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169-Django二手交易校园购物系统开发分享

news 2025/8/3 4:05:51

基于Django的二手交易校园购物系统开发分享

📋 项目概述

本项目是一个基于Django框架开发的二手交易校园购物系统，专为校园内的二手商品交易而设计。系统采用B/S架构，提供了完整的电商交易功能，包括用户管理、商品管理、购物车、订单处理、消息系统等核心模块。

基于Django的二手交易校园购物系统

🎯 项目目标

为校园师生提供便捷的二手商品交易平台
实现完整的电商交易流程
提供用户友好的界面和交互体验
确保交易安全和数据完整性

🏗️ 技术架构

后端技术栈

框架: Django 2.0.7
数据库: MySQL (通过PyMySQL连接)
ORM: Django ORM
邮件服务: SMTP (163邮箱)
图片处理: Pillow 7.1.1
时区处理: pytz 2018.7
富文本编辑: django-tinymce 2.7.0
后台管理: django-simpleui

前端技术栈

HTML/CSS: 原生HTML和CSS
JavaScript:
- jQuery 1.12.4
- jQuery UI
- jQuery Cookie
- 自定义JS组件
字体: FreeMonospaced字体
响应式设计: CSS实现

数据库设计

数据库类型: MySQL
字符集: UTF-8
存储引擎: MyISAM
主要数据表: 用户、商品、购物车、订单、评论、消息等

📁 项目结构

tiaozao_shop/
├── apps/                    # 应用模块
│   ├── df_user/            # 用户管理模块
│   ├── df_goods/           # 商品管理模块
│   ├── df_cart/            # 购物车模块
│   ├── df_order/           # 订单管理模块
│   └── utils/              # 工具模块
├── tiaozao_shop/           # 项目配置
│   ├── settings.py         # 项目设置
│   ├── urls.py            # 主路由配置
│   └── wsgi.py            # WSGI配置
├── static/                 # 静态文件
│   ├── css/               # 样式文件
│   ├── js/                # JavaScript文件
│   ├── images/            # 图片资源
│   └── asserts/           # 其他资源
├── templates/              # 模板文件
├── media/                  # 媒体文件
├── requirements.txt        # 依赖包列表
├── manage.py              # Django管理脚本
└── design_169_market.sql  # 数据库结构文件

🔧 核心功能模块

1. 用户管理模块 (df_user)

用户注册与登录

用户注册: 支持用户名、密码、邮箱注册，包含邮箱唯一性验证
用户登录: 集成验证码验证，支持记住用户名功能
密码安全: 使用SHA1加密存储密码
账号退出: 安全退出，清除session信息

用户信息管理

个人信息: 支持头像上传、个人资料编辑
收货地址: 收货人、地址、邮编、手机号管理
实名认证: 证件类型、证件号码、证件图片上传
密码管理: 密码修改、密码重置（邮件发送）

用户信息修改

@user_decorator.login
def changeInformation(request):uid = request.session['user_id']user = UserInfo.objects.get(id=uid)cart_num = CartInfo.objects.filter(user_id=user.id).count()context = {'page_name': 1,'title': '用户中心','user': user,'guest_cart': 1,'cart_num': cart_num,}if request.method == "POST":logo = request.FILES.get('logo')if logo:user.ulogo = logoelse:user.ulogo = user.ulogouser.usex = request.POST.get('sex')user.uage = request.POST.get('age')user.upersonInf = request.POST.get('personinf')user.save()return render(request, 'df_user/user_changeInformation.html', context)

用户中心信息展示

@user_decorator.login
def info(request):  # 用户中心uid = request.session['user_id']user = UserInfo.objects.get(id=uid)browser_goods = GoodsBrowser.objects.filter(user=user).order_by("-browser_time")cart_num = CartInfo.objects.filter(user_id=int(uid)).count()goods_list = []if browser_goods:goods_list = [browser_good.good for browser_good in browser_goods]  # 从浏览商品记录中取出浏览商品explain = '最近浏览'else:explain = '无最近浏览'context = {'title': '用户中心','page_name': 1,'guest_cart': 1,'cart_num': cart_num,'user_phone': user.uphone,'user_address': user.uaddress,'user_name': user.uname,'user': user,'ucheck_passOrfail': user.ucheck_passOrfail,'goods_list': goods_list,'explain': explain,}return render(request, 'df_user/user_center_info.html', context)

收货地址管理

@user_decorator.login
def site(request):user = UserInfo.objects.get(id=request.session['user_id'])cart_num = CartInfo.objects.filter(user_id=user.id).count()if request.method == "POST":user.ushou = request.POST.get('ushou')user.uaddress = request.POST.get('uaddress')user.uyoubian = request.POST.get('uyoubian')user.uphone = request.POST.get('uphone')user.save()context = {'page_name': 1,'title': '用户中心','user': user,'guest_cart': 1,'cart_num': cart_num,}return render(request, 'df_user/user_center_site.html', context)

