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GeoScene Maps 完整入门指南：从安装到实战

news 2025/8/29 5:29:56

什么是GeoScene Maps

GeoScene Maps是一套功能强大的Web地图开发平台，它基于现代Web技术构建，为开发者提供了丰富的地图服务和开发工具。与其他地图API相比，GeoScene Maps具有以下特点：

核心优势

  • 全面的地图服务：支持2D/3D地图、多种底图类型
  • 高性能渲染：基于WebGL的高效渲染引擎
  • 丰富的API：完整的地图操作、空间分析功能
  • 跨平台支持：支持桌面端和移动端
  • 灵活的样式：可自定义地图样式和符号

适用场景

  • 位置服务应用
  • 物流追踪系统
  • 智慧城市平台
  • 地理信息系统(GIS)
  • 实时监控系统

环境准备与安装

1. 前置要求

在开始之前，确保您的开发环境满足以下要求：

# Node.js版本要求
Node.js >= 14.0.0
npm >= 6.0.0# 或者使用yarn
yarn >= 1.22.0

2. 创建Vue项目

# 使用Vue CLI创建项目
npm install -g @vue/cli
vue create geoscene-map-demo# 或使用Vite创建项目（推荐）
npm create vue@latest geoscene-map-demo
cd geoscene-map-demo
npm install

3. 安装GeoScene Maps SDK

# 安装GeoScene Maps核心包
npm install @geoscene/core# 如果需要额外的功能模块
npm install @geoscene/map-components
npm install @geoscene/calcite-components

创建第一个地图

1. 基础地图组件

首先，让我们创建一个基础的地图组件：

<!-- src/components/MapContainer.vue -->
<template><div class="map-container"><div ref="mapDiv" class="map-view"id="map-view"></div></div>
</template><script setup>
import { ref, onMounted, onUnmounted } from 'vue'
import Map from '@geoscene/core/Map.js'
import MapView from '@geoscene/core/views/MapView.js'
import TileLayer from '@geoscene/core/layers/TileLayer.js'// 模板引用
const mapDiv = ref(null)// 地图实例
let map = null
let view = null// 初始化地图
const initializeMap = async () => {try {// 创建地图实例map = new Map({basemap: 'streets-navigation-vector' // 使用内置底图})// 创建地图视图view = new MapView({container: mapDiv.value,map: map,center: [116.397, 39.909], // 北京天安门坐标zoom: 13})// 等待视图加载完成await view.when()console.log('地图初始化完成')} catch (error) {console.error('地图初始化失败:', error)}
}// 组件挂载时初始化地图
onMounted(() => {initializeMap()
})// 组件卸载时清理资源
onUnmounted(() => {if (view) {view.destroy()view = null}map = null
})// 暴露地图实例供父组件使用
defineExpose({getMap: () => map,getView: () => view
})
</script><style scoped>
.map-container {width: 100%;height: 100%;position: relative;
}.map-view {width: 100%;height: 100%;
}
</style>

2. 使用自定义底图

如果需要使用天地图等国内地图服务

// src/utils/mapConfig.js
export const TIANDITU_CONFIG = {key: '您的天地图API密钥', // 需要到天地图官网申请baseUrl: 'https://t{subDomain}.tianditu.gov.cn'
}export const MAP_TYPES = {SATELLITE: 'satellite',    // 卫星图VECTOR: 'vector',         // 矢量图TERRAIN: 'terrain'        // 地形图
}
// 创建天地图底图的函数
import WebTileLayer from '@geoscene/core/layers/WebTileLayer.js'
import Basemap from '@geoscene/core/Basemap.js'
import { TIANDITU_CONFIG } from '@/utils/mapConfig.js'const createTiandituBasemap = (mapType = 'vector') => {let layerType = ''let annotationType = ''switch (mapType) {case 'satellite':layerType = 'img_w'annotationType = 'cia_w'breakcase 'terrain':layerType = 'ter_w'annotationType = 'cta_w'breakdefault: // vectorlayerType = 'vec_w'annotationType = 'cva_w'}return new Basemap({baseLayers: [// 底图层new WebTileLayer({urlTemplate: `${TIANDITU_CONFIG.baseUrl}/${layerType}/wmts?SERVICE=WMTS&REQUEST=GetTile&VERSION=1.0.0&LAYER=${layerType.split('_')[0]}&STYLE=default&TILEMATRIXSET=w&FORMAT=tiles&TILEMATRIX={level}&TILEROW={row}&TILECOL={col}&tk=${TIANDITU_CONFIG.key}`,subDomains: ['0', '1', '2', '3'],copyright: '© 天地图'}),// 标注层new WebTileLayer({urlTemplate: `${TIANDITU_CONFIG.baseUrl}/${annotationType}/wmts?SERVICE=WMTS&REQUEST=GetTile&VERSION=1.0.0&LAYER=${annotationType.split('_')[0]}&STYLE=default&TILEMATRIXSET=w&FORMAT=tiles&TILEMATRIX={level}&TILEROW={row}&TILECOL={col}&tk=${TIANDITU_CONFIG.key}`,subDomains: ['0', '1', '2', '3'],copyright: '© 天地图'})]})
}

