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基于Java的离散数学题库系统设计与实现：附完整源码与论文

news 来源：原创 2025/6/8 11:08:50

JAVA+SQL离散数学题库管理系统

一、系统概述

本系统采用Java Swing开发桌面应用，结合SQL Server数据库实现离散数学题库的高效管理。系统支持题型分类（选择题、填空题、判断题等）、难度分级、知识点关联，并提供智能组卷、在线测试等功能，满足教师出题和学生练习的需求。

二、系统架构设计

1. 技术选型

前端：Java Swing
后端：Java SE
数据库：SQL Server 2019
数据访问：JDBC
开发工具：IntelliJ IDEA

2. 系统架构

├── src
│   ├── main
│   │   ├── java
│   │   │   └── com
│   │   │       └── discrete
│   │   │           ├── controller (控制器层)
│   │   │           ├── model (模型层)
│   │   │           ├── view (视图层)
│   │   │           ├── dao (数据访问层)
│   │   │           └── utils (工具类)
│   │   └── resources
│   │       └── db.properties (数据库配置)

三、核心代码实现

1. 数据库连接工具类

// DBConnectionUtil.java
public class DBConnectionUtil {private static Connection connection;private static final String URL;private static final String USERNAME;private static final String PASSWORD;private static final String DRIVER;static {try {Properties properties = new Properties();InputStream inputStream = DBConnectionUtil.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("db.properties");properties.load(inputStream);URL = properties.getProperty("url");USERNAME = properties.getProperty("username");PASSWORD = properties.getProperty("password");DRIVER = properties.getProperty("driver");Class.forName(DRIVER);} catch (Exception e) {throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e);}}public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {if (connection == null || connection.isClosed()) {connection = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USERNAME, PASSWORD);}return connection;}public static void close(Connection conn, Statement stmt, ResultSet rs) {try {if (rs != null) rs.close();if (stmt != null) stmt.close();if (conn != null) conn.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}
}

2. 试题实体类

// Question.java
public class Question {private int id;private String content;private int type; // 1:选择题, 2:填空题, 3:判断题, 4:简答题private String options; // 选择题选项private String answer;private int difficulty; // 1:简单, 2:中等, 3:困难private int knowledgePointId;private String explanation;private Date createTime;// getters and setters
}

3. 试题数据访问类

// QuestionDAO.java
public class QuestionDAO {public List<Question> getQuestionsByKnowledgePoint(int knowledgePointId) {List<Question> questions = new ArrayList<>();String sql = "SELECT * FROM questions WHERE knowledgePointId = ?";try (Connection conn = DBConnectionUtil.getConnection();PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) {pstmt.setInt(1, knowledgePointId);ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery();while (rs.next()) {Question question = new Question();question.setId(rs.getInt("id"));question.setContent(rs.getString("content"));question.setType(rs.getInt("type"));question.setOptions(rs.getString("options"));question.setAnswer(rs.getString("answer"));question.setDifficulty(rs.getInt("difficulty"));question.setKnowledgePointId(rs.getInt("knowledgePointId"));question.setExplanation(rs.getString("explanation"));question.setCreateTime(rs.getDate("createTime"));questions.add(question);}} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}return questions;}public List<Question> generateRandomQuestions(int count, int difficulty, int knowledgePointId) {List<Question> allQuestions = new ArrayList<>();String sql = "SELECT * FROM questions WHERE difficulty = ?";if (knowledgePointId > 0) {sql += " AND knowledgePointId = ?";}sql += " ORDER BY NEWID()"; // SQL Server随机排序try (Connection conn = DBConnectionUtil.getConnection();PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) {pstmt.setInt(1, difficulty);if (knowledgePointId > 0) {pstmt.setInt(2, knowledgePointId);}ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery();while (rs.next()) {Question question = new Question();question.setId(rs.getInt("id"));question.setContent(rs.getString("content"));question.setType(rs.getInt("type"));question.setOptions(rs.getString("options"));question.setAnswer(rs.getString("answer"));question.setDifficulty(rs.getInt("difficulty"));question.setKnowledgePointId(rs.getInt("knowledgePointId"));question.setExplanation(rs.getString("explanation"));question.setCreateTime(rs.getDate("createTime"));allQuestions.add(question);if (allQuestions.size() >= count) {break;}}} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}return allQuestions;}public boolean addQuestion(Question question) {String sql = "INSERT INTO questions (content, type, options, answer, difficulty, " +"knowledgePointId, explanation, createTime) " +"VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, GETDATE())";try (Connection conn = DBConnectionUtil.getConnection();PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) {pstmt.setString(1, question.getContent());pstmt.setInt(2, question.getType());pstmt.setString(3, question.getOptions());pstmt.setString(4, question.getAnswer());pstmt.setInt(5, question.getDifficulty());pstmt.setInt(6, question.getKnowledgePointId());pstmt.setString(7, question.getExplanation());int rows = pstmt.executeUpdate();return rows > 0;} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();return false;}}
}

