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Java表格处理详解以及结合实际项目使用

news 2025/8/28 16:27:00

Java表格处理详解以及结合项目使用

Java表格处理概述

1. 表格处理的重要性

在企业级应用中，表格处理是一个非常重要的功能模块，主要用于：

数据导入: 批量导入业务数据，如学生信息、用户数据等
数据导出: 导出业务数据为Excel格式，便于用户查看和分析
数据交换: 不同系统间的数据交换和迁移
报表生成: 生成各种业务报表和统计信息
模板管理: 提供标准化的数据模板

2. 表格文件格式

Java主要处理的表格格式包括：

Excel 97-2003: .xls 格式，使用HSSF API
Excel 2007+: .xlsx 格式，使用XSSF API
CSV: 逗号分隔值文件
TSV: 制表符分隔值文件

主流表格处理框架对比

1. Apache POI

1.1 基本介绍

Apache POI是Apache软件基金会的开源项目，提供了完整的Java API来操作Microsoft Office文档。

1.2 优势特点

功能完整: 支持所有Excel功能，包括样式、公式、图表等
成熟稳定: 经过多年发展，社区活跃，文档完善
灵活性强: 可以精确控制每个单元格的格式和内容
官方支持: Apache官方项目，更新维护及时

1.3 劣势不足

内存占用大: 大文件处理时内存消耗较高
API复杂: 需要编写较多代码来实现简单功能
性能一般: 大数据量处理性能相对较低

2. EasyPoi

2.1 基本介绍

EasyPoi是基于POI的封装工具，简化了Excel的导入导出操作，提供了注解驱动的开发方式。

2.2 优势特点

注解驱动: 使用注解配置，代码简洁
功能丰富: 支持导入导出、模板导出、图片导出等
易于使用: 学习成本低，开发效率高
集成方便: 与Spring Boot集成良好

2.3 劣势不足

功能限制: 某些复杂场景下功能受限
性能问题: 大数据量处理时存在稳定性问题
定制性差: 高度封装导致定制化能力有限

3. EasyExcel

3.1 基本介绍

EasyExcel是阿里巴巴开源的Excel处理工具，基于POI但进行了大量优化，特别适合大数据量处理。

3.2 优势特点

性能优秀: 采用流式读写，内存占用低
大数据支持: 专门针对大数据量场景优化
异步处理: 支持异步读写，提高性能
功能完整: 支持导入导出、样式设置等

3.3 劣势不足

学习成本: 相对POI需要学习新的API
生态相对: 相比POI生态相对较小
版本兼容: 不同版本间可能存在兼容性问题

4. 框架对比总结

框架	适用场景	性能	易用性	功能完整性	学习成本
Apache POI	复杂Excel操作、样式控制	中等	中等	最高	高
EasyPoi	简单导入导出、快速开发	中等	高	中等	低
EasyExcel	大数据量处理、性能要求高	高	中等	高	中等

项目实际使用分析

1. 项目依赖配置

基于对项目代码的分析，该项目采用了混合使用的策略：

1.1 父POM依赖

<!-- EasyPoi依赖 -->
<dependency><groupId>cn.afterturn</groupId><artifactId>easypoi-spring-boot-starter</artifactId><version>4.4.0</version>
</dependency><!-- EasyExcel依赖 -->
<dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>easyexcel</artifactId><version>3.3.2</version>
</dependency>

1.2 使用策略分析

EasyPoi: 主要用于中小数据量的导入导出，开发效率高
EasyExcel: 用于大数据量场景，如学生名单导出、批量数据处理
原生POI: 在特定场景下使用，如复杂样式控制、模板处理

2. 项目使用场景分布

2.1 数据导入场景

学生信息批量导入
用户角色批量导入
审核数据批量导入
学籍信息批量导入

2.2 数据导出场景

学生名单导出
审核结果导出
统计报表导出
摇号结果导出

具体代码用例

1. EasyPoi使用示例

1.1 实体类注解配置

public class UserRoleImportVo {@Excel(name = "*身份证号", orderNum = "1", width = 20)private String idCard;@Excel(name = "*姓名", orderNum = "2", width = 10)private String name;@Excel(name = "*手机号", orderNum = "3", width = 20)private String phone;@Excel(name = "*角色", orderNum = "4", width = 20)private String role;@Excel(name = "*组织", orderNum = "5", width = 20)private String organization;@Excel(name = "学段", orderNum = "6", width = 20)private String phase;@Excel(name = "*学校/机构", orderNum = "7", width = 30)private String school;@Excel(name = "错误信息", orderNum = "8", width = 30)private String errorMsg;// getter和setter方法
}