密码重置（邮件发送）

def findpwdView(request):context = {'title': '重置密码',}if request.method=="POST":username = request.POST.get("username")email = request.POST.get("email")user = UserInfo.objects.get(uname=username)context = {'title': '重置密码','user': user,}if user.uemail == email:email_title = "二手商品交易平台-重置密码"code = random_str()  # 随机生成的验证码request.session["code"] = code  # 将验证码保存到sessionemail_body = "您的密码已重置，为了您的账号安全，请勿将密码泄露。新的密码为：{0}".format(code)# send_mail的参数分别是 邮件标题，邮件内容，发件箱，收件箱列表，失败静默send_status = send_mail(email_title, email_body, 'woaisilaowu@163.com', [email], fail_silently=False)code = request.session["code"] # 获取传递过来的验证码# 密码加密s1 = sha1()s1.update(code.encode('utf8'))encrypted_pwd = s1.hexdigest()user.upwd = encrypted_pwduser.save()del request.session["code"]  # 删除sessionmessages.success(request, "密码已重置，请登录邮箱接受重置密码！")else:messages.success(request, "用户邮箱与输入邮件不匹配，重置失败！")return render(request,"df_user/change_password1.html",context)return render(request, "df_user/change_password1.html",context)

用户权限控制

登录验证: 使用装饰器进行登录状态验证
账号封禁: 支持违规账号封禁功能
认证审批: 实名认证审批流程

2. 商品管理模块 (df_goods)

商品展示

首页展示: 按分类展示最新和热门商品
商品列表: 分页展示，支持排序（最新、价格、人气）
商品详情: 完整商品信息展示
商品搜索: 支持标题、内容、简介关键词搜索

商品发布

商品发布: 支持图片上传、价格设置、库存管理
商品分类: 书籍、家电、衣物、出行、乐器、智能
商品编辑: 商品信息修改和更新

商品发布实现

@user_decorator.login
def publishers(request):user = UserInfo.objects.get(id=request.session['user_id'])cart_num = CartInfo.objects.filter(user_id=user.id).count()typeinfos = TypeInfo.objects.all()if request.method == "POST":gtitle = request.POST.get('title')gpic = request.FILES.get('pic')gunit = user.unamegprice = request.POST.get('price')gjianjie = request.POST.get('jianjie')gkucun = request.POST.get('kucun')gcontent = request.POST.get('content')gtype_id = request.POST.get('type_id')if gtitle=="" or gpic=="" or gprice=="" or gjianjie=="" or gkucun=="" or gcontent=="":messages.success(request, "请完整填充信息！")elif int(gprice) >=100000:messages.success(request, "价格不能大于100000！")else:GoodsInfo.objects.create(gtitle=gtitle, gpic=gpic, gunit=gunit, gprice=gprice,gjianjie=gjianjie, gkucun=gkucun, gcontent=gcontent, gtype_id=gtype_id)messages.success(request, "发布商品成功")context = {'page_name': 1,'title': '用户中心','user': user,'typeinfos': typeinfos,'guest_cart': 1,'cart_num': cart_num,}return render(request, 'df_user/user_publishers.html', context)

首页商品展示实现

def index(request):# 查询各个分类的最新4条，最热4条数据username = request.session.get('user_name')user = UserInfo.objects.filter(uname=username).first()# 联系客服功能username1 = "customer"informations = Information.objects.filter()# 判断用户是否给客服发过信息informations1 = Information.objects.filter(cusername1=username, cusername=username1)import datetimenowTime = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')  # 现在# 消息回复user_name = UserInfo.objects.get(uname=username1)  # 获取当前消息用户信息if request.method == "POST":cusername = user.unamecusername1 = user_name.unameccontent_chart = request.POST.get('title')cinformation_id = user_name.idif ccontent_chart == "":messages.success(request, "请输入内容！")else:Information.objects.create(cusername=cusername, cusername1=cusername1,ccontent_chart=ccontent_chart, cinformation_id=cinformation_id)messages.success(request, "消息发送成功")return redirect(reverse("df_goods:index"))typelist = TypeInfo.objects.all()# _set 连表操作type0 = typelist[0].goodsinfo_set.order_by('-id')[0:4]  # 按照上传顺序type01 = typelist[0].goodsinfo_set.order_by('-gclick')[0:4]  # 按照点击量type1 = typelist[1].goodsinfo_set.order_by('-id')[0:4]type11 = typelist[1].goodsinfo_set.order_by('-gclick')[0:4]type2 = typelist[2].goodsinfo_set.order_by('-id')[0:4]type21 = typelist[2].goodsinfo_set.order_by('-gclick')[0:4]type3 = typelist[3].goodsinfo_set.order_by('-id')[0:4]type31 = typelist[3].goodsinfo_set.order_by('-gclick')[0:4]type4 = typelist[4].goodsinfo_set.order_by('-id')[0:4]type41 = typelist[4].goodsinfo_set.order_by('-gclick')[0:4]type5 = typelist[5].goodsinfo_set.order_by('-id')[0:4]type51 = typelist[5].goodsinfo_set.order_by('-gclick')[0:4]cart_num = 0# 判断是否存在登录状态if 'user_id' in request.session:user_id = request.session['user_id']cart_num = CartInfo.objects.filter(user_id=int(user_id)).count()context = {'title': '首页','cart_num': cart_num,'guest_cart': 1,'type0': type0, 'type01': type01,'type1': type1, 'type11': type11,'type2': type2, 'type21': type21,'type3': type3, 'type31': type31,'type4': type4, 'type41': type41,'type5': type5, 'type51': type51,'user': user,'informations': informations,'informations1': informations1,'username1': username1,'user_name': user_name,'nowTime': nowTime,}return render(request, 'df_goods/index.html', context)

