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开源 Arkts 鸿蒙应用 开发（十八）通讯--Ble低功耗蓝牙服务器

news 2025/8/17 7:25:06

 文章的目的为了记录使用Arkts 进行Harmony app 开发学习的经历。本职为嵌入式软件开发，公司安排开发app，临时学习，完成app的开发。开发流程和要点有些记忆模糊，赶紧记录，防止忘记。

 相关链接：

开源 Arkts 鸿蒙应用 开发（一）工程文件分析-CSDN博客

开源 Arkts 鸿蒙应用 开发（二）封装库.har制作和应用-CSDN博客

开源 Arkts 鸿蒙应用 开发（三）Arkts的介绍-CSDN博客

开源 Arkts 鸿蒙应用 开发（四）布局和常用控件-CSDN博客

开源 Arkts 鸿蒙应用 开发（五）控件组成和复杂控件-CSDN博客

开源 Arkts 鸿蒙应用 开发（六）数据持久--文件和首选项存储-CSDN博客

开源 Arkts 鸿蒙应用 开发（七）数据持久--sqlite关系数据库-CSDN博客

开源 Arkts 鸿蒙应用 开发（八）多媒体--相册和相机-CSDN博客

开源 Arkts 鸿蒙应用 开发（九）通讯--tcp客户端-CSDN博客

开源 Arkts 鸿蒙应用 开发（十）通讯--Http-CSDN博客

开源 Arkts 鸿蒙应用 开发（十一）证书和包名修改-CSDN博客

开源 Arkts 鸿蒙应用 开发（十二）传感器的使用-CSDN博客

开源 Arkts 鸿蒙应用 开发（十三）音频--MP3播放_arkts avplayer播放音频 mp3-CSDN博客

开源 Arkts 鸿蒙应用 开发（十四）线程--任务池(taskpool)-CSDN博客

开源 Arkts 鸿蒙应用 开发（十五）自定义绘图控件--仪表盘-CSDN博客

开源 Arkts 鸿蒙应用 开发（十六）自定义绘图控件--波形图-CSDN博客

开源 Arkts 鸿蒙应用 开发（十七）通讯--http多文件下载-CSDN博客

开源 Arkts 鸿蒙应用 开发（十八）通讯--Ble低功耗蓝牙服务器-CSDN博客

 推荐链接：

开源 java android app 开发（一）开发环境的搭建-CSDN博客

开源 java android app 开发（二）工程文件结构-CSDN博客

开源 java android app 开发（三）GUI界面布局和常用组件-CSDN博客

开源 java android app 开发（四）GUI界面重要组件-CSDN博客

开源 java android app 开发（五）文件和数据库存储-CSDN博客

开源 java android app 开发（六）多媒体使用-CSDN博客

开源 java android app 开发（七）通讯之Tcp和Http-CSDN博客

开源 java android app 开发（八）通讯之Mqtt和Ble-CSDN博客

开源 java android app 开发（九）后台之线程和服务-CSDN博客

开源 java android app 开发（十）广播机制-CSDN博客

开源 java android app 开发（十一）调试、发布-CSDN博客

开源 java android app 开发（十二）封库.aar-CSDN博客

推荐链接：

开源C# .net mvc 开发（一）WEB搭建_c#部署web程序-CSDN博客

开源 C# .net mvc 开发（二）网站快速搭建_c#网站开发-CSDN博客

开源 C# .net mvc 开发（三）WEB内外网访问(VS发布、IIS配置网站、花生壳外网穿刺访问)_c# mvc 域名下不可訪問內網,內網下可以訪問域名-CSDN博客

开源 C# .net mvc 开发（四）工程结构、页面提交以及显示_c#工程结构-CSDN博客

开源 C# .net mvc 开发（五）常用代码快速开发_c# mvc开发-CSDN博客

本章内容主要演示了蓝牙广播调试应用，主要功能是通过BLE广播发送包含设备ID的心率数据。

1.工程结构

2.源码解析

3.演示效果

4.工程下载网址

一、工程结构：

BluetoothServer.ets - 主界面和业务逻辑

AdvertiseBluetoothViewModel.ets - 蓝牙广播和GATT服务管理

AdvData.ets - 广播数据构造

辅助工具类：ArrayBufferUtils, MathUtils, Logger
 

二、源码解析

2.1  BluetoothServer.ets主界面组件，主要功能：提供UI界面让用户输入ID,管理广播状态,处理权限请求,协调视图模型操作。

函数说明:

