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Day08_单片机-ADC和DMA

news 2025/9/24 18:33:56

一、ADC相关概念

ADC（Analog-to-digital converter）:模数转换器
作用：将模拟信号转化为数字信号
模拟信号：连续周期变化的电信号
数字信号：离散的以1/0组成的电信号
ADC的应用场景：一般用于电路中的电流/电压检测、也使用在各种传感器采集数据后进行传输（温湿度传感器）
ADC：就是将连续的模拟信号转换为离散的数字信号
ADC 的转换过程本质是通过采样->保持->量化->编码四个关键步骤，将连续信号 “离散化” 为数字代码。
ADC的工作流程：
模拟信号就绪→通道采样并保持信号→量化为离散等级→编码为二进制代码→写入数据寄存器→用户读取数字信号”。

二、ADC1和ADC4

在STM32U575RIT6芯片中支持的是ADC1和ADC4外设控制器
1、采样位数：本质就是采样精度，ADC1采样转化后的数字信号是14位的，ADC4采样转化后的数字信号是12位
2、数据寄存器：采样转化得到的数字信号，会被存储到数据寄存器中，用户只需要读取数据寄存器中的值即可得到转化后的数字信号
3、电压转化公式：请看下图
待测电压=（ADC转化后的数字量*参考电压）/2^采样位数
4、ADC的采样校准和偏移补偿：请看下图

2.1采样原理

原理图：

解析：
STM32U575RIT6中使用的是ADC采样方式：逐次逼近法。
逐次逼近法：循环使用二分半查找（折半查找）

eg:
以ADC4为例，采样位数为12位，也就是得到的数字信号是12位的（最小是0v最大是3.3v换个思路来理解就是十二位中最小的是0，最大的是4096，中间是1.65v(2048)）,现在要查找1.2v（1489）就是一直使用二分缩小范围直到找到他

2.2转换公式

电压转化公式：待测电压（1.2v）、参考电压（3.3v）、ADC转化后的数字量
2^采样位数
ADC转化得到的数字量=------------------- x 待测电压
参考电压
ADC的视线原理是逐次逼近发，但是在使用ADC时，用于只需要打开ADC、等待ADC采样并转化、获取转化后的值就可以了

2.3采样校准和偏移补偿

图：

注释：
ADC的采样就相当于录制一个跳舞的视频
一个跳舞的视频=很多跳舞动作的图片，按顺序播放
拍对应跳舞动作的图片的时机=ADC采样的时机
拍照的时机不可能固定=ADC采样时机可能发生偏移
如果ADC采样发生偏移，此时采样得到的诗句可能不是很准确，就需要使用硬件提供的偏移补偿机制（校准机制）
使用偏移补偿机制（校准机制）用于初始化采样机制

2.4ADC的通道

1、等待转化的模拟信号
2、ADC的通道：采样等待转化的模拟信号，在此处进行模拟信号转化为数字信号
3、ADC的数据寄存器：用户可以从此处读到转化完毕的数字信号

2.5ADC1的通道

图：

注释：
ADC1:具备20个独立通道（用于采样模拟信号，转化模拟信号）
20个独立通道中：存在17个链接GPIO引脚的通道（外部通道），
存在3个连接芯片内部传感去的通道（内部通道）

2.6ADC4的通道

图：

注释：
ADC4:具备24个独立通道（用于采样模拟信号，转化模拟信号）
24个独立通道中：存在19个链接GPIO引脚的通道（外部通道），
存在4个连接芯片内部传感去的通道（内部通道）
存在1个链接DAC外设控制器的通道

三、ADC的采样转化模式（扫描模式）

ADC的采样转化模式有五种：1、单通道单次转化模式 2、单通道连续转化模式 3、多通道单次转化模式 4、多通道连续转化模式 5、间隔转化模式（触发转化模式
1、单通道单次转化模式：
就是只使用一个ADC通道进行模拟信号的采样和转化，并且只转化一次，转化完的数据保存到数据寄存器中，此时当前转化就结束了
2、单通道连续转化模式：
使用一个ADC通道进行模拟信号的采样和转化，转化完的数据保存到数据寄存器中，紧接着开启下一次转换
单通道单次转化+while(1)=单通道连续转化