商品搜索实现

def ordinary_search(request):username = request.session.get('user_name')user = UserInfo.objects.filter(uname=username).first()from django.db.models import Qsearch_keywords = request.GET.get('q', '')pindex = request.GET.get('pindex', 1)search_status = 1cart_num, guest_cart = 0, 0try:user_id = request.session['user_id']except:user_id = Noneif user_id:guest_cart = 1cart_num = CartInfo.objects.filter(user_id=int(user_id)).count()# 使用Q对象进行复杂查询goods_list = GoodsInfo.objects.filter(Q(gtitle__icontains=search_keywords) |Q(gcontent__icontains=search_keywords) |Q(gjianjie__icontains=search_keywords)).order_by("gclick")if goods_list.count() == 0:# 商品搜索结果为空，返回推荐商品search_status = 0goods_list = GoodsInfo.objects.all().order_by("gclick")[:4]paginator = Paginator(goods_list, 4)page = paginator.page(int(pindex))context = {'title': '搜索列表','search_status': search_status,'guest_cart': guest_cart,'cart_num': cart_num,'page': page,'paginator': paginator,'user': user,}return render(request, 'df_goods/ordinary_search.html', context)

商品互动

商品评论: 支持图片上传的评论系统
评论管理: 评论分页展示和管理
点击统计: 商品点击量统计
浏览记录: 用户浏览历史记录

商品详情与点击统计

def detail(request, gid):if 'user_id' in request.session:uid = request.session['user_id']user = UserInfo.objects.get(id=uid)good_id = gidgoods = GoodsInfo.objects.get(pk=int(good_id))goods.gclick = goods.gclick + 1  # 商品点击量goods.save()news = goods.gtype.goodsinfo_set.order_by('-id')[0:2]context = {'title': goods.gtype.ttitle,'guest_cart': 1,'cart_num': cart_count(request),'goods': goods,'news': news,'id': good_id,'user': user,}response = render(request, 'df_goods/detail.html', context)# 记录用户浏览历史try:browsed_good = GoodsBrowser.objects.get(user_id=int(uid), good_id=int(good_id))except Exception:browsed_good = Noneif browsed_good:from datetime import datetimebrowsed_good.browser_time = datetime.now()browsed_good.save()else:GoodsBrowser.objects.create(user_id=int(uid), good_id=int(good_id))browsed_goods = GoodsBrowser.objects.filter(user_id=int(uid))browsed_good_count = browsed_goods.count()if browsed_good_count > 5:ordered_goods = browsed_goods.order_by("-browser_time")for _ in ordered_goods[5:]:_.delete()return response

商品评论发布

def content(request, gid, pindex):if 'user_id' in request.session:uid = request.session['user_id']user = UserInfo.objects.get(id=uid)good_id = gidgoods = GoodsInfo.objects.get(pk=int(good_id))# 获取当前货物信息news = goods.gtype.goodsinfo_set.order_by('-id')[0:2]# 条件查询goodsContents = GoodsContent.objects.filter(cgoodsname_id=good_id).order_by('-date_publish')# 创建Paginator一个分页对象paginator = Paginator(goodsContents, 2)# 返回Page对象，包含商品信息page = paginator.page(int(pindex))context = {'title': goods.gtype.ttitle,'guest_cart': 1,'cart_num': cart_count(request),'goods': goods,'id': good_id,'news': news,'user': user,'goodsContents': goodsContents,'paginator': paginator,'page': page,}if request.method == "POST":ctitle = goods.gtitlecpic = request.FILES.get('pic')cusername = user.unameclogo = user.ulogocuser_content = request.POST.get('text')cgoodsname_id = goods.idif cpic == "":GoodsContent.objects.create(ctitle=ctitle, cusername=cusername, cuser_content=cuser_content, cgoodsname_id=cgoodsname_id, clogo=clogo)messages.success(request, "评论成功！")else:GoodsContent.objects.create(ctitle=ctitle, cpic=cpic, cusername=cusername, cuser_content=cuser_content, cgoodsname_id=cgoodsname_id, clogo=clogo)messages.success(request, "评论成功！")return render(request, 'df_goods/content.html', context)