toggleAdvertiser() - 切换广播状态

toggleHeartRate() - 开始/停止心率模拟

stringCheck() - 验证用户输入的ID格式

import { abilityAccessCtrl, common, Permissions } from '@kit.AbilityKit';
import { promptAction } from '@kit.ArkUI';
import { util } from '@kit.ArkTS';
import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit';
import { Logger } from '../utils/Logger';
import advertiseBluetoothViewModel from '../viewmodel/AdvertiseBluetoothViewModel';
import MathUtils from '../utils/MathUtils';
// ble.tsconst MIN_HEART_RATE = 40;
const MAX_HEART_RATE = 200;const PERMISSION_LIST: Array<Permissions> = ['ohos.permission.ACCESS_BLUETOOTH'
];function reqPermissionFromUser(permissions: Array<Permissions>, context: common.UIAbilityContext): void {const atManager: abilityAccessCtrl.AtManager = abilityAccessCtrl.createAtManager();atManager.requestPermissionsFromUser(context, permissions).then((data) => {Logger.info(`data:${JSON.stringify(data)}`);}).catch((err: BusinessError) => {Logger.error(`requestPermissionsFromUser fail: err = ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);})
}@Entry
@Component
export struct BluetoothServer {@StorageLink('deviceId') @Watch('onDeviceIdChange') deviceId: string = '';@StorageLink('bluetoothEnable') @Watch('onBluetoothEnableChange') bluetoothEnable: boolean = false;@State startAdvertiserState: boolean = false;@State localName: string = '';@State heartRate: number = -1;private mIntervalId: number = -1;@State myid: string = '' // IDprivate idArray: Uint8Array = new Uint8Array([0x00, 0x00, 0x00,0x0]);onDeviceIdChange(): void {Logger.info(`onDeviceIdChange: deviced = ${this.deviceId}`);}onBluetoothEnableChange(): void {if (this.bluetoothEnable) {this.toggleAdvertiser();} else {advertiseBluetoothViewModel.stopAdvertiser();this.toggleHeartRate(false);this.startAdvertiserState = false;promptAction.showToast({message: $r('app.string.bluetooth_off_Stop_heart_rate_broadcast'),duration: 2000});}}stringToBytes(val: string): number {let that = new util.TextEncoder('utf-8');let result = that.encodeInto(val);return result?.length ?? 0;}toggleAdvertiser(): void {if (this.startAdvertiserState) {advertiseBluetoothViewModel.stopAdvertiser();this.toggleHeartRate(false);this.startAdvertiserState = false;promptAction.showToast({message: $r('app.string.ble_heart_rate_broadcast_is_disabled'),duration: 2000});} else {let BLEName: string = advertiseBluetoothViewModel.getLocalName();if (this.stringToBytes(BLEName) > 22) {promptAction.showToast({message: $r('app.string.change_bluetooth_name'),duration: 2000});return;}let ret = advertiseBluetoothViewModel.startAdvertiser(this.idArray);if (ret) {this.localName = BLEName;this.toggleHeartRate(true);this.startAdvertiserState = true;promptAction.showToast({message: $r('app.string.the_ble_heart_rate_broadcast_has_been_enabled'),duration: 2000});}}}toggleHeartRate(open: boolean): void {clearInterval(this.mIntervalId);if (open) {this.mIntervalId = setInterval(() => {this.heartRate = MathUtils.getRandomInt(MIN_HEART_RATE, MAX_HEART_RATE);if (this.deviceId) {advertiseBluetoothViewModel.notifyCharacteristicChanged(this.deviceId, this.heartRate);}}, 1000)}}aboutToAppear(): void {const context: common.UIAbilityContext = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext;reqPermissionFromUser(PERMISSION_LIST, context);}aboutToDisappear(): void {advertiseBluetoothViewModel.stopAdvertiser();}stringCheck():boolean {// 验证myidif (this.myid.length != 8) {promptAction.showToast({message: '请重新输入，ID为1个字节',duration: 2000});return false;}return true;}build() {Column() {Text('BLE广播调试').fontSize(24).fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold).margin({ top: 20, bottom: 30 })TextInput({ placeholder: 'ID' ,text:'12345678'}).width('90%').height(40).margin({ bottom: 10 }).onChange((value: string) => {this.myid = value})// 按钮行Row() {Button('发送').width('45%').height(50).fontSize(18).onClick(() => {if(!this.stringCheck()) {return;}for (let i = 0; i < 8; i += 2) {let byteStr = this.myid.substr(i, 2); // 截取两位this.idArray[i / 2] = parseInt(byteStr, 16); // 按十六进制解析}this.toggleAdvertiser()// 发送按钮点击事件console.log('发送按钮被点击')})Button('停止').width('45%').height(50).fontSize(18).margin({ left: '10%' }).onClick(() => {this.toggleAdvertiser()// 停止按钮点击事件console.log('停止按钮被点击')})}.width('90%').justifyContent(FlexAlign.SpaceBetween)}.width('100%').height('100%').padding(16).backgroundColor('#F5F5F5')}
}

