部署Superset BI（五）连接oracle数据库失败

折腾完了hana和sqlserver数据库的连接，开始折腾oracle数据库连接
1.requirements-local.txt配置
尝试在requirements-local.txt中设置，结果容器弄瘫痪了，拉不起来了，只要又去掉修改
root@Nocobase:/usr/superset/superset/docker# echo "cx_Oracle">> requirements-local.txt

前面配置sql server只是不能连接，现在连驱动安装都不给脸了。只能手动了。
2.进入到容器中，安装cx_Oracle
root@Nocoly:/superset_data/superset/docker# docker exec -it superset_app bash
root@3da2ba740404:/app# pip install cx_Oracle
Collecting cx_Oracle
  Downloading cx_Oracle-8.3.0.tar.gz (363 kB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 363.9/363.9 kB 1.7 MB/s eta 0:00:00
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
Building wheels for collected packages: cx_Oracle
  Building wheel for cx_Oracle (pyproject.toml) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Building wheel for cx_Oracle (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [24 lines of output]
      <string>:6: DeprecationWarning: pkg_resources is deprecated as an API. See https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/pkg_resources.html
      /tmp/pip-build-env-jkj_873l/overlay/lib/python3.11/site-packages/setuptools/config/expand.py:126: SetuptoolsWarning: File '/tmp/pip-install-0tywwoqt/cx-oracle_1429cd634a274461b4a2f485e86fc032/README.md' cannot be found
        return '\n'.join(
      /tmp/pip-build-env-jkj_873l/overlay/lib/python3.11/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py:759: SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning: License classifiers are deprecated.      !!

              ********************************************************************************
              Please consider removing the following classifiers in favor of a SPDX license expression:

              License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License

              See https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/guides/writing-pyproject-toml/#license for details.
              ********************************************************************************      !!
        self._finalize_license_expression()
      running bdist_wheel
      running build
      running build_ext
      building 'cx_Oracle' extension
      creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-cpython-311/odpi/src
      creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-cpython-311/src
      gcc -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -fPIC -DCXO_BUILD_VERSION=8.3.0 -Iodpi/include -Iodpi/src -I/usr/local/include/python3.11 -c odpi/src/dpiConn.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-cpython-311/odpi/src/dpiConn.o
      error: command 'gcc' failed: No such file or directory
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for cx_Oracle
Failed to build cx_Oracle
ERROR: Could not build wheels for cx_Oracle, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects
3.安装pyproject

既然需要pyproject，我们就安装pyproject
root@3da2ba740404:/app# pip install pyproject
Collecting pyproject
  Downloading pyproject-1.3.1.tar.gz (7.9 kB)
  Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... done
Collecting Jinja2 (from pyproject)
  Using cached jinja2-3.1.6-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (2.9 kB)
Collecting MarkupSafe>=2.0 (from Jinja2->pyproject)
  Using cached MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl.metadata (4.0 kB)
Using cached jinja2-3.1.6-py3-none-any.whl (134 kB)
Using cached MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (23 kB)
Building wheels for collected packages: pyproject
  Building wheel for pyproject (setup.py) ... done
  Created wheel for pyproject: filename=pyproject-1.3.1-py3-none-any.whl size=10995 sha256=b10093ffdb373bfb9c443970151ca6a9331234ee95133f5a406684c037d5b61a
  Stored in directory: /app/superset_home/.cache/pip/wheels/49/aa/0a/7d523f715bad8c2fa31a4418828706fa516810791845f287c4
Successfully built pyproject
Installing collected packages: MarkupSafe, Jinja2, pyproject
Successfully installed Jinja2-3.1.6 MarkupSafe-3.0.2 pyproject-1.3.1
WARNING: Running pip as the 'root' user can result in broken permissions and conflicting behaviour with the system package manager. It is recommended to use a virtual environment instead: https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/venv
4.再次安装cx_Oracle

pyproject安装成功再安装cx_Oracle，但是还是一样的错误
root@3da2ba740404:/app# pip install cx_Oracle

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for cx_Oracle
Failed to build cx_Oracle
ERROR: Could not build wheels for cx_Oracle, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects

查看pip,pyproject是安装成功的。
root@3da2ba740404:/app# pip freeze
Jinja2==3.1.6
MarkupSafe==3.0.2
pymssql==2.3.2
pyproject==1.3.1
uv==0.6.9
root@3da2ba740404:/app#

