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零基础RT-thread第一节：串口通信UART

news 来源：原创 2025/6/13 6:23:19

记录一下自己的学习过程，如有错误多多指教。

我使用的时野火的开发板，芯片是F767IGT6。

首先，写一个UART的c文件，配置一下UART。

/** Copyright (c) 2006-2021, RT-Thread Development Team** SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0** Change Logs:* Date           Author       Notes* 2025-06-11     c       the first version*/
#include <rtthread.h>#define  SAMPLE_UART_NAME "uart1"//用于接收消息的信号量
static struct rt_semaphore rx_sem;
static rt_device_t serial;//接受数据回调函数
static rt_err_t uart_input(rt_device_t dev, rt_size_t size)
{rt_sem_release(&rx_sem);return RT_EOK;
}static void serial_thread_entry(void *parameter)
{char ch;while(1){//从串口读取一个字节的数据/没有读取到就等待接收信号量while(rt_device_read(serial, -1, &ch, 1) != 1){//阻塞等待接收信号量/等到信号量 后再次读取数据rt_sem_take(&rx_sem, RT_WAITING_FOREVER);}//读取到的数据通过串口错位输出ch = ch + 1;rt_device_write(serial, 0, &ch, 1);}
}static int uart_sample (int argc, char *argv[])
{rt_err_t ret = RT_EOK;char uart_name[RT_NAME_MAX];char str[] = "hello RT-Thread!\r\n";if(argc == 2){rt_strncpy(uart_name, argv[1], RT_NAME_MAX);}else {rt_strncpy(uart_name, SAMPLE_UART_NAME, RT_NAME_MAX);}//查找系统中的串口设备serial = rt_device_find(uart_name);if (!serial){rt_kprintf("find %s failed!\n", uart_name);return RT_ERROR;}//初始化信号量rt_sem_init(&rx_sem, "rx_sem", 0, RT_IPC_FLAG_FIFO);//以读写和中断接收方式打开串口设备rt_device_open(serial, RT_DEVICE_OFLAG_RDWR|RT_DEVICE_FLAG_INT_RX);//设置接收回调函数rt_device_set_rx_indicate(serial, uart_input);//发送字符串rt_device_write(serial, 0, str, sizeof(str) - 1);//创建serial线程rt_thread_t thread = rt_thread_create("serial",serial_thread_entry, RT_NULL, 1024, 25, 10);//创建成功则启动线程if( thread != RT_NULL){rt_thread_startup(thread);}else {ret = RT_ERROR;}return ret;
}MSH_CMD_EXPORT(uart_sample, uart device sample);

这里我们的串口是通过MSH_CMD,来调用的所以我们的main函数中是不需要调用函数的，所以main函数不用写任何的东西，然后uart.h文件其实也不用做什么，我这里声明了一个.c文件中的函数。

/** Copyright (c) 2006-2021, RT-Thread Development Team** SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0** Change Logs:* Date           Author       Notes* 2025-06-11     c       the first version*/
#ifndef APPLICATIONS_UART_H_
#define APPLICATIONS_UART_H_int uart_sample(int argc, char *argv[]);#endif /* APPLICATIONS_UART_H_ */

然后编译，下载。也没有报错。

接下来我打开RT终端准备测试一下串口。发现RT的终端竟然没有反应。首先检查了串口的注册，是uart1没有问题，引脚也没有问题。在KEIL测试串口也是可以使用的。终端就是没有响应。而且
在这里插入图片描述
只显示了这些内容，很显然是系统根本没有启动，和硬件是没有关系的。
网上搜索最后发现问题：