4. 知识点管理类

// KnowledgePointDAO.java
public class KnowledgePointDAO {public List<KnowledgePoint> getAllKnowledgePoints() {List<KnowledgePoint> points = new ArrayList<>();String sql = "SELECT * FROM knowledge_points ORDER BY parentId, sortOrder";try (Connection conn = DBConnectionUtil.getConnection();Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql)) {while (rs.next()) {KnowledgePoint point = new KnowledgePoint();point.setId(rs.getInt("id"));point.setName(rs.getString("name"));point.setParentId(rs.getInt("parentId"));point.setDescription(rs.getString("description"));points.add(point);}} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}return points;}public Map<Integer, List<KnowledgePoint>> getKnowledgePointTree() {Map<Integer, List<KnowledgePoint>> treeMap = new HashMap<>();List<KnowledgePoint> allPoints = getAllKnowledgePoints();for (KnowledgePoint point : allPoints) {treeMap.computeIfAbsent(point.getParentId(), k -> new ArrayList<>()).add(point);}return treeMap;}
}

5. 试卷生成类

// PaperGenerator.java
public class PaperGenerator {private QuestionDAO questionDAO = new QuestionDAO();public List<Question> generatePaper(PaperConfig config) {List<Question> paperQuestions = new ArrayList<>();// 根据配置从各知识点抽取试题Map<Integer, Integer> knowledgePointDistribution = config.getKnowledgePointDistribution();for (Map.Entry<Integer, Integer> entry : knowledgePointDistribution.entrySet()) {int knowledgePointId = entry.getKey();int questionCount = entry.getValue();// 按难度比例抽取试题int easyCount = (int) (questionCount * config.getEasyRatio() / 100);int mediumCount = (int) (questionCount * config.getMediumRatio() / 100);int hardCount = questionCount - easyCount - mediumCount;// 从题库中随机抽取试题List<Question> easyQuestions = questionDAO.generateRandomQuestions(easyCount, 1, knowledgePointId);List<Question> mediumQuestions = questionDAO.generateRandomQuestions(mediumCount, 2, knowledgePointId);List<Question> hardQuestions = questionDAO.generateRandomQuestions(hardCount, 3, knowledgePointId);paperQuestions.addAll(easyQuestions);paperQuestions.addAll(mediumQuestions);paperQuestions.addAll(hardQuestions);}// 打乱试题顺序Collections.shuffle(paperQuestions);return paperQuestions;}
}

四、系统界面设计

1. 主界面

// MainFrame.java
public class MainFrame extends JFrame {private JTabbedPane tabbedPane;private QuestionManagerPanel questionManagerPanel;private PaperManagerPanel paperManagerPanel;private KnowledgePointPanel knowledgePointPanel;public MainFrame() {setTitle("离散数学题库管理系统");setSize(1000, 700);setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);setLocationRelativeTo(null);initComponents();}private void initComponents() {tabbedPane = new JTabbedPane();questionManagerPanel = new QuestionManagerPanel();paperManagerPanel = new PaperManagerPanel();knowledgePointPanel = new KnowledgePointPanel();tabbedPane.addTab("试题管理", questionManagerPanel);tabbedPane.addTab("试卷管理", paperManagerPanel);tabbedPane.addTab("知识点管理", knowledgePointPanel);add(tabbedPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);}public static void main(String[] args) {SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> {try {UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}new MainFrame().setVisible(true);});}
}