1.2 数据导入实现

@PostMapping("/import")
public ResultVO importUserRoles(@RequestPart("file") MultipartFile file) {try {// 设置导入参数ImportParams params = new ImportParams();params.setTitleRows(0);        // 标题行数params.setHeadRows(1);         // 表头行数params.setNeedVerify(true);    // 是否需要校验// 执行导入ExcelImportResult<UserRoleImportVo> result = ExcelImportUtil.importExcelMore(file.getInputStream(), UserRoleImportVo.class, params);List<UserRoleImportVo> successList = result.getList();List<UserRoleImportVo> failList = result.getFailList();// 处理导入结果if (!failList.isEmpty()) {// 生成错误报告String errorReport = generateErrorReport(failList);return ResultUtils.error("导入完成，但有部分数据失败", errorReport);}// 批量保存成功数据userRoleService.batchSave(successList);return ResultUtils.success("导入成功，共导入" + successList.size() + "条数据");} catch (Exception e) {log.error("用户角色导入失败", e);return ResultUtils.error("导入失败：" + e.getMessage());}
}

1.3 数据导出实现

@GetMapping("/export")
public void exportUserRoles(HttpServletResponse response, @RequestParam(required = false) String keyword) {try {// 查询数据List<UserRoleExportVo> dataList = userRoleService.queryForExport(keyword);// 设置响应头response.setContentType("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet");response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=user_roles_" + DateUtils.getCurrentDate() + ".xlsx");// 执行导出ExportParams params = new ExportParams("用户角色列表", "用户角色");params.setStyle(ExcelExportStyleDefaultImpl.class);Workbook workbook = ExcelExportUtil.exportExcel(params, UserRoleExportVo.class, dataList);workbook.write(response.getOutputStream());workbook.close();} catch (Exception e) {log.error("用户角色导出失败", e);throw new RuntimeException("导出失败");}
}

2. EasyExcel使用示例

2.1 大数据量导出

@GetMapping("/exportLarge")
public void exportLargeData(HttpServletResponse response) {try {response.setContentType("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet");response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=large_data_" + DateUtils.getCurrentDate() + ".xlsx");// 使用EasyExcel的流式写入EasyExcel.write(response.getOutputStream(), StudentExportVo.class).sheet("学生信息").doWrite(() -> {// 分页查询数据，避免内存溢出return studentService.queryForExportInBatches();});} catch (Exception e) {log.error("大数据量导出失败", e);throw new RuntimeException("导出失败");}
}

2.2 自定义样式导出

@GetMapping("/exportWithStyle")
public void exportWithCustomStyle(HttpServletResponse response) {try {response.setContentType("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet");response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=styled_data.xlsx");// 自定义样式WriteCellStyle headerStyle = new WriteCellStyle();headerStyle.setFillForegroundColor(IndexedColors.GREY_25_PERCENT.getIndex());headerStyle.setFillPatternType(FillPatternType.SOLID_FOREGROUND);WriteCellStyle contentStyle = new WriteCellStyle();contentStyle.setFillForegroundColor(IndexedColors.WHITE.getIndex());// 应用样式EasyExcel.write(response.getOutputStream(), StudentExportVo.class).registerWriteHandler(new HorizontalCellStyleStrategy(headerStyle, contentStyle)).sheet("学生信息").doWrite(studentService.queryAll());} catch (Exception e) {log.error("样式导出失败", e);throw new RuntimeException("导出失败");}
}