3. 购物车模块 (df_cart)

购物车功能

添加商品: 支持数量选择的商品添加
数量修改: 实时修改购物车商品数量
商品删除: 从购物车中删除商品
购物车展示: 购物车商品列表和统计

购物车管理

用户关联: 购物车与用户账号关联
数据持久化: 购物车数据数据库存储
AJAX交互: 异步更新购物车信息

购物车添加商品

@user_decorator.login
def add(request, gid, count):uid = request.session['user_id']gid, count = int(gid), int(count)# 查询购物车中是否已经有此商品，如果有则数量增加，如果没有则新增carts = CartInfo.objects.filter(user_id=uid, goods_id=gid)if len(carts) >= 1:cart = carts[0]cart.count = cart.count + countelse:cart = CartInfo()cart.user_id = uidcart.goods_id = gidcart.count = countcart.save()# 如果是ajax提交则直接返回json，否则转向购物车if request.is_ajax():count = CartInfo.objects.filter(user_id=request.session['user_id']).count()return JsonResponse({'count': count})else:return redirect(reverse("df_cart:cart"))

购物车商品数量修改

@user_decorator.login
def edit(request, cart_id, count):data = {}try:cart = CartInfo.objects.get(pk=int(cart_id))cart.count = int(count)cart.save()data['count'] = 0except Exception:data['count'] = countreturn JsonResponse(data)

购物车商品删除

@user_decorator.login
def delete(request, cart_id):data = {}try:cart = CartInfo.objects.get(pk=int(cart_id))cart.delete()data['ok'] = 1except Exception:data['ok'] = 0return JsonResponse(data)

购物车展示

@user_decorator.login
def user_cart(request):uid = request.session['user_id']username = request.session.get('user_name')user = UserInfo.objects.filter(uname=username).first()carts = CartInfo.objects.filter(user_id=uid)cart_num = CartInfo.objects.filter(user_id=uid).count()context = {'title': '购物车','page_name': 1,'guest_cart': 1,'carts': carts,'cart_num': cart_num,'user': user,}if request.is_ajax():count = CartInfo.objects.filter(user_id=request.session['user_id']).count()# 求当前用户购买了几件商品return JsonResponse({'count': count})else:return render(request, 'df_cart/cart.html', context)

4. 订单管理模块 (df_order)

订单处理

订单创建: 从购物车创建订单
订单信息: 收货地址、联系方式管理
价格计算: 商品总价、运费、总金额计算
库存检查: 下单时检查商品库存

订单管理

订单状态: 订单状态跟踪和管理
订单历史: 用户订单历史记录
事务处理: 使用数据库事务确保数据一致性

订单创建与事务处理

@user_decorator.login
@transaction.atomic()  # 事务
def order_handle(request):uid = request.session['user_id']user = UserInfo.objects.get(id=uid)tran_id = transaction.savepoint()  # 保存事务发生点cart_ids = request.POST.get('cart_ids')  # 用户提交的订单购物车user_id = request.session['user_id']data = {}try:order_info = OrderInfo()  # 创建一个订单对象now = datetime.now()order_info.oid = '%s%d' % (now.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S'), user_id)  # 订单号order_info.odate = now  # 订单时间order_info.user_id = int(user_id)  # 订单的用户idorder_info.ototal = Decimal(request.POST.get('total'))  # 订单总价order_info.oaddress = user.uaddressorder_info.save()for cart_id in cart_ids.split(','):  # 逐个处理购物车商品cart = CartInfo.objects.get(pk=cart_id)order_detail = OrderDetailInfo()order_detail.order = order_infogoods = cart.goodsif cart.count <= goods.gkucun:  # 判断库存是否满足订单goods.gkucun = goods.gkucun - cart.countgoods.save()order_detail.goods = goodsorder_detail.price = goods.gpriceorder_detail.count = cart.countorder_detail.username = user.unameorder_detail.shopername = goods.gunitorder_detail.save()cart.delete()  # 删除购物车else:  # 库存不足，事务回滚transaction.savepoint_rollback(tran_id)return HttpResponse('库存不足')data['ok'] = 1transaction.savepoint_commit(tran_id)except Exception as e:print("%s" % e)print('未完成订单提交')transaction.savepoint_rollback(tran_id)  # 事务回滚return JsonResponse(data)