5.解决gcc

错误提示中还和gcc有关系。
root@Nocoly:/superset_data/superset/docker# docker exec -it superset_app bash
root@9388cd50484a:/app# apt-get update
Get:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm InRelease [151 kB]
Get:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates InRelease [55.4 kB]
Get:3 http://deb.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security InRelease [48.0 kB]
Get:4 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm/main amd64 Packages [8792 kB]
Get:5 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates/main amd64 Packages [13.5 kB]
Get:6 http://deb.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security/main amd64 Packages [250 kB]
Fetched 9310 kB in 3s (3003 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
root@9388cd50484a:/app# apt-get install -y build-essential
etting up gpg-wks-server (2.2.40-1.1) ...
Setting up cpp (4:12.2.0-3) ...
Setting up binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu (2.40-2) ...
Setting up gpg-wks-client (2.2.40-1.1) ...
Setting up libstdc++-12-dev:amd64 (12.2.0-14) ...
Setting up binutils (2.40-2) ...
Setting up dpkg-dev (1.21.22) ...
Setting up gcc-12 (12.2.0-14) ...
Setting up gnupg (2.2.40-1.1) ...
Setting up g++-12 (12.2.0-14) ...
Setting up gcc (4:12.2.0-3) ...
Setting up g++ (4:12.2.0-3) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/g++ to provide /usr/bin/c++ (c++) in auto mode
Setting up build-essential (12.9) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.36-9+deb12u10) ...

root@9388cd50484a:/app# apt-get install gcc
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
gcc is already the newest version (4:12.2.0-3).
gcc set to manually installed.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
6.再次安装cx_Oracle
root@9388cd50484a:/app# pip3 install cx_Oracle
Collecting cx_Oracle
  Using cached cx_Oracle-8.3.0.tar.gz (363 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
Building wheels for collected packages: cx_Oracle
  Building wheel for cx_Oracle (pyproject.toml) ... done
  Created wheel for cx_Oracle: filename=cx_oracle-8.3.0-cp311-cp311-linux_x86_64.whl size=873373 sha256=bee4e3e3421b69410369c2a7fca95b9c8f6fd08bb47713251093437573bf0613
  Stored in directory: /app/superset_home/.cache/pip/wheels/e0/41/f9/63e9c4d1ec7b2e8faffc1d6f3219c2e168c306b042d77e2b6f
Successfully built cx_Oracle
Installing collected packages: cx_Oracle
Successfully installed cx_Oracle-8.3.0
WARNING: Running pip as the 'root' user can result in broken permissions and conflicting behaviour with the system package manager. It is recommended to use a virtual environment instead: https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/venv
安装成功。
7.配置连接,测试失败
使用连接串oracle://system:CNpass2019@172.168.0.16:1521/?service_name=orcl
配置测试时提示错误：
ERROR: Could not load database driver: OracleEngineSpec看起来还是无法连接oracle
superset_app          |   File "/app/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/sqlalchemy/dialects/oracle/cx_oracle.py", line 1068, in dbapi
superset_app          |     import cx_Oracle
superset_app          | ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'cx_Oracle'

再次修改requirements-local.txt ，启动的时候一直报错，还是提示gcc相关的错误。见鬼。

8.安装oracle client
--下载
找到cx_oracle的网站，https://cx-oracle.readthedocs.io/en/latest/user_guide/installation.html#install-cx-oracle，这个里面有一大段话：
Using cx_Oracle requires Oracle Client libraries to be installed. These provide the necessary network connectivity allowing cx_Oracle to access an Oracle Database instance.
于是转头开始安装oracle client.
在Oracle网站上找到client下载地址，wget下载：
root@4e7cbd9d89c1:/app# mkdir /opt/oracle
root@4e7cbd9d89c1:/app# cd /opt/oracle
root@4e7cbd9d89c1:/opt/oracle# wget https://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/instantclient/122010/instantclient-basic-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
root@4e7cbd9d89c1:/opt/oracle# ls
instantclient-basic-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
root@4e7cbd9d89c1:/opt/oracle# unzip instantclient-basic-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
bash: unzip: command not found
root@4e7cbd9d89c1:/opt/oracle# pip install unzip
Collecting unzip
  Downloading unzip-1.0.0.tar.gz (704 bytes)
  Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... done
Building wheels for collected packages: unzip
  Building wheel for unzip (setup.py) ... done
  Created wheel for unzip: filename=unzip-1.0.0-py3-none-any.whl size=1282 sha256=d6297bd5a18634f65be9ec88800f630352a6ba97c6db780ceb42ef274358d82b
  Stored in directory: /app/superset_home/.cache/pip/wheels/3c/4d/b3/ddd83a91322fba02a91898d3b006090d1df1d3b0ad61bd8b36
Successfully built unzip
Installing collected packages: unzip
Successfully installed unzip-1.0.0