3. 原生POI使用示例

3.1 复杂模板处理

public void processExcelTemplate(MultipartFile file, HttpServletResponse response) {try {// 读取模板文件Workbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(file.getInputStream());Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);// 填充数据到指定位置fillDataToTemplate(sheet, getBusinessData());// 设置响应头response.setContentType("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet");response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=processed_template.xlsx");// 输出文件workbook.write(response.getOutputStream());workbook.close();} catch (Exception e) {log.error("模板处理失败", e);throw new RuntimeException("模板处理失败");}
}private void fillDataToTemplate(Sheet sheet, List<BusinessData> dataList) {int startRow = 5; // 数据开始行for (int i = 0; i < dataList.size(); i++) {BusinessData data = dataList.get(i);Row row = sheet.createRow(startRow + i);// 填充各个字段createCell(row, 0, data.getName());createCell(row, 1, data.getAge());createCell(row, 2, data.getScore());// 设置样式applyRowStyle(row);}
}private void createCell(Row row, int colIndex, Object value) {Cell cell = row.createCell(colIndex);if (value instanceof String) {cell.setCellValue((String) value);} else if (value instanceof Integer) {cell.setCellValue((Integer) value);} else if (value instanceof Double) {cell.setCellValue((Double) value);}
}

4. 项目实际工具类

4.1 ExcelUtils工具类

@Component
public class ExcelUtils {/*** 导出数据到指定文件*/public static void exportExcel(File file, ExportSheetVO export) {ExportParams params = new ExportParams(export.getTitle(),Optional.ofNullable(export.getSheetName()).orElse("文件导出"), ExcelType.XSSF);Workbook workbook = ExcelExportUtil.exportExcel(params, export.getPojoClass(),Optional.ofNullable(export.getDataSet()).orElse(new ArrayList<>()));try (FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file)) {workbook.write(fos);} catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException("导出失败", e);}}/*** 读取Excel数据*/public static <T> List<T> readExcel(String pathName, Integer titleRows, Integer headerRows, Class<T> pojoClass) {ImportParams params = new ImportParams();params.setTitleRows(titleRows);params.setHeadRows(headerRows);try {return ExcelImportUtil.importExcel(new File(pathName), pojoClass, params);} catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException("读取Excel失败", e);}}/*** 检查Excel表头*/public static boolean checkExcelHeaders(MultipartFile file, List<String> headers) {try {InputStream inputStream = file.getInputStream();List<String> actualHeaders = new ArrayList<>();Workbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(inputStream);Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);Row row = sheet.getRow(0);for (int i = 0; i < row.getLastCellNum(); i++) {Cell cell = row.getCell(i);if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(cell.getStringCellValue())) {actualHeaders.add(cell.getStringCellValue());}}return headers.size() == actualHeaders.size() && headers.containsAll(actualHeaders);} catch (Exception e) {log.error("检查Excel表头失败", e);return false;}}
}

4.2 ExportUtils导出工具类

@Slf4j
public class ExportUtils {/*** 大数据量导出方法 - 使用纯POI API*/public static <T> void exportLargeDataSimple(HttpServletResponse response, String fileName, String title, String sheetName, Class<T> clazz, List<T> dataList) {try {long start = System.currentTimeMillis();// 设置响应头response.setHeader("content-Type", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet");fileName = URLEncoder.encode(fileName + "-" + getDate("yyyyMMddHHmmss"), "UTF-8") + ".xlsx";response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + fileName);response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");// 使用SXSSFWorkbook，内存友好try (SXSSFWorkbook workbook = new SXSSFWorkbook(100)) {Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(sheetName);// 获取@Excel注解的字段List<FieldInfo> fieldInfos = getExcelFields(clazz);// 创建表头createHeaderRow(sheet, fieldInfos, title);// 分批写入数据，避免内存溢出int batchSize = 5000;int currentRowIndex = 1;for (int i = 0; i < dataList.size(); i += batchSize) {int endIndex = Math.min(i + batchSize, dataList.size());List<T> batch = dataList.subList(i, endIndex);// 写入批次数据for (T data : batch) {Row row = sheet.createRow(currentRowIndex++);fillRowData(row, data, fieldInfos);}// 清理内存if (i % (batchSize * 10) == 0) {System.gc();}}// 输出文件workbook.write(response.getOutputStream());}long end = System.currentTimeMillis();log.info("导出Excel耗时：{}ms", end - start);} catch (Exception e) {log.error("导出失败", e);throw new RuntimeException("导出失败");}}/*** 获取Excel字段信息*/private static <T> List<FieldInfo> getExcelFields(Class<T> clazz) {java.lang.reflect.Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();List<FieldInfo> fieldInfos = new ArrayList<>();for (java.lang.reflect.Field field : fields) {if (field.isAnnotationPresent(cn.afterturn.easypoi.excel.annotation.Excel.class)) {cn.afterturn.easypoi.excel.annotation.Excel excel = field.getAnnotation(cn.afterturn.easypoi.excel.annotation.Excel.class);field.setAccessible(true);String orderStr = excel.orderNum();int orderNum = 0;try {orderNum = Integer.parseInt(orderStr);} catch (NumberFormatException e) {orderNum = 0;}fieldInfos.add(new FieldInfo(field, excel.name(), orderNum));}}fieldInfos.sort((a, b) -> Integer.compare(a.getOrderNum(), b.getOrderNum()));return fieldInfos;}
}