3、多通道单次转化模式：
就是使用多个ADC通道进行模拟信号的采样和转化，按照顺序依次转化通道中的模拟信号，转化完的数据保存到数据寄存器中，当这些使能通道中的数据转化并放到数据寄存器中后，此时当前多通道单次转化就结束了，如果想开次下一次转化，需要手动开启

4、多通道连续转化模式：
就是使用多个ADC通道进行模拟信号的采样和转化，按照顺序依次转化通道中的模拟信号，转化完的数据保存到数据寄存器中，当这些使能通道中的数据转化并放到数据寄存器中后，此时会回到最初始的通道开启二次或者N次转化，无需手动开启
多通道单次转化+while(1)=多通道连续转化
5、间隔转化模式（触发转化模式）：
使用间隔转化模式时，需要触发源，触发源触发一次，ADC就转化一次
ADC的转化模式：独立模式（单通道模式）、扫描模式（多通道模式）、触发模式

四、分析电路图

ANA1->ADC_VDC->PB1

五、CubeMX配置

六、API接口

ADC采样和转化流程：
0、开启ADC采样校准模式
1、开启ADC采样转化功能
2、等待采样+转化结束，数字信号被存放到数据寄存器中
3、从数据寄存器中读取数字信号
4、通过模数转化公式，将数字信号转化为模拟信号，并串口打印
ADC的采样校准要么在开启采样前，要么在关闭采用后

HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_ADC_Start(ADC_HandleTypeDef *hadc)
功能：
HAL库提供的用于开启ADC采样转化功能的函数
参数：
habc:ADC4外设控制器的句柄
返回值：
函数执行成功，返回HAL_OK
函数返回失败，返回错误码
uint32_t HAL_ADC_GetValue(const ADC_HandleTypeDef *hadc)
功能：
HAL库提供的用于获取转化完毕的数字信号的函数
参数：
habc:ADC4外设控制器的句柄
返回值：
返回成功获取的数字信号
HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_ADC_PollForConversion(ADC_HandleTypeDef *hadc,uint32_t Timeout)
功能：
HAL库提供的用于阻塞等待ADC采样+转化完毕，数据被存放到数据寄存器中的函数
参数：
habc:ADC4外设控制器的句柄
Timeout:超时检测时间，当前函数的最大阻塞时间
返回值：
当ADC采样+转化数据完毕后，表示这个函数执行成功，函数执行成功，返回HAL_OK
当ADC采样+转化数据没结束时，此时这个函数处于阻塞状态
函数返回失败，返回错误码
#define HAL_MAX_DELAY 0xFFFFFFFU
HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_ADC_Stop(ADC_HandleTypeDef *hadc)
功能：
HAL库提供的用于关闭ADC采样转化功能的函数
参数：
habc:ADC4外设控制器的句柄
返回值：
函数执行成功，返回HAL_OK
函数返回失败，返回错误码