5. 消息系统

用户消息

消息发送: 用户间消息发送功能
消息中心: 消息列表和详情展示
已读状态: 消息已读状态管理
消息历史: 消息历史记录保存

客服功能

客服消息: 与客服的沟通功能
消息回复: 消息回复和对话功能

消息中心实现

@user_decorator.login
def message(request):user = UserInfo.objects.get(id=request.session['user_id'])cart_num = CartInfo.objects.filter(user_id=user.id).count()# 消息用户名去重persons = Information.objects.filter(cinformation_id=user.id).values('cusername','ccheck').distinct().order_by('cusername')# 查询发消息者的头像imgs = UserInfo.objects.filter()context = {'title': '消息中心','page_name': 1,'user': user,'persons': persons,'imgs': imgs,'guest_cart': 1,'cart_num': cart_num,'username': user.uname,}return render(request, 'df_user/user_messages.html', context)

消息详情与回复

@user_decorator.login
def person_message(request):user = UserInfo.objects.get(id=request.session['user_id'])  # 当前登录用户cart_num = CartInfo.objects.filter(user_id=user.id).count()# 消息用户名去重persons = Information.objects.filter(cinformation_id=user.id).values('cusername','ccheck').distinct().order_by('cusername')# 查询发消息者的头像imgs = UserInfo.objects.filter()# 展示消息username = request.GET['username']informations = Information.objects.filter()logo = UserInfo.objects.get(uname=username)# 展示消息后使消息变为已读状态for information in informations:if information.cusername == username:information.ccheck = Trueinformation.save()# 消息回复user_name = UserInfo.objects.get(uname=username)  # 获取当前消息用户信息if request.method == "POST":cusername = user.unamecusername1 = user_name.unameccontent_chart = request.POST.get('title')cinformation_id = user_name.idif ccontent_chart == "":messages.success(request, "请输入内容！")else:Information.objects.create(cusername=cusername, cusername1=cusername1,ccontent_chart=ccontent_chart, cinformation_id=cinformation_id)messages.success(request, "消息发送成功")return redirect(reverse("df_user:message"))context = {'title': '消息中心','page_name': 1,'user': user,'informations': informations,'persons': persons,'imgs': imgs,'logo': logo,'username': username,'user_name': user_name,'guest_cart': 1,'cart_num': cart_num,}return render(request, 'df_user/user_messages.html', context)

6. 退货退款功能

退货申请

退货提交: 退货申请信息填写
退货信息: 快递信息、地址、退货理由
审批流程: 退货申请审批管理
状态跟踪: 退货状态跟踪

退货申请实现

@user_decorator.login
def tuihuo(request):uid = request.session['user_id']user = UserInfo.objects.get(id=uid)if request.method == "POST":title = request.POST.get('title')username = request.POST.get('username')username1 = request.POST.get('username1')person_number = request.POST.get('person_number')order_number = request.POST.get('order_number')kuaidi = request.POST.get('kuaidi')kuaidi_number = request.POST.get('kuaidi_number')address = request.POST.get('address')address1 = request.POST.get('address1')text = request.POST.get('text')if title == "" or username == "" or username1 == "" or person_number == "" or order_number == "" or kuaidi == "" or kuaidi_number == "" or address == "" or address1 == "":messages.success(request, "请填写完整信息！")else:tuihuoInfo.objects.create(title=title, username=username, username1=username1,person_number=person_number, order_number=order_number,kuaidi=kuaidi, kuaidi_number=kuaidi_number,address=address, address1=address1, text=text)messages.success(request, "提交成功，等待审批！")return redirect(reverse("df_user:info"))context = {'title': '填写退货信息','page_name': 1,'user': user,}return render(request, 'df_user/tuihuo.html', context)

订单管理实现

@user_decorator.login
def order(request, index):user_id = request.session['user_id']orders_list = OrderInfo.objects.filter(user_id=int(user_id)).order_by('-odate')cart_num = CartInfo.objects.filter(user_id=int(user_id)).count()tuohuo_infos = tuihuoInfo.objects.filter()paginator = Paginator(orders_list, 2)page = paginator.page(int(index))user = UserInfo.objects.get(id=request.session['user_id'])context = {'paginator': paginator,'page': page,'title': "用户中心",'user': user,'page_name': 1,'guest_cart': 1,'cart_num': cart_num,'tuohuo_infos': tuohuo_infos,}return render(request, 'df_user/user_center_order.html', context)

🎨 界面设计

首页设计

轮播图: 商品轮播展示
分类导航: 商品分类快速导航
热门商品: 按点击量排序的热门商品
最新商品: 按时间排序的最新商品

用户界面

响应式设计: 适配不同屏幕尺寸
用户友好: 简洁直观的操作界面
交互反馈: 操作成功/失败提示
加载优化: 页面加载性能优化

🔒 安全特性

数据安全

密码加密: SHA1加密存储用户密码
验证码: 图片验证码防止恶意注册
Session管理: 安全的用户会话管理
SQL注入防护: 使用Django ORM防止SQL注入