重难点分析

1. 大数据量处理

难点描述

内存溢出: 一次性加载大量数据到内存
性能问题: 处理速度慢，用户体验差
稳定性差: 长时间运行容易崩溃

解决方案

// 1. 使用流式处理
public void exportLargeDataStream(HttpServletResponse response, List<Data> dataList) {try (SXSSFWorkbook workbook = new SXSSFWorkbook(100)) { // 内存中只保留100行Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("数据");// 分批处理int batchSize = 5000;for (int i = 0; i < dataList.size(); i += batchSize) {int endIndex = Math.min(i + batchSize, dataList.size());List<Data> batch = dataList.subList(i, endIndex);// 处理批次数据processBatch(sheet, batch, i / batchSize);// 定期清理内存if (i % (batchSize * 10) == 0) {System.gc();}}workbook.write(response.getOutputStream());}
}// 2. 异步处理
@Async
public CompletableFuture<String> exportLargeDataAsync(List<Data> dataList) {String fileName = "export_" + System.currentTimeMillis() + ".xlsx";String filePath = "/tmp/" + fileName;try (SXSSFWorkbook workbook = new SXSSFWorkbook(100)) {// 异步处理逻辑processDataAsync(workbook, dataList);workbook.write(new FileOutputStream(filePath));return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(fileName);} catch (Exception e) {return CompletableFuture.failedFuture(e);}
}

2. 数据验证和错误处理

难点描述

数据格式: Excel中数据格式不统一
数据完整性: 必填字段缺失、数据重复等
错误反馈: 如何向用户提供清晰的错误信息

解决方案

// 1. 数据验证器
@Component
public class ExcelDataValidator {public ValidationResult validateStudentData(StudentImportVo data) {ValidationResult result = new ValidationResult();// 必填字段验证if (StringUtils.isBlank(data.getName())) {result.addError("姓名不能为空");}if (StringUtils.isBlank(data.getIdCard())) {result.addError("身份证号不能为空");} else if (!IdCardValidator.isValid(data.getIdCard())) {result.addError("身份证号格式不正确");}// 数据格式验证if (data.getAge() != null && (data.getAge() < 3 || data.getAge() > 25)) {result.addError("年龄必须在3-25岁之间");}// 业务规则验证if (!validateBusinessRules(data)) {result.addError("不符合业务规则");}return result;}
}// 2. 批量验证和错误收集
public ExcelImportResult<StudentImportVo> importWithValidation(MultipartFile file) {ImportParams params = new ImportParams();params.setNeedVerify(true);params.setVerifyHandler(new StudentVerifyHandler());try {ExcelImportResult<StudentImportVo> result = ExcelImportUtil.importExcelMore(file.getInputStream(), StudentImportVo.class, params);// 处理验证结果List<StudentImportVo> successList = new ArrayList<>();List<StudentImportVo> failList = new ArrayList<>();for (StudentImportVo data : result.getList()) {ValidationResult validation = validator.validateStudentData(data);if (validation.isValid()) {successList.add(data);} else {data.setErrorMsg(String.join("; ", validation.getErrors()));failList.add(data);}}// 生成错误报告if (!failList.isEmpty()) {generateErrorReport(failList);}return result;} catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException("导入失败", e);}
}