2.2  AdvertiseBluetoothViewModel.ets组件实现：蓝牙状态管理，广播的启动和停止，GATT服务管理，连接状态监控

简单函数说明：

startAdvertiser() - 配置并启动BLE广播

stopAdvertiser() - 停止广播

notifyCharacteristicChanged() - 通知客户端特征值变化

/*** 最佳实践：低功耗蓝牙开发实践*/
// [Start access1]
import { access, ble, connection, constant } from '@kit.ConnectivityKit';
// [End access1]
import { promptAction } from '@kit.ArkUI';
import ArrayBufferUtils from '../utils/ArrayBufferUtils';
import { Logger } from '../utils/Logger';
import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit';
import advData from '../viewmodel/AdvData';const uiContext: UIContext | undefined = AppStorage.get('uiContext');interface CharacteristicModel {serviceUuid: string,characteristicUuid: string,characteristicValue: ArrayBufferLike,descriptors: Array<ble.BLEDescriptor>
}interface NotifyCharacteristicModel {serviceUuid: string,characteristicUuid: string,characteristicValue: ArrayBufferLike,confirm: boolean
}export class AdvertiseBluetoothViewModel {private mGattServer: ble.GattServer | undefined;private advHandle: number = 0xFF; // 初始的无效值private stateChangeFunc = (data: access.BluetoothState): void => {if (data === access.BluetoothState.STATE_ON) {AppStorage.setOrCreate('bluetoothEnable', true);} else if (data === access.BluetoothState.STATE_OFF) {AppStorage.setOrCreate('bluetoothEnable', false);}}private connectionStateChangeFunc = (data: ble.BLEConnectionChangeState): void => {if (data) {if (data.state === constant.ProfileConnectionState.STATE_CONNECTED) {let deviceId = data.deviceId;AppStorage.setOrCreate('deviceId', deviceId);} else if (data.state === constant.ProfileConnectionState.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {AppStorage.setOrCreate('deviceId', '');}}}isBluetoothEnabled(): boolean {const state: access.BluetoothState = access.getState();Logger.info(`isBluetoothEnabled: state = ${state}`);if (state === access.BluetoothState.STATE_ON || state === access.BluetoothState.STATE_TURNING_ON) {return true;}return false;}enableBluetooth() {try {this.onBTStateChange();access.enableBluetooth();} catch (err) {Logger.error(`enableBluetooth: err = ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);}}disableBluetooth() {try {this.offBTStateChange();access.disableBluetooth();} catch (err) {Logger.error(`disableBluetooth: err = ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);}}getLocalName(): string {let localName = '';try {localName = connection.getLocalName();} catch (err) {Logger.error(`getLocalName: err = ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);}return localName;}// [Start tooth1]startAdvertiser(PhoneId: Uint8Array): boolean {if (!this.isBluetoothEnabled()) {this.enableBluetooth();uiContext?.getPromptAction().showToast({message: $r('app.string.bluetooth_enabled_please_wait'),duration: 2000})return false;}/*// Create a GattServer instancethis.mGattServer = ble.createGattServer();// [StartExclude tooth1]let descriptors: Array<ble.BLEDescriptor> = [];const arrayBuffer = ArrayBufferUtils.byteArray2ArrayBuffer([11]);const descriptor: ble.BLEDescriptor = {serviceUuid: '0000180D-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB',characteristicUuid: '00002A37-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB',descriptorUuid: '00002902-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB',descriptorValue: arrayBuffer}descriptors[0] = descriptor;let characteristics: Array<ble.BLECharacteristic> = [];const arrayBufferC = ArrayBufferUtils.byteArray2ArrayBuffer([1]);let characteristic: ble.BLECharacteristic = {serviceUuid: '0000180D-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB',characteristicUuid: '00002A37-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB',characteristicValue: arrayBufferC,descriptors: descriptors}characteristics[0] = characteristic;// [EndExclude tooth1]// Define the heart rate beating serviceconst service: ble.GattService = {serviceUuid: '0000180D-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB',isPrimary: true,characteristics: characteristics,includeServices: []}try {// Add a servicethis.mGattServer.addService(service);} catch (err) {Logger.error(`addService: err = ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);}*/try {// The status of the subscription connection servicethis.onConnectStateChange();// [StartExclude tooth1]let setting: ble.AdvertiseSetting = {interval: 160,txPower: 1,connectable: false}/*let advData: ble.AdvertiseData = {serviceUuids: ['0000180D-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB'],manufactureData: [],serviceData: [],includeDeviceName: true}*/let recv = advData.CreateData(PhoneId);let manufactureValueBuffer: Uint8Array = new Uint8Array([0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0]);//比协议多1个字节的，设置不可连接后，长度不够for (let i = 0; i < manufactureValueBuffer.length-1; i++) {manufactureValueBuffer[i+1] = recv[i];}let manufactureDataUnit: ble.ManufactureData = {manufactureId: 0x0006,manufactureValue: manufactureValueBuffer.buffer};let advPacket: ble.AdvertiseData = {serviceUuids: [],manufactureData: [manufactureDataUnit],serviceData: [],includeDeviceName: false // 表示是否携带设备名，可选参数。