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Unity 手机屏幕适配

news 来源：原创 2025/6/18 6:17:58

手机屏幕适配主要分为

1、手机安全交互区域适配（例如需要处理刘海屏）

2、界面内部UI元素相对位置适配

准备工作

1、对Canvas设置

（1）设置Render Mode为Screen Space-Camera，并赋值相机的引用

（2）设置UI Scale Mode 为 Scale With Screen Size,并设置项目分辨率

2、安装设备模拟器

(Device Simulator)

该插件可以帮助我们模拟游戏在手机上运行时的适配效果

Unity 2021之前的版本都是预览包，需要手动下载，

打开package Manager,进行设置

勾选启用预览包

搜索下载模拟器

在Game窗口切换使用

点击Safe Area 显示设备安全区域

切换设备型号

安全区域适配

需要处理三类屏幕适配情况：

1、只需要适配上端区域

型号

Apple iPad Air 2

Google Pixel 5

Huawei P40 Pro

Motorola Moto G7 Power

OnePlus 6T

Samsung Galaxy Note10

Samsung Galaxy Note10+ 5G

Samsung Galaxy Note20 Ultra 5G

Samsung Galaxy S10 5G

Samsung Galaxy S10+

Samsung Galaxy S10e

Samsung Galaxy Z Fold2 5G_1

Samsung Galaxy Z Fold2 5G_2

Xiaomi Mi A3

Xiaomi Redmi 6 Pro

Xiaomi Redmi Note7

2、只需要适配下端区域

型号

Apple iPad Pro 11

Apple iPad Pro 12.9(2018)

2、上端和下端区域都适配

型号

Apple iPad Air (4th generation)

Apple iPhone 11

Apple iPhone 12

Apple iPhone 12 Pro

Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max

Apple iPhone 12 Mini

Apple iPhone X

Apple iPhone XR

Apple iPhone XS

Apple iPhone XS Max

创建MatchManager

using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;

public enum MatchDimension
{
    None = 1,
    Width = 2,
    Height = 3
}

public class MatchManager : MonoBehaviour
{
    private CanvasScaler _canvasScaler;

    private RectTransform _canvasRect;

    const float DesignW = 1080;
    const float DesignH = 1920;
    
    private float DesignRatio;   //标准参考比率

    private float screenWidth;   //手机屏幕宽度
    private float screenHeight;  //手机屏幕高度
    
    private float safeAreaX;
    private float safeAreaY;       
    private float safeAreaWidth;   //手机安全区域宽度
    private float safeAreaHeight;  //手机安全区域高度
    
    private float CanvasRectWidth => _canvasRect == null ? DesignW : _canvasRect.rect.width;

    private float CanvasRectHeight => _canvasRect == null ? DesignH : _canvasRect.rect.height;
    
    void Start()
    {
        _canvasScaler = GetComponent<CanvasScaler>();
        _canvasRect = GetComponent<RectTransform>();
        if (_canvasScaler == null)
        {
            var canvasObj = GameObject.Find("/GameRoot/UIRoot");
            if(canvasObj!=null)
            {
                _canvasScaler = canvasObj.GetComponent(typeof(CanvasScaler))as CanvasScaler;
                _canvasRect = canvasObj.GetComponent<RectTransform>();
            }
        }

        if (_canvasScaler.matchWidthOrHeight == 0)
        {
            if (CanvasRectHeight <= DesignH)
            {
                //需要改为高度适配
                ChangeReference((int)MatchDimension.Height);
            }
        }
        else if (NumberTool.IsSameFloat(_canvasScaler.matchWidthOrHeight,1))
        {
            if (CanvasRectWidth <= DesignH)
            {
                //需要改为宽度适配
                ChangeReference((int)MatchDimension.Width);
            }
        }
        InitConfigData();
    }
    
    /// <summary>
    /// 初始化适配时需要的配置数据
    /// </summary>
    private void InitConfigData()
    {
        DesignRatio = DesignW / DesignH;
        var factRatio = CanvasRectHeight / Screen.height;
        safeAreaX = Screen.safeArea.x*factRatio;
        safeAreaY = Screen.safeArea.y*factRatio;
        safeAreaWidth = Screen.safeArea.width*factRatio;
        safeAreaHeight = Screen.safeArea.height*factRatio;
        screenWidth = CanvasRectWidth;
        screenHeight = CanvasRectHeight;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 切换参考维度
    /// </summary>
    public void ChangeReference(int md)
    {
        if (_canvasScaler == null)
        {
            return;
        }

        if (md == (int)MatchDimension.Width)
        {
            _canvasScaler.matchWidthOrHeight = 0;
        }
        else if (md == (int)MatchDimension.Height)
        {
            _canvasScaler.matchWidthOrHeight = 1;
        }
    }
    
    /// <summary>
    /// 限制UI元素在安全区域
    /// </summary>
    public void LimitSafeArea(RectTransform rect)
    {
        var offset = screenHeight - safeAreaHeight;
        if (safeAreaY == 0)
        {
            if (offset > 0)
            {
                //仅需适配屏幕top
                rect.offsetMax = new Vector2(rect.offsetMax.x, rect.offsetMax.y-offset);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if ((int)offset == (int)safeAreaY)
            {
                //仅需适配屏幕bottom
                rect.offsetMin = new Vector2(rect.offsetMin.x, rect.offsetMin.y + offset);
            }
            else if ((int)offset > (int)safeAreaY)
            {
                //需适配屏幕top和bottom
                var bottomOffset = safeAreaY;
                var topOffset = screenHeight - safeAreaHeight - bottomOffset;

                rect.offsetMin = new Vector2(rect.offsetMin.x, rect.offsetMin.y + bottomOffset);
                rect.offsetMax = new Vector2(rect.offsetMax.x, rect.offsetMax.y -topOffset);
            }
        }
    }
}

将该脚本附加到Canvas节点上

创建MatchUIContent

using UnityEngine;

public class MatchUIContent : MonoBehaviour
{
    void Start()
    {
        var rect = GetComponent<RectTransform>();
        MatchManager.Instance.LimitSafeArea(rect);
    }
}

在界面预制体中创建一个单独的节点main,在该节点下进行界面拼接