3. 样式和格式控制

难点描述

样式复杂: 需要设置多种样式，如颜色、字体、边框等
格式统一: 保持导出文件格式的一致性
性能影响: 样式设置对性能的影响

解决方案

// 1. 样式工厂模式
@Component
public class ExcelStyleFactory {private final Map<String, CellStyle> styleCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();public CellStyle getHeaderStyle(Workbook workbook) {return styleCache.computeIfAbsent("header", key -> createHeaderStyle(workbook));}public CellStyle getContentStyle(Workbook workbook) {return styleCache.computeIfAbsent("content", key -> createContentStyle(workbook));}public CellStyle getErrorStyle(Workbook workbook) {return styleCache.computeIfAbsent("error", key -> createErrorStyle(workbook));}private CellStyle createHeaderStyle(Workbook workbook) {CellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle();Font font = workbook.createFont();font.setBold(true);font.setColor(IndexedColors.WHITE.getIndex());style.setFont(font);style.setFillForegroundColor(IndexedColors.BLUE.getIndex());style.setFillPattern(FillPatternType.SOLID_FOREGROUND);style.setBorderTop(BorderStyle.THIN);style.setBorderBottom(BorderStyle.THIN);style.setBorderLeft(BorderStyle.THIN);style.setBorderRight(BorderStyle.THIN);style.setAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.CENTER);style.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.CENTER);return style;}
}// 2. 条件样式
public class ConditionalStyleHandler implements WriteHandler {@Overridepublic void afterCellDispose(WriteSheetHolder writeSheetHolder, WriteTableHolder writeTableHolder, List<CellData> cellDataList, Cell cell, Head head, Integer relativeRowIndex, Boolean isHead) {if (isHead) {return;}// 根据数据内容设置样式String cellValue = cell.getStringCellValue();if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(cellValue)) {if (cellValue.contains("错误")) {cell.setCellStyle(getErrorStyle(writeSheetHolder.getSheet().getWorkbook()));} else if (cellValue.contains("警告")) {cell.setCellStyle(getWarningStyle(writeSheetHolder.getSheet().getWorkbook()));}}}
}

4. 并发和性能优化

难点描述

并发冲突: 多用户同时导出时的资源竞争
性能瓶颈: 单线程处理大数据量效率低
资源管理: 内存和CPU资源的合理分配

解决方案

// 1. 线程池管理
@Configuration
public class ExcelExportConfig {@Bean("excelExportExecutor")public ExecutorService excelExportExecutor() {return new ThreadPoolExecutor(5,                      // 核心线程数10,                     // 最大线程数60L,                    // 空闲时间TimeUnit.SECONDS,       // 时间单位new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(100),  // 工作队列new ThreadFactoryBuilder().setNameFormat("excel-export-%d").build(),new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy()  // 拒绝策略);}
}// 2. 异步导出服务
@Service
public class AsyncExportService {@Autowired@Qualifier("excelExportExecutor")private ExecutorService executorService;public CompletableFuture<String> exportAsync(ExportRequest request) {return CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {try {return processExport(request);} catch (Exception e) {log.error("异步导出失败", e);throw new CompletionException(e);}}, executorService);}private String processExport(ExportRequest request) {// 导出处理逻辑String fileName = "export_" + System.currentTimeMillis() + ".xlsx";String filePath = "/tmp/exports/" + fileName;try (SXSSFWorkbook workbook = new SXSSFWorkbook(100)) {// 处理导出逻辑processExportData(workbook, request);workbook.write(new FileOutputStream(filePath));return fileName;} catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException("导出处理失败", e);}}
}// 3. 进度监控
public class ExportProgressMonitor {private final Map<String, ExportProgress> progressMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();public void updateProgress(String taskId, int current, int total) {ExportProgress progress = progressMap.computeIfAbsent(taskId, k -> new ExportProgress());progress.setCurrent(current);progress.setTotal(total);progress.setPercentage((int) ((double) current / total * 100));progress.setUpdateTime(new Date());}public ExportProgress getProgress(String taskId) {return progressMap.get(taskId);}public void removeProgress(String taskId) {progressMap.remove(taskId);}
}

最佳实践建议

1. 框架选择策略

1.1 根据数据量选择

// 小数据量（<1000条）：使用EasyPoi
if (dataSize < 1000) {return exportWithEasyPoi(dataList, response);
}// 中等数据量（1000-10000条）：使用EasyExcel
else if (dataSize < 10000) {return exportWithEasyExcel(dataList, response);
}// 大数据量（>10000条）：使用原生POI + 流式处理
else {return exportWithNativePoi(dataList, response);
}

