英语写作中“假设”suppose, assume, presume 的用法
一、suppose 是给出推理的前提,与事实无关,例如:
Suppose x >0. Then the square root of x is a real number. (假设x大于0,则x的平方根是实数。)
Suppose Jack and Alice share a private channel. Their communications will be secure.(假设Jack和爱丽丝拥有一个私密信道,他们的通信是安全的。)
上述例句很简单,可以用if代替suppose并合成一个句子,但这样削弱了推理的色彩,下面的例句就不能用if代替:
例如:
Let x, y and z be the three sides of a triangle. Suppose they satisfy that the square of z is the sum of the squares of y and z. ……(一通数学操作)Now we proved that this triangle is a right one.(x,y,z代表三角形的三个边,假设一个边长的平方等于另两边长平方和。……现在我们证明了这个三角形是直角三角形。)
何不尝试请DeepSeek 写例句!
“请以suppose作为开头写一段话,要求这段话是计算机科学领域的一个推理过程。”
DeepSeek 果然出手不凡:
Suppose we have a directed acyclic graph (DAG) representing tasks and their dependencies in a scheduling problem. If we perform a topological sort on this graph, the resulting linear ordering ensures that for every directed edge (u → v), task u appears before task v. This property allows us to schedule tasks in a way that all dependencies are resolved before execution. Now, if we assign each task a fixed execution time and compute the earliest start times via dynamic programming, we can determine the critical path—the longest path through the DAG, which dictates the minimum total time required to complete all tasks. This approach is foundational in algorithms for project management and parallel computing.
(译文:假设我们有一个表示调度问题中任务及其依赖关系的有向无环图(DAG)。若对该图进行拓扑排序,得到的线性序列能保证:对于每条边 (u → v),任务 u 总排在任务 v 之前。这一性质确保了调度时所有依赖均被优先执行。若进一步为每个任务分配固定执行时间,并通过动态规划计算最早开始时间,我们就能找到关键路径——即 DAG 中的最长路径,它决定了完成所有任务所需的最短总时间。该方法是项目管理和并行计算中算法的核心基础。)
哇,DeepSeek 太牛了!!
描述一个协议、算法时也用suppose给出前提条件,例如TCP三次握手(TCP Three-Way Handshake):
Suppose we have two hosts, A and B, establishing a TCP connection……
二、assume是给出设计、分析、实验、模拟的前提条件,与事实有关——是事实上合理的前提条件。
注意Suppose与事实无关,例如suppose x is greater than zero 不与任何事实有关,这里不能用Assume x is greater than zero.
例句:
Assume 20 to 50 servers are deployed. We will find out the time of service response vs. the number of servers.(假设布置20到50台服务器,我们将(通过模拟)得到与服务器数量有关的服务相应时间。)
上例的“假设”就是从事实出发的合理假设,不然得到的响应时间没有什么实际意义。
Assume the data is i.i.d(independent and identically distributed )Such an assumption is considered to be plausible in reality (假设数据是独立同分布的,这个假设在实际中是合理的。)
上例的假设是接下来分析的前提条件。上例还用到assume 的名词assumption 。
三、presume 表述一个预先假设的结论,然后验证它,而不是像suppose、assume作为前提条件。presume 在科技论文中很少用,就不举例了。
在科技写作中表述预先假设的结论用hypothesize (包括名词hypothesis ),但计算机科学一般不会用到这样的表述。