/**
* @brief Perform an ADC automatic self-calibration
* Calibration prerequisite: ADC must be disabled (execute this
* function before HAL_ADC_Start() or after HAL_ADC_Stop() ).
* @param hadc ADC handle
* @param CalibrationMode Selection of calibration offset or
* linear calibration offset.
* @arg ADC_CALIB_OFFSET Channel in mode calibration offset
* @arg ADC_CALIB_OFFSET_LINEARITY Channel in mode linear calibration offset
* @param SingleDiff Selection of single-ended or differential input
* This parameter can be one of the following values:
* @arg @ref ADC_SINGLE_ENDED Channel in mode input single ended
* @arg @ref ADC_DIFFERENTIAL_ENDED Channel in mode input differential ended
* @retval HAL status
*/
HAL_StatusTypeDef
HAL_ADCEx_Calibration_Start
(ADC_HandleTypeDef *hadc, uint32_t CalibrationMode, uint32_t SingleDiff)
功能：
HAL库提供的用于校准ADC采样的函数（此函数只需要开启一次即可）
参数：
hadc：ADC4外设控制器的句柄
CalibrationMode：校准模式的设置
ADC_CALIB_OFFSET 偏移量校准方式（最基础的）
ADC_CALIB_OFFSET_LINEARITY 硬件线性化校准（高级的）
线性化校准比偏移量校准更准确，一般使用一些高精度仪器上
SingleDiff：输入的模拟信号的选择
ADC_SINGLE_ENDED：输入单端信号（一个信号就代表一个电信号）
ADC_DIFFERENTIAL_ENDED：输入差分信号（两个信号代表一个电信号）
返回值：
函数执行成功，返回HAL_OK
函数执行失败，返回错误码

七、代码编写

7.1单通道单次转化模式

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file           : main.c* @brief          : Main program body******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2025 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "adc.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "stdio.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD *//* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV *//* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void SystemPower_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
//printf重定向
int fputc(int ch,FILE *stream)
{HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,(uint8_t *)&ch,1,5);return ch;
}
/* USER CODE END 0 *//*** @brief  The application entry point.* @retval int*/
int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* Configure the System Power */SystemPower_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();MX_ADC4_Init();MX_USART1_UART_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */uint32_t value_digital=0;//uint32_t value_digital[2]={0};float value_analog=0;
//stm32u575RIT6需要手动开启VDD电源管理单元的功能HAL_PWREx_EnableVddA();HAL_PWREx_EnableVddIO2();//开启采样ADC4校准HAL_ADCEx_Calibration_Start(&hadc4,ADC_CALIB_OFFSET,ADC_SINGLE_ENDED);//HAL_ADC_Start(&hadc4);//int i=0;/* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){//开启ADC的采样+转化功能HAL_ADC_Start(&hadc4);//等待ADC采样+转化完毕HAL_ADC_PollForConversion(&hadc4,5);//获取采样完毕的数字信号value_digital=HAL_ADC_GetValue(&hadc4);//通过模数转换公式，把获得电压转化为模拟信号value_analog=value_digital*3.3/4096;//串口打印printf("digital=%d,analog=%.4f\n",value_digital,value_analog);HAL_Delay(1000);/* USER CODE END WHILE *//* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};/** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage*/if (HAL_PWREx_ControlVoltageScaling(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI|RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_MSI;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;RCC_OscInitStruct.MSIState = RCC_MSI_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.MSICalibrationValue = RCC_MSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;RCC_OscInitStruct.MSIClockRange = RCC_MSIRANGE_0;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_MSI;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMBOOST = RCC_PLLMBOOST_DIV4;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 3;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 10;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = 2;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 2;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLR = 1;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLRGE = RCC_PLLVCIRANGE_1;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLFRACN = 0;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK3;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB3CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_4) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}/*** @brief Power Configuration* @retval None*/
static void SystemPower_Config(void)
{/** Disable the internal Pull-Up in Dead Battery pins of UCPD peripheral*/HAL_PWREx_DisableUCPDDeadBattery();
/* USER CODE BEGIN PWR */
/* USER CODE END PWR */
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 *//* USER CODE END 4 *//*** @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* @retval None*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/*** @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number*         where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param  file: pointer to the source file name* @param  line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