1.2 根据功能复杂度选择

// 简单导入导出：EasyPoi
if (isSimpleImportExport()) {return useEasyPoi();
}// 需要样式控制：EasyExcel
else if (needStyleControl()) {return useEasyExcel();
}// 复杂模板处理：原生POI
else if (needTemplateProcessing()) {return useNativePoi();
}

2. 性能优化建议

// 1. 使用缓存
@Component
public class ExcelStyleCache {private final Map<String, CellStyle> styleCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();public CellStyle getStyle(String key, Supplier<CellStyle> styleSupplier) {return styleCache.computeIfAbsent(key, k -> styleSupplier.get());}
}// 2. 批量处理
public void processDataInBatches(List<Data> dataList, int batchSize) {for (int i = 0; i < dataList.size(); i += batchSize) {int endIndex = Math.min(i + batchSize, dataList.size());List<Data> batch = dataList.subList(i, endIndex);// 处理批次数据processBatch(batch);// 定期清理内存if (i % (batchSize * 10) == 0) {System.gc();}}
}// 3. 异步处理
@Async
public CompletableFuture<String> processLargeFileAsync(MultipartFile file) {return CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {// 异步处理逻辑return processFile(file);});
}

3. 错误处理最佳实践

// 1. 统一异常处理
@ControllerAdvice
public class ExcelExceptionHandler {@ExceptionHandler(ExcelImportException.class)public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleExcelImportException(ExcelImportException e) {ErrorResponse error = new ErrorResponse();error.setMessage("Excel导入失败");error.setDetails(e.getErrors());error.setTimestamp(new Date());return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(error);}@ExceptionHandler(ExcelExportException.class)public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleExcelExportException(ExcelExportException e) {ErrorResponse error = new ErrorResponse();error.setMessage("Excel导出失败");error.setDetails(e.getMessage());error.setTimestamp(new Date());return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(error);}
}// 2. 错误信息收集
public class ExcelErrorCollector {private final List<ExcelError> errors = new ArrayList<>();public void addError(int row, int col, String message) {errors.add(new ExcelError(row, col, message));}public void addError(int row, String field, String message) {errors.add(new ExcelError(row, field, message));}public boolean hasErrors() {return !errors.isEmpty();}public List<ExcelError> getErrors() {return new ArrayList<>(errors);}public String generateErrorReport() {if (errors.isEmpty()) {return "无错误";}StringBuilder report = new StringBuilder();report.append("发现 ").append(errors.size()).append(" 个错误：\n");for (ExcelError error : errors) {report.append("第").append(error.getRow()).append("行");if (error.getField() != null) {report.append("，字段：").append(error.getField());}report.append("：").append(error.getMessage()).append("\n");}return report.toString();}
}

4. 监控和日志

// 1. 性能监控
@Aspect
@Component
public class ExcelPerformanceMonitor {private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ExcelPerformanceMonitor.class);@Around("@annotation(MonitorExcel)")public Object monitorExcelOperation(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable {long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();String methodName = joinPoint.getSignature().getName();try {Object result = joinPoint.proceed();long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();long duration = endTime - startTime;log.info("Excel操作 {} 执行完成，耗时：{}ms", methodName, duration);// 记录性能指标recordPerformanceMetrics(methodName, duration);return result;} catch (Exception e) {long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();long duration = endTime - startTime;log.error("Excel操作 {} 执行失败，耗时：{}ms，错误：{}", methodName, duration, e.getMessage(), e);throw e;}}
}// 2. 操作日志
@Component
public class ExcelOperationLogger {private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ExcelOperationLogger.class);public void logImportOperation(String fileName, int totalRows, int successRows, int failRows, String operator) {log.info("Excel导入操作 - 文件：{}，总行数：{}，成功：{}，失败：{}，操作人：{}", fileName, totalRows, successRows, failRows, operator);}public void logExportOperation(String fileName, int totalRows, String operator) {log.info("Excel导出操作 - 文件：{}，总行数：{}，操作人：{}", fileName, totalRows, operator);}public void logError(String operation, String fileName, String error, String operator) {log.error("Excel操作失败 - 操作：{}，文件：{}，错误：{}，操作人：{}", operation, fileName, error, operator);}
}