注意：带上设备名时，容易导致广播报文长度超出31个字节，使得广播启动失败};let advResponse: ble.AdvertiseData = {serviceUuids: ['0000180D-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB'],manufactureData: [],serviceData: []}// [EndExclude tooth1]ble.startAdvertising(setting, advPacket, advResponse);return true;} catch (err) {Logger.error(`startAdvertiser: err = ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);}return false}// [End tooth1]stopAdvertiser() {ble.stopAdvertising();/*if (this.mGattServer){try {this.offConnectStateChange();ble.stopAdvertising();this.disableBluetooth();} catch (err) {Logger.error(`stopAdvertiser: err = ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);}}* */}// [Start not_char]notifyCharacteristicChanged(deviceId: string, heartRate: number) {if (!deviceId) {return;}if (this.mGattServer) {try {let descriptors: Array<ble.BLEDescriptor> = [];let arrayBuffer = ArrayBufferUtils.byteArray2ArrayBuffer([11]);let descriptor: ble.BLEDescriptor = {serviceUuid: '0000180D-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB',characteristicUuid: '00002A37-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB',descriptorUuid: '00002902-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB',descriptorValue: arrayBuffer}descriptors[0] = descriptor;let arrayBufferC = ArrayBufferUtils.byteArray2ArrayBuffer([0x00, heartRate]);let characteristic: CharacteristicModel = {serviceUuid: '0000180D-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB',characteristicUuid: '00002A37-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB',characteristicValue: arrayBufferC,descriptors: descriptors}let notifyCharacteristic: NotifyCharacteristicModel = {serviceUuid: '0000180D-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB',characteristicUuid: '00002A37-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB',characteristicValue: characteristic.characteristicValue,confirm: false}this.mGattServer.notifyCharacteristicChanged(deviceId, notifyCharacteristic, (err: BusinessError) => {if (err) {Logger.error(`notifyCharacteristicChanged callback failed: err = ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);} else {Logger.info('notifyCharacteristicChanged callback success')}})} catch (err) {Logger.error(`notifyCharacteristicChanged: err = ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);}}}// [End not_char]// [Start on_bts]private onBTStateChange() {try {access.on('stateChange', (data: access.BluetoothState) => {if (data === access.BluetoothState.STATE_ON) {AppStorage.setOrCreate('bluetoothEnable', true);} else if (data === access.BluetoothState.STATE_OFF) {AppStorage.setOrCreate('bluetoothEnable', false);}})} catch (err) {Logger.error(`onBTSateChange: err = ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);}}// [End on_bts]private offBTStateChange() {try {access.off('stateChange');} catch (err) {Logger.error(`offBTSateChange: err = ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);}}// [Start change_State]private onConnectStateChange() {if (!this.mGattServer) {return;}try {this.mGattServer.on('connectionStateChange', (data: ble.BLEConnectionChangeState) => {if (data) {if (data.state === constant.ProfileConnectionState.STATE_CONNECTED) {let deviceId = data.deviceId;AppStorage.setOrCreate('deviceId', deviceId);} else if (data.state === constant.ProfileConnectionState.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {AppStorage.setOrCreate('deviceId', '');this.stopAdvertiser();}}})} catch (err) {Logger.error(`connectInner: err = ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);}}// [End change_State]private offConnectStateChange() {if (!this.mGattServer) {return;}try {this.mGattServer.off('connectionStateChange');} catch (err) {Logger.error(`offConnectStateChange: err = ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);}}
}let advertiseBluetoothViewModel = new AdvertiseBluetoothViewModel();export default advertiseBluetoothViewModel as AdvertiseBluetoothViewModel;