效果

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file           : main.c* @brief          : Main program body******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2025 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "adc.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "stdio.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD *//* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV *//* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void SystemPower_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
//printf重定向
int fputc(int ch,FILE *stream)
{HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,(uint8_t *)&ch,1,5);return ch;
}
/* USER CODE END 0 *//*** @brief  The application entry point.* @retval int*/
int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* Configure the System Power */SystemPower_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();MX_ADC4_Init();MX_USART1_UART_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */uint32_t value_digital=0;//uint32_t value_digital[2]={0};float value_analog=0;
//stm32u575RIT6需要手动开启VDD电源管理单元的功能HAL_PWREx_EnableVddA();HAL_PWREx_EnableVddIO2();//开启采样ADC4校准//HAL_ADCEx_Calibration_Start(&hadc4,ADC_CALIB_OFFSET,ADC_SINGLE_ENDED);//HAL_ADC_Start(&hadc4);//int i=0;/* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){//开启采样ADC4校准HAL_ADCEx_Calibration_Start(&hadc4,ADC_CALIB_OFFSET,ADC_SINGLE_ENDED);//开启ADC的采样+转化功能HAL_ADC_Start(&hadc4);//等待ADC采样+转化完毕HAL_ADC_PollForConversion(&hadc4,5);//获取采样完毕的数字信号value_digital=HAL_ADC_GetValue(&hadc4);//通过模数转换公式，把获得电压转化为模拟信号value_analog=value_digital*3.3/4096;//串口打印printf("digital=%d,analog=%.4f\n",value_digital,value_analog);HAL_Delay(1000);/* USER CODE END WHILE *//* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};/** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage*/if (HAL_PWREx_ControlVoltageScaling(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI|RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_MSI;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;RCC_OscInitStruct.MSIState = RCC_MSI_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.MSICalibrationValue = RCC_MSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;RCC_OscInitStruct.MSIClockRange = RCC_MSIRANGE_0;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_MSI;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMBOOST = RCC_PLLMBOOST_DIV4;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 3;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 10;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = 2;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 2;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLR = 1;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLRGE = RCC_PLLVCIRANGE_1;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLFRACN = 0;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK3;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB3CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_4) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}/*** @brief Power Configuration* @retval None*/
static void SystemPower_Config(void)
{/** Disable the internal Pull-Up in Dead Battery pins of UCPD peripheral*/HAL_PWREx_DisableUCPDDeadBattery();
/* USER CODE BEGIN PWR */
/* USER CODE END PWR */
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 *//* USER CODE END 4 *//*** @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* @retval None*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/*** @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number*         where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param  file: pointer to the source file name* @param  line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

7.2单通道连续转化模式

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file           : main.c* @brief          : Main program body******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2025 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "adc.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "stdio.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD *//* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV *//* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void SystemPower_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
//printf重定向
int fputc(int ch,FILE *stream)
{HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,(uint8_t *)&ch,1,5);return ch;
}
/* USER CODE END 0 *//*** @brief  The application entry point.* @retval int*/
int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* Configure the System Power */SystemPower_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();MX_ADC4_Init();MX_USART1_UART_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */uint32_t value_digital=0;//uint32_t value_digital[2]={0};float value_analog=0;
//stm32u575RIT6需要手动开启VDD电源管理单元的功能HAL_PWREx_EnableVddA();HAL_PWREx_EnableVddIO2();//开启采样ADC4校准HAL_ADCEx_Calibration_Start(&hadc4,ADC_CALIB_OFFSET,ADC_SINGLE_ENDED);HAL_ADC_Start(&hadc4);//开启ADC连续转化模式后这一行代码只需要执行一次后续的ADC采样和转化会自动执行//int i=0;/* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){//开启ADC的采样+转化功能//HAL_ADC_Start(&hadc4);//等待ADC采样+转化完毕HAL_ADC_PollForConversion(&hadc4,5);//获取采样完毕的数字信号value_digital=HAL_ADC_GetValue(&hadc4);//通过模数转换公式，把获得电压转化为模拟信号value_analog=value_digital*3.3/4096;//串口打印printf("digital=%d,analog=%.4f\n",value_digital,value_analog);HAL_Delay(1000);/* USER CODE END WHILE *//* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};/** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage*/if (HAL_PWREx_ControlVoltageScaling(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI|RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_MSI;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;RCC_OscInitStruct.MSIState = RCC_MSI_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.MSICalibrationValue = RCC_MSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;RCC_OscInitStruct.MSIClockRange = RCC_MSIRANGE_0;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_MSI;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMBOOST = RCC_PLLMBOOST_DIV4;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 3;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 10;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = 2;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 2;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLR = 1;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLRGE = RCC_PLLVCIRANGE_1;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLFRACN = 0;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK3;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB3CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_4) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}/*** @brief Power Configuration* @retval None*/
static void SystemPower_Config(void)
{/** Disable the internal Pull-Up in Dead Battery pins of UCPD peripheral*/HAL_PWREx_DisableUCPDDeadBattery();
/* USER CODE BEGIN PWR */
/* USER CODE END PWR */
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 *//* USER CODE END 4 *//*** @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* @retval None*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/*** @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number*         where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param  file: pointer to the source file name* @param  line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