地图基础操作

1. 地图导航控制

// 添加地图导航控件
import Home from '@geoscene/core/widgets/Home.js'
import Zoom from '@geoscene/core/widgets/Zoom.js'
import Compass from '@geoscene/core/widgets/Compass.js'const addMapControls = (view) => {// 添加缩放控件const zoomWidget = new Zoom({view: view})view.ui.add(zoomWidget, 'top-left')// 添加指南针控件const compassWidget = new Compass({view: view})view.ui.add(compassWidget, 'top-left')// 添加主页按钮const homeWidget = new Home({view: view})view.ui.add(homeWidget, 'top-left')
}

2. 地图视图操作

// 地图操作工具函数
export const mapOperations = {// 跳转到指定位置goTo: async (view, target, options = {}) => {try {await view.goTo(target, {duration: options.duration || 1000,easing: options.easing || 'ease-in-out'})} catch (error) {console.error('地图跳转失败:', error)}},// 设置地图中心点setCenter: (view, longitude, latitude, zoom = null) => {view.center = [longitude, latitude]if (zoom !== null) {view.zoom = zoom}},// 获取当前地图范围getExtent: (view) => {return view.extent},// 设置地图范围setExtent: async (view, extent) => {try {await view.goTo(extent)} catch (error) {console.error('设置地图范围失败:', error)}}
}

3. 地图事件处理

// 地图事件监听
const setupMapEvents = (view) => {// 点击事件view.on('click', (event) => {console.log('地图被点击:', event.mapPoint)const { longitude, latitude } = event.mapPointconsole.log(`坐标: ${longitude}, ${latitude}`)})// 双击事件view.on('double-click', (event) => {console.log('地图被双击:', event.mapPoint)// 阻止默认的缩放行为event.stopPropagation()})// 鼠标移动事件view.on('pointer-move', (event) => {// 获取鼠标位置的地理坐标const point = view.toMap(event)if (point) {// 可以在这里更新坐标显示updateCoordinateDisplay(point.longitude, point.latitude)}})// 地图范围变化事件view.watch('extent', (newExtent) => {console.log('地图范围发生变化:', newExtent)})// 缩放级别变化事件view.watch('zoom', (newZoom) => {console.log('缩放级别变化:', newZoom)})
}

添加图层和数据

1. 添加图形图层

import GraphicsLayer from '@geoscene/core/layers/GraphicsLayer.js'
import Graphic from '@geoscene/core/Graphic.js'
import Point from '@geoscene/core/geometry/Point.js'
import SimpleMarkerSymbol from '@geoscene/core/symbols/SimpleMarkerSymbol.js'// 创建图形图层
const createGraphicsLayer = () => {return new GraphicsLayer({id: 'graphics-layer',title: '标记图层'})
}// 添加点标记
const addPointMarker = (layer, longitude, latitude, attributes = {}) => {// 创建点几何const point = new Point({longitude: longitude,latitude: latitude})// 创建点符号const symbol = new SimpleMarkerSymbol({color: [226, 119, 40], // 橙色outline: {color: [255, 255, 255], // 白色边框width: 2},size: 12})// 创建图形const graphic = new Graphic({geometry: point,symbol: symbol,attributes: attributes})// 添加到图层layer.add(graphic)return graphic
}

