …… —— 孩子们 …… 被服务……