7.3多通道连续转化模式

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file           : main.c* @brief          : Main program body******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2025 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "adc.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "stdio.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD *//* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV *//* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void SystemPower_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
//printf重定向
int fputc(int ch,FILE *stream)
{HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,(uint8_t *)&ch,1,5);return ch;
}
/* USER CODE END 0 *//*** @brief  The application entry point.* @retval int*/
int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* Configure the System Power */SystemPower_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();MX_ADC4_Init();MX_USART1_UART_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 *///uint32_t value_digital=0;uint32_t value_digital[2]={0};float value_analog=0;
//stm32u575RIT6需要手动开启VDD电源管理单元的功能HAL_PWREx_EnableVddA();HAL_PWREx_EnableVddIO2();//开启采样ADC4校准HAL_ADCEx_Calibration_Start(&hadc4,ADC_CALIB_OFFSET,ADC_SINGLE_ENDED);HAL_ADC_Start(&hadc4);//开启ADC连续转化模式后这一行代码只需要执行一次后续的ADC采样和转化会自动执行int i=0;/* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){for(i=0;i<2;i++){//等待ADC采样+转化完毕HAL_ADC_PollForConversion(&hadc4,HAL_MAX_DELAY);//获取采样完毕的数字信号value_digital[i]=HAL_ADC_GetValue(&hadc4);}printf("%.4f\n",4*value_digital[0]*3.3/4096);printf("%.4f\n",value_digital[1]*3.3/4096);HAL_Delay(1000);/* USER CODE END WHILE *//* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};/** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage*/if (HAL_PWREx_ControlVoltageScaling(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI|RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_MSI;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;RCC_OscInitStruct.MSIState = RCC_MSI_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.MSICalibrationValue = RCC_MSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;RCC_OscInitStruct.MSIClockRange = RCC_MSIRANGE_0;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_MSI;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMBOOST = RCC_PLLMBOOST_DIV4;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 3;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 10;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = 2;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 2;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLR = 1;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLRGE = RCC_PLLVCIRANGE_1;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLFRACN = 0;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK3;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB3CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_4) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}/*** @brief Power Configuration* @retval None*/
static void SystemPower_Config(void)
{/** Disable the internal Pull-Up in Dead Battery pins of UCPD peripheral*/HAL_PWREx_DisableUCPDDeadBattery();
/* USER CODE BEGIN PWR */
/* USER CODE END PWR */
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 *//* USER CODE END 4 *//*** @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* @retval None*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/*** @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number*         where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param  file: pointer to the source file name* @param  line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

7.4练习：采集Vbat电源电压

八、DMA 相关概念

GPDMA(General purpose direct memory access controler):直接内存访问（内存：实际的虚拟内存、外设控制器）
为什么需要使用DMA？
由于cpu具备高性能特点，正常需要设计到CPU的介入是关于数据的复杂度处理相关的逻辑
此时，一些简单的数据传输，如串口数据传输、ADC采样后的数据传输，可以不需要CPU的介入
也就是，如果使用DWA，DMA会开辟一片通道（16个独立通道），专门用于简单的数据传输，这些数据就不需要让CPU来调度传输