2. 试题管理面板

// QuestionManagerPanel.java
public class QuestionManagerPanel extends JPanel {private JTable questionTable;private QuestionTableModel tableModel;private JComboBox<String> typeComboBox;private JComboBox<String> difficultyComboBox;private JComboBox<String> knowledgePointComboBox;private JTextField searchField;public QuestionManagerPanel() {setLayout(new BorderLayout());// 初始化工具栏initToolBar();// 初始化表格tableModel = new QuestionTableModel();questionTable = new JTable(tableModel);JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(questionTable);add(scrollPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);// 加载试题数据loadQuestions();}private void initToolBar() {JPanel toolBarPanel = new JPanel();toolBarPanel.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));// 添加试题按钮JButton addButton = new JButton("添加试题");addButton.addActionListener(e -> openAddQuestionDialog());// 编辑试题按钮JButton editButton = new JButton("编辑试题");editButton.addActionListener(e -> openEditQuestionDialog());// 删除试题按钮JButton deleteButton = new JButton("删除试题");deleteButton.addActionListener(e -> deleteSelectedQuestion());// 刷新按钮JButton refreshButton = new JButton("刷新");refreshButton.addActionListener(e -> loadQuestions());// 搜索组件typeComboBox = new JComboBox<>(new String[] {"全部题型", "选择题", "填空题", "判断题", "简答题"});difficultyComboBox = new JComboBox<>(new String[] {"全部难度", "简单", "中等", "困难"});// 初始化知识点下拉框initKnowledgePointComboBox();searchField = new JTextField(20);JButton searchButton = new JButton("搜索");searchButton.addActionListener(e -> searchQuestions());toolBarPanel.add(addButton);toolBarPanel.add(editButton);toolBarPanel.add(deleteButton);toolBarPanel.add(new JSeparator(SwingConstants.VERTICAL));toolBarPanel.add(typeComboBox);toolBarPanel.add(difficultyComboBox);toolBarPanel.add(knowledgePointComboBox);toolBarPanel.add(searchField);toolBarPanel.add(searchButton);add(toolBarPanel, BorderLayout.NORTH);}// 其他方法省略...
}

五、系统部署与测试

1. 环境要求

JDK 1.8+
SQL Server 2017+
JDBC驱动：mssql-jdbc-10.2.1.jre8.jar

2. 部署步骤

创建SQL Server数据库并执行建表脚本
配置db.properties中的数据库连接信息
使用Maven或IDE打包项目
运行程序：java -jar discrete-math-system.jar

3. 测试用例

// QuestionDAOTest.java
public class QuestionDAOTest {private QuestionDAO questionDAO = new QuestionDAO();@Beforepublic void setUp() {// 初始化测试环境}@Testpublic void testAddQuestion() {Question question = new Question();question.setContent("设A={1,2,3},B={2,3,4},则A∩B=?");question.setType(1); // 选择题question.setOptions("A.{1,2}\nB.{2,3}\nC.{3,4}\nD.{1,2,3,4}");question.setAnswer("B");question.setDifficulty(2); // 中等难度question.setKnowledgePointId(1); // 集合论question.setExplanation("交集是由所有既属于A又属于B的元素组成的集合。");boolean result = questionDAO.addQuestion(question);assertTrue(result);}@Testpublic void testGetQuestionsByKnowledgePoint() {List<Question> questions = questionDAO.getQuestionsByKnowledgePoint(1);assertNotNull(questions);assertTrue(questions.size() >= 0);}@Testpublic void testGenerateRandomQuestions() {List<Question> questions = questionDAO.generateRandomQuestions(5, 2, 1);assertNotNull(questions);assertEquals(5, questions.size());}
}