Windows/Linux下vscode+vcpkg管理C++包链接方法

1. 安装和设置 vcpkg

Windows:

git clone https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg.git
cd vcpkg
.\bootstrap-vcpkg.bat
.\vcpkg integrate install

Linux:

git clone https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg.git
cd vcpkg
./bootstrap-vcpkg.sh
./vcpkg integrate install

2. VSCode 扩展安装

安装必要的扩展：

• C/C++ Extension Pack
• CMake Tools（如果使用 CMake）

3. 配置方式

方式一：使用 CMake（推荐）

创建 CMakeLists.txt:

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.20)
project(MyProject)set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)# 查找包
find_package(fmt CONFIG REQUIRED)
find_package(nlohmann_json CONFIG REQUIRED)add_executable(main main.cpp)# 链接库
target_link_libraries(main PRIVATE fmt::fmt nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json)

配置 CMakePresets.json:

{"version": 3,"configurePresets": [{"name": "default","toolchainFile": "$env{VCPKG_ROOT}/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake"}]
}

方式二：配置 c_cpp_properties.json

在 .vscode/c_cpp_properties.json 中配置：

Windows:

{"configurations": [{"name": "Win32","includePath": ["${workspaceFolder}/**","C:/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows/include"],"defines": ["_DEBUG","UNICODE","_UNICODE"],"windowsSdkVersion": "10.0.19041.0","compilerPath": "C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio/2022/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.30.30705/bin/Hostx64/x64/cl.exe","cStandard": "c17","cppStandard": "c++17","intelliSenseMode": "windows-msvc-x64"}],"version": 4
}

Linux:

{"configurations": [{"name": "Linux","includePath": ["${workspaceFolder}/**","/path/to/vcpkg/installed/x64-linux/include"],"defines": [],"compilerPath": "/usr/bin/gcc","cStandard": "c17","cppStandard": "c++17","intelliSenseMode": "linux-gcc-x64"}],"version": 4
}

4. 配置编译任务

创建 .vscode/tasks.json：

Windows:

{"version": "2.0.0","tasks": [{"type": "shell","label": "C/C++: cl.exe build active file","command": "cl.exe","args": ["/Zi","/EHsc","/Fe:","${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe","${file}","/I", "C:\\vcpkg\\installed\\x64-windows\\include","/link","/LIBPATH:C:\\vcpkg\\installed\\x64-windows\\lib"],"group": {"kind": "build","isDefault": true}}]
}

Linux:

{"version": "2.0.0","tasks": [{"type": "shell","label": "C/C++: g++ build active file","command": "/usr/bin/g++","args": ["-g","${file}","-o","${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}","-I/path/to/vcpkg/installed/x64-linux/include","-L/path/to/vcpkg/installed/x64-linux/lib","-lfmt"  // 根据需要添加具体库],"group": {"kind": "build","isDefault": true}}]
}

5. 环境变量设置

设置 VCPKG_ROOT 环境变量：

• Windows: set VCPKG_ROOT=[your vcpkg installed path]
• Linux: export VCPKG_ROOT=[your vcpkg installed path]

6. 使用示例

安装包:

vcpkg install fmt nlohmann-json

示例代码 main.cpp:

#include <fmt/core.h>
#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>int main() {fmt::print("Hello vcpkg!\n");nlohmann::json j;j["name"] = "vcpkg";j["version"] = "2024";fmt::print("JSON: {}\n", j.dump());return 0;
}

最佳实践建议

1. 使用 CMake - 最灵活且跨平台兼容性好
2. 创建 vcpkg.json - 在项目根目录创建依赖文件：

   {"dependencies": ["fmt","nlohmann-json"]
   }
   

3. 版本控制 - 将 vcpkg.json 加入版本控制，但排除 vcpkg_installed 目录
4. 使用 manifest 模式 - 让 vcpkg 自动管理项目依赖

这样配置后，VSCode 就能正确识别和链接 vcpkg 管理的包了。