2.3  AdvData.ets文件负责构造广播数据包：

预定义了一个22字节的数据模板

SetPhoneId()方法将设备ID嵌入到指定位置

CreateData()生成最终的广播数据

// AdvData.ts
export class AdvData {private Fanal_DATA: Uint8Array = new Uint8Array([0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0]);private SetPhoneId(bytes: Uint8Array): void {for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {this.Fanal_DATA[10 + i] = bytes[i];}}private  toHexString(byteArray: Uint8Array): string {if (byteArray === null || byteArray.length < 1) return "";let hexString = "";for (const byte of byteArray) {hexString += " ";if ((byte & 0xff) < 0x10) {hexString += "0";}hexString += byte.toString(16);}return hexString.toLowerCase();}public CreateData(PhoneId: Uint8Array,): Uint8Array {this.SetPhoneId(PhoneId);let  mystr ="";mystr = this.toHexString(this.Fanal_DATA);console.log(`Fanal_DATA_1: ${mystr}`);return this.Fanal_DATA;}}let advData = new AdvData();export default advData as AdvData;

2.4  MathUtils.ets
 

export default class MathUtils {static getRandomInt(min: number, max: number): number {return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1) + min);}
}

2.5  ArrayBufferUtils.ets

export default class ArrayBufferUtils {public static byteArray2ArrayBuffer(byteArr: Array<number>): ArrayBufferLike {return new Uint8Array(byteArr).buffer;}public static arrayBuffer2ByteArray(arrayBuffer: ArrayBuffer): Array<number> {return [...new Uint8Array(arrayBuffer)];}
}

2.6   Logger.ets

import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit';export class Logger {private static domain: number = 0xFF00;private static prefix: string = 'BluetoothLowEnergy';private static format: string = '%{public}s';static debug(...args: string[]): void {hilog.debug(Logger.domain, Logger.prefix, Logger.format, args);}static info(...args: string[]): void {hilog.info(Logger.domain, Logger.prefix, Logger.format, args);}static warn(...args: string[]): void {hilog.warn(Logger.domain, Logger.prefix, Logger.format, args);}static error(...args: string[]): void {hilog.error(Logger.domain, Logger.prefix, Logger.format, args);}
}

2.7  module.json5权限文件

{"module": {"name": "entry","type": "entry","description": "$string:module_desc","mainElement": "EntryAbility","deviceTypes": ["phone"],"deliveryWithInstall": true,"installationFree": false,"pages": "$profile:main_pages","abilities": [{"name": "EntryAbility","srcEntry": "./ets/entryability/EntryAbility.ets","description": "$string:EntryAbility_desc","icon": "$media:layered_image","label": "$string:EntryAbility_label","startWindowIcon": "$media:startIcon","startWindowBackground": "$color:start_window_background","exported": true,"skills": [{"entities": ["entity.system.home"],"actions": ["action.system.home"]}]}],"extensionAbilities": [{"name": "EntryBackupAbility","srcEntry": "./ets/entrybackupability/EntryBackupAbility.ets","type": "backup","exported": false,"metadata": [{"name": "ohos.extension.backup","resource": "$profile:backup_config"}],}],"requestPermissions": [{"name": 'ohos.permission.ACCESS_BLUETOOTH',"reason": '$string:reason',"usedScene": {"abilities": ["EntryAbility"],"when": "always"}}]}
}

三、演示效果

使用方法：

用户输入ID -> 转换为字节数组 -> 嵌入广播数据 -> 开始广播-> 通过GATT通知发送给客户端

华为 HarmonyNextOS 系统APP界面

使用安卓手机nrf Connect的App来检查数据，名字无法查看，rssi在30左右，点开可以看到数据

四、工程下载网址：https://download.csdn.net/download/ajassi2000/91685808?spm=1001.2014.3001.5503

http://www.dtcms.com/a/334550.html

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