静态路由实验(2)
一、实验拓扑图
广播域有15个
二 、实验要求
1.除了R5的环回地址固定5.5.5.0/24,其他网段基于192.168.1.0/24进行合理划分;
2.R1-R4每个路由器存在两个环回接口,模拟PC,地址也在192.168.1.0/24网络内;
3.R1-R4不能直接编写到达5.5.5.0/24的静态路由,但依然可以访问;----利用缺省路由
4.全网可达,尽量减少每台路由器路由条目数量(利用环回口的路由汇总),避免环路(利用空接口防环);
5.R4与R5间,正常1000M链路通信,故障时自动改为100M。----更改静态路由的优先级
三、实验步骤
1、划分网段
方法1:
192.168.1.0/24----划分14个网段
192.168.1.0000 0000---192.168.1.0/28
192.168.1.0001 0000---192.168.1.16/28
192.168.1.0010 0000---192.168.1.32/28
192.168.1.0011 0000---192.168.1.48/28
192.168.1.0100 0000---192.168.1.64/28
192.168.1.0101 0000---192.168.1.80/28
192.168.1.0110 0000---192.168.1.96/28
192.168.1.0111 0000---192.168.1.112/28
192.168.1.1000 0000---192.168.1.128/28
192.168.1.1001 0000---192.168.1.144/28
192.168.1.1010 0000---192.168.1.160/28
192.168.1.1011 0000---192.168.1.176/28
192.168.1.1100 0000---192.168.1.192/28
192.168.1.1101 0000---192.168.1.208/28
方法2:
192.168.1.0/24划分5个网段
(1)192.168.1.0000 0000----192.168.1.0/27----骨干链路
192.168.1.0000 0000--192.168.1.0/30---255.255.255.252
192.168.1.0000 0100--192.168.1.4/30
192.168.1.0000 1000--192.168.1.8/30
192.168.1.0000 1100--192.168.1.12/30
192.168.1.0001 0000--192.168.1.16/30
192.168.1.0001 0100--192.168.1.20/30
(2)192.168.1.0010 0000----192.168.1.32/27----R1环回
192.168.1.0010 0000---192.168.1.32/28
192.168.1.0011 0000---192.168.1.48/28
(3)192.168.1.0100 0000----192.168.1.64/27---R2环回
192.168.1.0100 0000---192.168.1.64/28
192.168.1.0101 0000---192.168.1.80/28
(4)192.168.1.0110 0000----192.168.1.96/27--R3环回
192.168.1.0110 0000---192.168.1.96/28
192.168.1.0111 0000--192.168.1.112/28
(5)192.168.1.1000 0000----192.168.1.128/27--R4环回
192.168.1.1000 0000---192.168.1.128/28
192.168.1.1001 0000--192.168.1.144/28
2、配IP
(1)配置接口
R1
<Huawei>system-view ----进入系统视图
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R1----修改名字
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.1 30
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.5 30
R2
[Huawei]sysname R2
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.2 30
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.9 30
R3
[Huawei]sysname R3
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.6 30
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.13 30
R4
[Huawei]sysname R4
[R4]int g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.10 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.14 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.17 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g4/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.21 30
R5
[Huawei]sysname R5
[R5]int g0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.22 30
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.18 30
(2)配置环回接口
R1
[R1]int l 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.33 28
[R1-LoopBack0]int l 1
[R1-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.49 28
R2
[R2]int l 0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.65 28
[R2-LoopBack0]int l 1
[R2-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.81 28
R3
[R3]int l 0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.97 28
[R3-LoopBack0]int l 1
[R3-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.113 28
R4
[R4]int l 0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.129 28
[R4-LoopBack0]int l 1
[R4-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.145 28
R5
[R5]int l 0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 5.5.5.1 24
查看
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
3、配置静态路由(直连网段不用配置)
R1
[R1]display ip routing-table protocol static----查看静态路由命令
查看:
R2
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 30 192.168.1.1
查看:
R3
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.14
查看:
R4
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9
查看:
R5
查看:
4、配缺省路由(能够访问5.5.5.0/24的静态路由)
R1
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6
R2
[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10
R3
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14
R4
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22
5、在路由上配防环(只有环回口,才能利用空接口防止环路)
R1
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0
R2
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0
R3
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 NULL 0
R4
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 NULL 0
R5不用配,因为没有路由汇总
6、修改优先级
R4
R5
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 pre 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 pre 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 pre 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 pre 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 pre 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 pre 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 pre 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 pre 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
查看:
[R5]display ip routing-table protocol static
四、测试
1、测试全网通;
同理,在其他路由器可以进行ping测试,查看是否全网通。
2、测试R4与R5间,正常1000M链路通信,故障时自动改为100M。
(1)断开1000M线路
(2)在R1进行测试