密码加密实现

def register_handle(request):username = request.POST.get('user_name')password = request.POST.get('pwd')confirm_pwd = request.POST.get('confirm_pwd')email = request.POST.get('email')# 判断两次密码一致性if password != confirm_pwd:return redirect('/user/register/')# 密码加密s1 = sha1()s1.update(password.encode('utf8'))encrypted_pwd = s1.hexdigest()# 创建对象UserInfo.objects.create(uname=username, upwd=encrypted_pwd, uemail=email)

验证码生成实现

def verify_code(request):import random# 定义变量，用于画面的背景色、宽、高bgcolor = (224, 224, 224)width = 100height = 34# 创建画面对象im = Image.new('RGB', (width, height), bgcolor)# 创建画笔对象draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)# 调用画笔的point()函数绘制噪点for i in range(0, 100):xy = (random.randrange(0, width), random.randrange(0, height))fill = (random.randrange(0, 255), 255, random.randrange(0, 255))draw.point(xy, fill=fill)# 定义验证码的备选值str1 = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwsyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789'# 随机选取4个值作为验证码rand_str = ''for i in range(0, 4):rand_str += str1[random.randrange(0, len(str1))]# 构造字体对象font = ImageFont.truetype('arial.ttf', 23)# 构造字体颜色fontcolor = (255, random.randrange(0, 255), random.randrange(0, 255))# 绘制4个字draw.text((5, 2), rand_str[0], font=font, fill=fontcolor)draw.text((25, 2), rand_str[1], font=font, fill=fontcolor)draw.text((50, 2), rand_str[2], font=font, fill=fontcolor)draw.text((75, 2), rand_str[3], font=font, fill=fontcolor)# 存入session，用于做进一步验证request.session['verifycode'] = rand_str# 内存文件操作buf = BytesIO()# 将图片保存在内存中，文件类型为pngim.save(buf, 'png')# 将内存中的图片数据返回给客户端，MIME类型为图片pngreturn HttpResponse(buf.getvalue(), 'image/png')

权限控制

登录验证: 严格的登录状态验证
权限装饰器: 自定义权限验证装饰器
账号封禁: 违规账号封禁机制
实名认证: 用户身份验证机制

实名认证实现

@user_decorator.login
def check_user(request):user = UserInfo.objects.get(id=request.session['user_id'])cart_num = CartInfo.objects.filter(user_id=user.id).count()if request.method == "POST":user.urealname = request.POST.get('name')user.uzhengjian_type = request.POST.get('type_id')user.uzhengjian_tel = request.POST.get('tel')user.uzhengjian_img = request.FILES.get('pic')if user.urealname == None or user.uzhengjian_type == None or user.uzhengjian_tel == None or user.uzhengjian_img == None:print("error:请填写完整信息")messages.success(request, "请填写完整信息")else:user.save()print("请等待审批")messages.success(request, "提交成功,请等待审批")context = {'page_name': 1,'title': '用户中心','user': user,'guest_cart': 1,'cart_num': cart_num,}return render(request, 'df_user/user_check_username.html', context)

密码修改实现

@user_decorator.login
def changeInPwd(request):uid = request.session['user_id']user = UserInfo.objects.get(id=uid)cart_num = CartInfo.objects.filter(user_id=user.id).count()context = {'page_name': 1,'title': '用户中心','user': user,'guest_cart': 1,'cart_num': cart_num,}if request.method == "POST":password = request.POST.get('password')password2 = request.POST.get('password2')if password == "" or password2 == "":messages.success(request, "请输入要修改的密码！")elif password == password2:# 密码加密s1 = sha1()s1.update(password.encode('utf8'))encrypted_pwd = s1.hexdigest()user.upwd = encrypted_pwduser.save()messages.success(request, "修改成功！")else:messages.success(request, "两次密码输入不正确！")return render(request, 'df_user/user_changePwd.html', context)

登录验证装饰器实现

def login(func):def login_fun(request, *args, **kwargs):if 'user_id' in request.session:return func(request, *args, **kwargs)else:red = HttpResponseRedirect(reverse("df_user:login"))red.set_cookie('url', request.get_full_path())# 保证用户再登陆验证之后仍点击到希望的页面return redreturn login_fun