root@4e7cbd9d89c1:/opt/oracle# unzip instantclient-basic-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
Archive:  instantclient-basic-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
  End-of-central-directory signature not found.  Either this file is not
  a zipfile, or it constitutes one disk of a multi-part archive.  In the
  latter case the central directory and zipfile comment will be found on
  the last disk(s) of this archive.
unzip:  cannot find zipfile directory in one of oracle.zip or
        oracle.zip.zip, and cannot find oracle.zip.ZIP, period.
root@4e7cbd9d89c1:/opt/oracle# ls
instantclient-basic-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
文件明明存在，但是解压不了，原因是因为oracle下载需要登录。在宿主机上登录oracle下载后，拷贝到docker中。
--拷贝docker cp
root@Nocoly:~$ docker cp /home/admin/instantclient-basic-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip superset_app:/opt/oracle/
Successfully copied 69MB to superset_app:/opt/oracle/
root@Nocoly:~$ docker exec -it 4e7cbd9d89c1 bash
root@4e7cbd9d89c1:/app# cd /opt/oracle
root@4e7cbd9d89c1:/opt/oracle# ls
instantclient-basic-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
root@4e7cbd9d89c1:/opt/oracle#  unzip instantclient-basic-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
Archive:  instantclient-basic-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
  inflating: instantclient_12_2/adrci
  inflating: instantclient_12_2/BASIC_README
  inflating: instantclient_12_2/genezi
  inflating: instantclient_12_2/libclntshcore.so.12.1
  inflating: instantclient_12_2/libclntsh.so.12.1
  inflating: instantclient_12_2/libipc1.so
  inflating: instantclient_12_2/libmql1.so
  inflating: instantclient_12_2/libnnz12.so
  inflating: instantclient_12_2/libocci.so.12.1
  inflating: instantclient_12_2/libociei.so
  inflating: instantclient_12_2/libocijdbc12.so
  inflating: instantclient_12_2/libons.so
  inflating: instantclient_12_2/liboramysql12.so
  inflating: instantclient_12_2/ojdbc8.jar
  inflating: instantclient_12_2/uidrvci
  inflating: instantclient_12_2/xstreams.jar
--安装libaio1

root@4e7cbd9d89c1:/opt/oracle/instantclient_12_2# apt install libaio
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package libaio
root@4e7cbd9d89c1:/opt/oracle/instantclient_12_2# apt install libaio1
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
--设置环境变量
root@4e7cbd9d89c1:/opt/oracle/instantclient_12_2# sh -c "echo /opt/oracle/instantclient_12_2 > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/oracle-instantclient.conf"
root@4e7cbd9d89c1:/opt/oracle/instantclient_12_2# ldconfig

root@4e7cbd9d89c1:/opt/oracle/instantclient_12_2# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/oracle/instantclient_12_2:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

root@4e7cbd9d89c1:/opt/oracle/instantclient_12_2# exit
exit
--重启容器
root@Nocoly::~$ docker restart superset_app
superset_app
root@Nocoly::~$ docker exec -it 4e7cbd9d89c1 bash

9.配置连接，失败
还是同样的错误：ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'cx_oracle'
root@4e7cbd9d89c1:/app# python3
Python 3.11.11 (main, Apr  8 2025, 01:39:46) [GCC 12.2.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import cx_oracle
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'cx_oracle'

oracle client已经安装了，cx_oracle已经安装了，为什么还是提示“No module named 'cx_oracle”？环境变量问题？
 

root@4e7cbd9d89c1:/app# python -m site
sys.path = [
    '/app',
    '/app/pythonpath',
    '/app/docker/pythonpath_dev',
    '/usr/local/lib/python311.zip',
    '/usr/local/lib/python3.11',
    '/usr/local/lib/python3.11/lib-dynload',
    '/app/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages',
]
USER_BASE: '/app/superset_home/.local' (doesn't exist)
USER_SITE: '/app/superset_home/.local/lib/python3.11/site-packages' (doesn't exist)
ENABLE_USER_SITE: False
root@4e7cbd9d89c1:/app# cd /app/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages
这个目录下真的找不到cx_oracle,再安装一次看看
root@4e7cbd9d89c1:/app#  pip3 install cx_oracle
Requirement already satisfied: cx_oracle in /usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages (8.3.0)
WARNING: Running pip as the 'root' user can result in broken permissions and conflicting behaviour with the system package manager, possibly rendering your system unusable. It is recommended to use a virtual environment instead: https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/venv. Use the --root-user-action option if you know what you are doing and want to suppress this warning.
安装路径在/usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages (8.3.0)，而sys.path 中并没有此路径，那我添加路径再测试。

>>> sys.path.append('/usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages')
>>> import cx_oracle
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>

结果还是同样的错误，python里面测试如此，superset里面肯定没戏，彻底卡住了，失败！我想换条路走走了。