2. 添加自定义图标

import PictureMarkerSymbol from '@geoscene/core/symbols/PictureMarkerSymbol.js'// 创建自定义图标标记
const addCustomIconMarker = (layer, longitude, latitude, iconUrl, attributes = {}) => {const point = new Point({longitude: longitude,latitude: latitude})// 使用图片符号const symbol = new PictureMarkerSymbol({url: iconUrl,width: 32,height: 32})const graphic = new Graphic({geometry: point,symbol: symbol,attributes: attributes})layer.add(graphic)return graphic
}// 批量添加标记点
const addMultipleMarkers = (layer, markersData) => {const graphics = markersData.map(marker => {return addCustomIconMarker(layer,marker.longitude,marker.latitude,marker.iconUrl,marker.attributes)})return graphics
}

3. 添加线和面

import Polyline from '@geoscene/core/geometry/Polyline.js'
import Polygon from '@geoscene/core/geometry/Polygon.js'
import SimpleLineSymbol from '@geoscene/core/symbols/SimpleLineSymbol.js'
import SimpleFillSymbol from '@geoscene/core/symbols/SimpleFillSymbol.js'// 添加线要素
const addPolyline = (layer, paths, attributes = {}) => {const polyline = new Polyline({paths: paths})const symbol = new SimpleLineSymbol({color: [226, 119, 40],width: 4})const graphic = new Graphic({geometry: polyline,symbol: symbol,attributes: attributes})layer.add(graphic)return graphic
}// 添加面要素
const addPolygon = (layer, rings, attributes = {}) => {const polygon = new Polygon({rings: rings})const symbol = new SimpleFillSymbol({color: [227, 139, 79, 0.8], // 半透明填充outline: {color: [255, 255, 255],width: 1}})const graphic = new Graphic({geometry: polygon,symbol: symbol,attributes: attributes})layer.add(graphic)return graphic
}

交互功能实现

1. 弹窗功能

import PopupTemplate from '@geoscene/core/PopupTemplate.js'// 创建弹窗模板
const createPopupTemplate = (title, content) => {return new PopupTemplate({title: title,content: content,// 自定义弹窗操作actions: [{title: '详细信息',id: 'show-details',className: 'geoscene-icon-description'},{title: '导航到此',id: 'navigate-to',className: 'geoscene-icon-navigation'}]})
}// 为图形添加弹窗
const addPopupToGraphic = (graphic, popupTemplate) => {graphic.popupTemplate = popupTemplate
}// 处理弹窗操作
const handlePopupActions = (view) => {view.popup.on('trigger-action', (event) => {const action = event.actionswitch (action.id) {case 'show-details':console.log('显示详细信息')// 实现详细信息逻辑breakcase 'navigate-to':console.log('导航到此位置')// 实现导航逻辑break}})
}

2. 绘制工具

import SketchViewModel from '@geoscene/core/widgets/Sketch/SketchViewModel.js'// 创建绘制工具
const createSketchViewModel = (view, layer) => {return new SketchViewModel({view: view,layer: layer,// 绘制符号样式pointSymbol: new SimpleMarkerSymbol({color: [255, 0, 0],size: 10}),polylineSymbol: new SimpleLineSymbol({color: [0, 255, 0],width: 3}),polygonSymbol: new SimpleFillSymbol({color: [0, 0, 255, 0.3],outline: {color: [0, 0, 255],width: 2}})})
}// 绘制操作
const drawingOperations = {// 开始绘制点drawPoint: (sketchViewModel) => {sketchViewModel.create('point')},// 开始绘制线drawPolyline: (sketchViewModel) => {sketchViewModel.create('polyline')},// 开始绘制面drawPolygon: (sketchViewModel) => {sketchViewModel.create('polygon')},// 取消绘制cancel: (sketchViewModel) => {sketchViewModel.cancel()}
}// 监听绘制事件
const setupDrawingEvents = (sketchViewModel) => {// 绘制完成事件sketchViewModel.on('create', (event) => {if (event.state === 'complete') {console.log('绘制完成:', event.graphic)// 处理绘制完成的图形handleDrawingComplete(event.graphic)}})// 更新事件sketchViewModel.on('update', (event) => {if (event.state === 'complete') {console.log('更新完成:', event.graphics)}})// 删除事件sketchViewModel.on('delete', (event) => {console.log('删除图形:', event.graphics)})
}