刚创建的项目控制台为什么不能用
跟着做之后问题就解决了，真的很感谢这位老哥。

我们的串口也是测试成功，接下来让它控制一下LED：

/** Copyright (c) 2006-2021, RT-Thread Development Team** SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0** Change Logs:* Date           Author       Notes* 2025-06-11     c            the first version* 2023-11-02     AI Assistant Add LED control via UART commands*/
#include <rtthread.h>
#include <rtdevice.h>
#include <board.h>#define SAMPLE_UART_NAME "uart1"// 三色灯引脚定义 - 使用 GET_PIN 宏定义
#define LED_R_PIN    GET_PIN(H, 10)  // PH10 (122)
#define LED_G_PIN    GET_PIN(H, 11)  // PH11 (123)
#define LED_B_PIN    GET_PIN(H, 12)  // PH12 (124)// 灯状态变量
static rt_base_t led_r_stat = PIN_HIGH;
static rt_base_t led_g_stat = PIN_HIGH;
static rt_base_t led_b_stat = PIN_HIGH;// 用于接收消息的信号量
static struct rt_semaphore rx_sem;
static rt_device_t serial;// 接受数据回调函数
static rt_err_t uart_input(rt_device_t dev, rt_size_t size)
{rt_sem_release(&rx_sem);return RT_EOK;
}// 控制LED显示状态
static void ctrl_led_show(void)
{rt_pin_write(LED_R_PIN, led_r_stat);rt_pin_write(LED_G_PIN, led_g_stat);rt_pin_write(LED_B_PIN, led_b_stat);// 调试信息 - 输出当前LED状态rt_kprintf("LED Status: R:%d G:%d B:%d (Pins: %d, %d, %d)\n",led_r_stat == PIN_LOW,led_g_stat == PIN_LOW,led_b_stat == PIN_LOW,LED_R_PIN, LED_G_PIN, LED_B_PIN);
}// 串口命令解释执行
static void process_uart_cmd(char cmd)
{char response[256];rt_size_t len = 0;switch (cmd){case 'r': case 'R':   // 红灯开关led_r_stat = (led_r_stat == PIN_LOW) ? PIN_HIGH : PIN_LOW;len = rt_snprintf(response, sizeof(response), "Red LED: %s\r\n",led_r_stat == PIN_LOW ? "ON" : "OFF");break;case 'g': case 'G':   // 绿灯开关led_g_stat = (led_g_stat == PIN_LOW) ? PIN_HIGH : PIN_LOW;len = rt_snprintf(response, sizeof(response), "Green LED: %s\r\n",led_g_stat == PIN_LOW ? "ON" : "OFF");break;case 'b': case 'B':   // 蓝灯开关led_b_stat = (led_b_stat == PIN_LOW) ? PIN_HIGH : PIN_LOW;len = rt_snprintf(response, sizeof(response), "Blue LED: %s\r\n",led_b_stat == PIN_LOW ? "ON" : "OFF");break;case '0':   // 所有灯关led_r_stat = PIN_HIGH;led_g_stat = PIN_HIGH;led_b_stat = PIN_HIGH;len = rt_snprintf(response, sizeof(response), "All LEDs OFF\r\n");break;case '1':   // 所有灯开(白色)led_r_stat = PIN_LOW;led_g_stat = PIN_LOW;led_b_stat = PIN_LOW;len = rt_snprintf(response, sizeof(response), "All LEDs ON (White)\r\n");break;case 'c': case 'C':   // 青色(绿+蓝)led_r_stat = PIN_HIGH;led_g_stat = PIN_LOW;led_b_stat = PIN_LOW;len = rt_snprintf(response, sizeof(response), "Cyan (Green+Blue)\r\n");break;case 'm': case 'M':   // 品红色(红+蓝)led_r_stat = PIN_LOW;led_g_stat = PIN_HIGH;led_b_stat = PIN_LOW;len = rt_snprintf(response, sizeof(response), "Magenta (Red+Blue)\r\n");break;case 'y': case 'Y':   // 黄色(红+绿)led_r_stat = PIN_LOW;led_g_stat = PIN_LOW;led_b_stat = PIN_HIGH;len = rt_snprintf(response, sizeof(response), "Yellow (Red+Green)\r\n");break;case '?':   // 帮助信息len = rt_snprintf(response, sizeof(response),"\r\nLED Control Commands:\r\n""R - Toggle Red LED\r\n""G - Toggle Green LED\r\n""B - Toggle Blue LED\r\n""0 - All OFF\r\n""1 - All ON (White)\r\n""C - Cyan (Green+Blue)\r\n""M - Magenta (Red+Blue)\r\n""Y - Yellow (Red+Green)\r\n""Q - Help\r\n");break;default:    // 无效命令len = rt_snprintf(response, sizeof(response), "Unknown command: %c\r\nUse ? for help\r\n", cmd);break;}// 更新LED状态ctrl_led_show();// 发送响应到串口if (len > 0 && len < sizeof(response)) {rt_device_write(serial, 0, response, len);}
}static void serial_thread_entry(void *parameter)
{char ch;while (1){// 从串口读取数据while (rt_device_read(serial, -1, &ch, 1) != 1){// 等待接收信号量rt_sem_take(&rx_sem, RT_WAITING_FOREVER);}// 处理串口命令process_uart_cmd(ch);}
}static int uart_sample(int argc, char *argv[])
{rt_err_t ret = RT_EOK;char uart_name[RT_NAME_MAX];char str[] = "\r\nUART LED Controller Ready!\r\n""Using LEDs on PH10 (R), PH11 (G), PH12 (B)\r\n""Enter ? for help\r\n";// 初始化LED引脚rt_pin_mode(LED_R_PIN, PIN_MODE_OUTPUT);rt_pin_mode(LED_G_PIN, PIN_MODE_OUTPUT);rt_pin_mode(LED_B_PIN, PIN_MODE_OUTPUT);// 设置初始状态为关闭led_r_stat = PIN_HIGH;led_g_stat = PIN_HIGH;led_b_stat = PIN_HIGH;ctrl_led_show();// 输出调试信息rt_kprintf("Initialized LEDs:\n");rt_kprintf("  Red   - PH10 (Pin %d)\n", LED_R_PIN);rt_kprintf("  Green - PH11 (Pin %d)\n", LED_G_PIN);rt_kprintf("  Blue  - PH12 (Pin %d)\n", LED_B_PIN);// 获取串口设备名称if (argc == 2) {rt_strncpy(uart_name, argv[1], RT_NAME_MAX);} else {rt_strncpy(uart_name, SAMPLE_UART_NAME, RT_NAME_MAX);}// 查找串口设备serial = rt_device_find(uart_name);if (!serial) {rt_kprintf("find %s failed!\n", uart_name);return RT_ERROR;}// 初始化信号量rt_sem_init(&rx_sem, "rx_sem", 0, RT_IPC_FLAG_FIFO);// 打开串口设备if (rt_device_open(serial, RT_DEVICE_OFLAG_RDWR | RT_DEVICE_FLAG_INT_RX) != RT_EOK) {rt_kprintf("open %s failed!\n", uart_name);return RT_ERROR;}// 设置串口参数（可选，根据需要设置）struct serial_configure config = RT_SERIAL_CONFIG_DEFAULT;config.baud_rate = BAUD_RATE_115200;  // 115200bpsconfig.data_bits = DATA_BITS_8;       // 8位数据位config.stop_bits = STOP_BITS_1;       // 1位停止位config.bufsz = 64;                    // 接收缓冲区大小config.parity = PARITY_NONE;          // 无校验rt_device_control(serial, RT_DEVICE_CTRL_CONFIG, &config);// 设置接收回调函数rt_device_set_rx_indicate(serial, uart_input);// 发送欢迎信息rt_device_write(serial, 0, str, sizeof(str) - 1);// 创建串口处理线程rt_thread_t thread = rt_thread_create("serial", serial_thread_entry, RT_NULL,1024, 25, 10);// 启动线程if (thread != RT_NULL) {rt_thread_startup(thread);} else {rt_kprintf("Failed to create serial thread!\n");ret = RT_ERROR;}return ret;
}MSH_CMD_EXPORT(uart_sample, uart device sample);