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Netty的WebSocketServerProtocolHandler负责处理WebSocket的握手，但具体的参数处理可能需要自定义Handler来处理HTTP请求。
认证参数传递方式
WebSocket握手基于HTTP协议，可通过以下方式传递认证参数：
URL Query参数：ws://host:port/path?token=xxx&user=123
HTTP Headers：Authorization、X-Auth-Token等自定义头
Cookies：在Cookie中存储认证信息
Protocal : 重写协议头传参
Netty实现流程
1 配置Pipeline
public class WebSocketServerInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {@Overrideprotected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) {ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();// HTTP编解码器pipeline.addLast(new HttpServerCodec());// 聚合HTTP完整请求pipeline.addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(65536));// URL Query参数pipeline.addLast(new MyHttpHeaderHandler());// 自定义认证处理器// pipeline.addLast(new AuthHandler());// WebSocket协议处理器pipeline.addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler("/ws"));// 自定义handler ，处理业务逻辑// pipeline.addLast(new MyHandShakeHandler());// WebSocket业务处理器pipeline.addLast(new WebSocketFrameHandler());}
}
2 自定义认证处理器
URL Query参数
public class MyHttpHeaderHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {/*** 处理接收到的通道数据事件* @param ctx 通道处理上下文，用于访问通道和事件流* @param msg 接收到的消息对象，类型为Object*/@Overridepublic void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {if(msg instanceof FullHttpRequest){// 解析HTTP请求并处理URI参数FullHttpRequest req = (FullHttpRequest) msg;UrlBuilder urlBuilder = UrlBuilder.ofHttp(req.uri());// 提取查询参数中的token值并设置到通道属性Optional<String> tokenOptional = Optional.of(urlBuilder).map(UrlBuilder::getQuery).map(urlQuery -> urlQuery.get("token")).map(CharSequence::toString);tokenOptional.ifPresent(s -> NettyUtil.setAttr(ctx.channel(), NettyUtil.TOKEN, s));// 重置请求URI为路径部分（去除查询参数）req.setUri(urlBuilder.getPath().toString());}// 继续传递事件到处理流水线的下一个环节ctx.fireChannelRead(msg);}}
获取前端token
Channel channel = ctx.channel();if(evt instanceof WebSocketServerProtocolHandler.HandshakeComplete){webSocketService.connect(channel);String token = NettyUtil.getAttr(channel, NettyUtil.TOKEN);if(StrUtil.isNotBlank(token)){webSocketService.authorize(channel,new WSAuthorizeReq(token));}log.info("握手完成");}
HTTP Headers
public class AuthHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<FullHttpRequest> {@Overrideprotected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, FullHttpRequest request) throws Exception {// 解析认证参数String token = getToken(request);String clientId = getClientId(request);// 执行认证逻辑if (!validateToken(token)) {sendHttpResponse(ctx, request, new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpResponseStatus.UNAUTHORIZED));ctx.close();return;}// 认证通过，存储用户信息AttributeKey<String> clientKey = AttributeKey.valueOf("clientId");ctx.channel().attr(clientKey).set(clientId);// 传递修改后的请求给后续处理器request.setUri("/ws"); // 清理query参数ctx.fireChannelRead(request.retain());}private String getToken(FullHttpRequest request) {// 从Query参数获取QueryStringDecoder decoder = new QueryStringDecoder(request.uri());List<String> tokens = decoder.parameters().get("token");if (tokens != null && !tokens.isEmpty()) {return tokens.get(0);}// 从头信息获取return request.headers().get("X-Auth-Token");}private boolean validateToken(String token) {// 实现具体的token验证逻辑return "valid_token".equals(token);}private void sendHttpResponse(...) {// 发送HTTP响应实现}
}
Protocal传参
@AllArgsConstructor
public class MyHandShakeHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {/*** WebSocket握手处理器，负责处理客户端的HTTP请求并完成WebSocket握手。* 继承自ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter以处理入站事件。*/@Overridepublic void channelRead(final ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {/*** 处理接收到的通道读取事件，主要处理WebSocket握手逻辑。** @param ctx 通道处理上下文，用于访问通道和事件派发* @param msg 接收到的消息对象，预期为HTTP请求或相关对象*/HttpObject httpObject = (HttpObject) msg;// 处理WebSocket握手逻辑if (httpObject instanceof HttpRequest) {final HttpRequest req = (HttpRequest) httpObject;// 从请求头中提取WebSocket协议标识tokenString token = req.headers().get("Sec-Websocket-Protocol");// 将token保存到通道属性中以便后续使用Attribute<Object> token1 = ctx.channel().attr(AttributeKey.valueOf("token"));token1.set(token);// 根据请求URI和协议创建WebSocket握手工厂WebSocketServerHandshakerFactory wsFactory = new WebSocketServerHandshakerFactory(req.getUri(), token, false);final WebSocketServerHandshaker handshaker = wsFactory.newHandshaker(req);// 如果握手协商器为空（版本不匹配），发送不支持响应if (handshaker == null) {WebSocketServerHandshakerFactory.sendUnsupportedVersionResponse(ctx.channel());} else {// 移除当前处理器，避免重复处理ctx.pipeline().remove(this);// 执行握手并监听结果ChannelFuture handshakeFuture = handshaker.handshake(ctx.channel(), req);handshakeFuture.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) {// 监听握手完成事件，根据结果触发相应事件if (!future.isSuccess()) {ctx.fireExceptionCaught(future.cause());} else {ctx.fireUserEventTriggered(WebSocketServerProtocolHandler.ServerHandshakeStateEvent.HANDSHAKE_COMPLETE);}}});}} else {// 转发非HTTP请求的消息到下一个处理器ctx.fireChannelRead(msg);}}
}调用
if(evt == WebSocketServerProtocolHandler.ServerHandshakeStateEvent.HANDSHAKE_COMPLETE){log.info("握手完成");Attribute<Object> token = channel.attr(AttributeKey.valueOf("token"));webSocketService.authorize(channel,new WSAuthorizeReq(token.get().toString()));}
关键点说明
Pipeline顺序：
认证处理器必须位于WebSocketServerProtocolHandler之前
使用HttpObjectAggregator确保接收完整HTTP请求
参数清理：
request.setUri("/ws"); // 移除query参数
避免敏感参数被后续处理器看到
用户信息传递：
// 存储
ctx.channel().attr(AttributeKey.valueOf("user")).set(userInfo);// 在后续处理器获取
String user = ctx.channel().attr(AttributeKey.valueOf("user")).get();
错误处理：
返回标准HTTP状态码：
401 Unauthorized：认证失败
403 Forbidden：权限不足
及时关闭无效连接
客户端示例（JavaScript）
const ws = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8080/ws?token=my_token");
// 或使用头信息
const ws = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8080/ws", {headers: {"X-Auth-Token": "my_token"}
});
或者直接控制台new一个
可以得到后端获取到前端传的token参数以及重新使用token获取用户信息成果
增强安全建议
使用加密连接：强制使用wss://
时效性验证：增加时间戳参数防止重放攻击
签名机制：对参数进行HMAC签名
限流控制：防止暴力破解
使用curl模拟握手请求：
curl -i -N -H "Connection: Upgrade" \-H "Upgrade: websocket" \-H "Host: localhost:8080" \-H "X-Auth-Token: invalid_token" \http://localhost:8080/ws