3. 测量工具

import DistanceMeasurement2D from '@geoscene/core/widgets/DistanceMeasurement2D.js'
import AreaMeasurement2D from '@geoscene/core/widgets/AreaMeasurement2D.js'// 创建距离测量工具
const createDistanceMeasurement = (view) => {const distanceMeasurement = new DistanceMeasurement2D({view: view})return distanceMeasurement
}// 创建面积测量工具
const createAreaMeasurement = (view) => {const areaMeasurement = new AreaMeasurement2D({view: view})return areaMeasurement
}// 测量工具管理
const measurementTools = {distanceTool: null,areaTool: null,// 开始距离测量startDistanceMeasurement: (view) => {// 清除其他测量工具measurementTools.clearAll()measurementTools.distanceTool = createDistanceMeasurement(view)view.ui.add(measurementTools.distanceTool, 'top-right')},// 开始面积测量startAreaMeasurement: (view) => {// 清除其他测量工具measurementTools.clearAll()measurementTools.areaTool = createAreaMeasurement(view)view.ui.add(measurementTools.areaTool, 'top-right')},// 清除所有测量工具clearAll: () => {if (measurementTools.distanceTool) {measurementTools.distanceTool.destroy()measurementTools.distanceTool = null}if (measurementTools.areaTool) {measurementTools.areaTool.destroy()measurementTools.areaTool = null}}
}

高级功能应用

1. 聚合显示

import FeatureLayer from '@geoscene/core/layers/FeatureLayer.js'// 创建聚合图层
const createClusterLayer = (data) => {// 创建要素图层const featureLayer = new FeatureLayer({source: data.map(item => ({geometry: {type: 'point',longitude: item.longitude,latitude: item.latitude},attributes: item.attributes})),objectIdField: 'ObjectID',geometryType: 'point',spatialReference: { wkid: 4326 },fields: [{name: 'ObjectID',alias: 'ObjectID',type: 'oid'},{name: 'name',alias: '名称',type: 'string'}],// 启用聚合featureReduction: {type: 'cluster',clusterRadius: '100px',popupTemplate: {title: '聚合点',content: '此处有 {cluster_count} 个点'},symbol: {type: 'simple-marker',color: '#69dcff',outline: {color: 'rgba(0, 139, 174, 0.5)',width: 15},size: 15},labelingInfo: [{deconflictionStrategy: 'none',labelExpressionInfo: {expression: '$feature.cluster_count_label'},symbol: {type: 'text',color: '#004a5d',font: {weight: 'bold',family: 'Noto Sans',size: 10}},labelPlacement: 'center-center'}]}})return featureLayer
}

2. 热力图

// 创建热力图图层
const createHeatmapLayer = (data) => {const featureLayer = new FeatureLayer({source: data,objectIdField: 'ObjectID',fields: [{name: 'ObjectID',alias: 'ObjectID',type: 'oid'},{name: 'intensity',alias: '强度',type: 'double'}],// 使用热力图渲染器renderer: {type: 'heatmap',field: 'intensity',colorStops: [{ color: 'rgba(63, 40, 102, 0)', ratio: 0 },{ color: '#472d7b', ratio: 0.083 },{ color: '#4e2d87', ratio: 0.166 },{ color: '#563086', ratio: 0.249 },{ color: '#5d3280', ratio: 0.332 },{ color: '#65337c', ratio: 0.415 },{ color: '#6e3375', ratio: 0.498 },{ color: '#76336e', ratio: 0.581 },{ color: '#7f3465', ratio: 0.664 },{ color: '#88355f', ratio: 0.747 },{ color: '#903658', ratio: 0.83 },{ color: '#99374f', ratio: 0.913 },{ color: '#a23847', ratio: 1 }],maxPixelIntensity: 25,minPixelIntensity: 1}})return featureLayer
}
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