用户登录处理

def login_handle(request):# 接受请求信息uname = request.POST.get('username')upwd = request.POST.get('pwd')jizhu = request.POST.get('jizhu', 0)vc = request.POST.get('vc')verifycode = request.session['verifycode']user = UserInfo.objects.filter(uname=uname)if len(user) == 1:  # 判断用户密码并跳转s1 = sha1()s1.update(upwd.encode('utf8'))if s1.hexdigest() == user[0].upwd and vc == verifycode and user[0].uname_passOrfail == True:url = request.COOKIES.get('url', '/')red = HttpResponseRedirect(url)# 是否勾选记住用户名，设置cookieif jizhu != 0:red.set_cookie('uname', uname)else:red.set_cookie('uname', '', max_age=-1)request.session['user_id'] = user[0].idrequest.session['user_name'] = unamereturn redelif user[0].uname_passOrfail == False:messages.success(request, "你的账号存在违规行为，已被封禁。")

📊 数据库设计

核心数据表

用户相关表

df_user_userinfo: 用户基本信息
df_user_goodsbrowser: 用户浏览记录
df_user_information: 用户消息
df_user_tuihuoinfo: 退货信息

商品相关表

df_goods_goodsinfo: 商品信息
df_goods_typeinfo: 商品分类
df_goods_goodscontent: 商品评论
df_goods_contentchart: 评论回复

交易相关表

df_cart_cartinfo: 购物车信息
df_order_orderinfo: 订单信息
df_order_orderdetailinfo: 订单详情

数据关系

用户与商品：多对多关系（通过购物车、订单、评论）
商品与分类：多对一关系
订单与用户：多对一关系
评论与商品：多对一关系

数据模型设计

用户信息模型 (UserInfo)

class UserInfo(models.Model):uname = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name="用户名", unique=True)usex = models.CharField(max_length=10, verbose_name="性别", default="")uage = models.CharField(max_length=10, verbose_name="年龄", default="")upersonInf = models.CharField(max_length=200, verbose_name="个人简介", default="")ulogo = models.FileField(verbose_name="用户头像", upload_to='images', default='default.jpg')upwd = models.CharField(max_length=40, verbose_name="用户密码", blank=False)uemail = models.EmailField(verbose_name="邮箱", unique=True)urealname = models.CharField(max_length=20, default="", verbose_name="真实姓名")uzhengjian_type = models.CharField(max_length=20, default="", verbose_name="证件类型")uzhengjian_tel = models.CharField(max_length=18, default="", verbose_name="证件号码")uzhengjian_img = models.FileField(upload_to='images/zhengjian_img', default="", verbose_name="证件图片")ucheck_passOrfail = models.BooleanField(verbose_name="认证审批", default=False)ushou = models.CharField(max_length=20, default="", verbose_name="收货名称")uaddress = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="", verbose_name="地址")uyoubian = models.CharField(max_length=6, default="", verbose_name="邮编")uphone = models.CharField(max_length=11, default="", verbose_name="手机号")uname_passOrfail = models.BooleanField(verbose_name="允许登录", default=True)class Meta:verbose_name = "用户信息"verbose_name_plural = verbose_namedef __str__(self):return self.uname

商品信息模型 (GoodsInfo)

class GoodsInfo(models.Model):isDelete = models.BooleanField(default=False)  # 逻辑删除gtitle = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name="商品名称", unique=True)gpic = models.ImageField(verbose_name='商品图片', upload_to='df_goods/image/%Y/%m', null=True, blank=True)gprice = models.DecimalField(max_digits=7, decimal_places=2, verbose_name="商品价格")gunit = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name="卖家昵称")gclick = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="点击量", default=0, null=False)gjianjie = models.CharField(max_length=200, verbose_name="简介")gkucun = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="库存", default=0)gcontent = HTMLField(max_length=200, verbose_name="详情")gtype = models.ForeignKey(TypeInfo, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="分类")class Meta:verbose_name = "商品"verbose_name_plural = verbose_namedef __str__(self):return self.gtitle

订单信息模型 (OrderInfo)

class OrderInfo(models.Model):oid = models.CharField(max_length=20, primary_key=True, verbose_name="大订单号")user = models.ForeignKey(UserInfo, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="订单用户")odate = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, verbose_name="时间")oIsPay = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name="是否支付")ototal = models.DecimalField(max_digits=8, decimal_places=2, verbose_name="总价")oaddress = models.CharField(max_length=150, verbose_name="订单地址")class Meta:verbose_name = "未付款订单"verbose_name_plural = verbose_namedef __str__(self):return "{0}在的订单{1}".format(self.user.uname, self.odate)

💻 项目演示

在这里插入图片描述

🚀 部署方案

环境要求

Python: 3.6+
Django: 2.0.7
MySQL: 5.7+
Pillow: 7.1.1
PyMySQL: 数据库连接

部署步骤

环境准备: 安装Python、MySQL等基础环境
依赖安装: 安装requirements.txt中的依赖包
数据库配置: 创建数据库，导入SQL文件
配置修改: 修改settings.py中的数据库配置
静态文件: 收集静态文件
服务启动: 启动Django开发服务器

配置说明

# 数据库配置
DATABASES = {'default': {'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql','NAME': 'design_169_market','USER': 'root','PASSWORD': '123456','HOST': '127.0.0.1','PORT': '3306'}
}# 邮件配置
EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend'
EMAIL_USE_TLS = False
EMAIL_USE_SSL = True
EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.163.com'
EMAIL_PORT = 465
EMAIL_HOST_USER = 'woaisilaowu@163.com'
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = 'PZDOHBIYHAJSCVPS'# 静态文件配置
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),
]# 媒体文件配置
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')# 富文本编辑器配置
TINYMCE_DEFAULT_CONFIG = {'theme': 'advanced','width': 600,'height': 400,
}# 时区和语言配置
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
USE_TZ = False

📈 性能优化

数据库优化

索引优化: 为常用查询字段添加索引
查询优化: 使用select_related减少查询次数
分页处理: 大数据量分页展示

查询优化示例

# 优化前：N+1查询问题
goods_list = GoodsInfo.objects.all()
for goods in goods_list:print(goods.gtype.ttitle)  # 每次都会查询数据库# 优化后：使用select_related预加载关联数据
goods_list = GoodsInfo.objects.select_related('gtype').all()
for goods in goods_list:print(goods.gtype.ttitle)  # 只查询一次数据库

分页处理示例

from django.core.paginator import Paginatordef good_list(request, tid, pindex, sort):# 根据排序方式获取商品列表if sort == '1':  # 默认最新goods_list = GoodsInfo.objects.filter(gtype_id=int(tid)).order_by('-id')elif sort == '2':  # 按照价格goods_list = GoodsInfo.objects.filter(gtype_id=int(tid)).order_by('-gprice')elif sort == '3':  # 按照人气点击量goods_list = GoodsInfo.objects.filter(gtype_id=int(tid)).order_by('-gclick')# 创建Paginator分页对象paginator = Paginator(goods_list, 4)  # 每页4个商品# 返回Page对象，包含商品信息page = paginator.page(int(pindex))context = {'title': '商品列表','page': page,'paginator': paginator,'sort': sort,}return render(request, 'df_goods/list.html', context)

前端优化

静态文件: 静态文件CDN加速
图片优化: 图片压缩和格式优化
缓存策略: 浏览器缓存和服务器缓存

AJAX异步加载示例

// 购物车数量异步更新
$(function () {$('.input_btn').click(function () {q = $('.input_text').val();if(q==""){alert("请输入搜索内容");} else {location.href = '{% url "df_goods:ordinary_search" %}?q='+q+'&page=1'}})
})// 购物车商品数量修改
function edit_cart(cart_id, count) {$.get('/cart/edit' + cart_id + '_' + count + '/', function(data) {if(data.count == 0) {// 更新成功update_cart_display();} else {alert('修改失败');}});
}

代码优化

代码复用: 提取公共组件和函数
异常处理: 完善的异常处理机制
日志记录: 系统运行日志记录

异常处理示例

@user_decorator.login
def edit(request, cart_id, count):data = {}try:cart = CartInfo.objects.get(pk=int(cart_id))cart.count = int(count)cart.save()data['count'] = 0except Exception:data['count'] = countreturn JsonResponse(data)@user_decorator.login
def delete(request, cart_id):data = {}try:cart = CartInfo.objects.get(pk=int(cart_id))cart.delete()data['ok'] = 1except Exception:data['ok'] = 0return JsonResponse(data)

🐛 常见问题与解决方案

1. 数据库连接问题

问题: PyMySQL连接MySQL失败
解决方案:

import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

2. 用户注册验证问题

问题: 用户名和邮箱重复验证
解决方案:

def register_exist(request):username = request.GET.get('uname')uemail = request.GET.get('uemail')count = UserInfo.objects.filter(uname=username).count()email_count = UserInfo.objects.filter(uemail=uemail).count()return JsonResponse({'count': count, 'email_count': email_count})

3. 静态文件问题

问题: 静态文件无法加载
解决方案:

STATICFILES_DIRS = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),
]

4. 媒体文件上传问题

问题: 上传文件无法访问
解决方案:

MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')# urls.py配置
from django.views.static import serve
urlpatterns = [# ... 其他URL配置url(r'^media/(?P<path>.*)$', serve, {"document_root": MEDIA_ROOT})
]

5. Session管理问题

问题: 用户登录状态丢失
解决方案:

# 登录时设置session
request.session['user_id'] = user[0].id
request.session['user_name'] = uname# 退出时清除session
def logout(request):request.session.flush()return redirect(reverse("df_goods:index"))

6. 事务处理问题

问题: 订单创建时数据不一致
解决方案:

@transaction.atomic()
def order_handle(request):tran_id = transaction.savepoint()try:# 订单处理逻辑transaction.savepoint_commit(tran_id)except Exception as e:transaction.savepoint_rollback(tran_id)return HttpResponse('订单创建失败')