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结合 ECharts / Ant Design Blazor 构建高性能实时仪表盘

news 来源：原创 2025/5/11 11:01:52

📊 结合 ECharts / Ant Design Blazor 构建高性能实时仪表盘

文章目录

📊 结合 ECharts / Ant Design Blazor 构建高性能实时仪表盘
- 一、前言 🔍
- 二、技术选型 🧰
- 三、项目配置与架构 🏗️
- - 🌐 系统整体架构流程图
  - Program.cs
  - _Host.cshtml
- 四、数据模型与推送服务 📦➡️📊
- - ChartData.cs
  - IDataPushService.cs
  - DataPushService.cs
  - 🔄 数据推送流程图
  - DashboardHub.cs
- 五、后台数据推送服务 ⏰📤
- - TimedPushService.cs
- 六、封装图表组件与 JS 模块 🧱🖼️
- - EChart.razor
  - echarts-helper.js
  - 🗂️ 图表初始化与更新流程图
- 七、仪表盘页面 Dashboard.razor 🎛️🧑‍💻
- - 🚀 SignalR 连接生命周期流程图
- 八、部署与运行 ⚙️🚀
- - ⚙️ 部署与运行流程图
- 九、总结 📝✨
- 十、参考链接 🔗📚

一、前言 🔍

在现代 Web 应用中，数据可视化尤为重要，特别是在物联网🌐、金融风控💰、数据运营📉等领域，实时仪表盘成为监控系统的核心组成部分。本文将介绍如何结合 ECharts 和 Ant Design Blazor 构建一个具备自动重连🔄、节流更新⏱️、高性能渲染⚡的实时数据仪表盘系统。

二、技术选型 🧰

推荐版本：

ECharts ^5.4.0 📊
Ant Design Blazor ^2.2.0 🧩
ASP.NET Core SignalR >=7.0 📡
ECharts：百度开源的图表库，功能丰富📈、性能优异🔥，适合构建各种复杂图表。
Ant Design Blazor：阿里开源的 Ant Design 在 Blazor 平台上的实现，提供现代化、高颜值组件✨。
SignalR：用于实现浏览器端 WebSocket 式实时推送📡。

三、项目配置与架构 🏗️

🌐 系统整体架构流程图

Program.cs

// Program.cs
using System.Text.Json;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using RealTimeDashboard.Services;var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);builder.Services.AddRazorPages();
builder.Services.AddServerSideBlazor();
builder.Services.AddAntDesign();builder.Services.AddSignalR().AddJsonProtocol(options =>{// 输出 camelCase，以配合 JS 客户端常用习惯options.PayloadSerializerOptions.PropertyNamingPolicy = JsonNamingPolicy.CamelCase;});builder.Services.AddSingleton<IDataPushService, DataPushService>();
builder.Services.AddHostedService<TimedPushService>();var app = builder.Build();app.UseStaticFiles();
app.UseRouting();
app.UseAntDesign();app.MapBlazorHub();
app.MapHub<DashboardHub>("/dashboardHub");
app.MapFallbackToPage("/_Host");app.Run();

_Host.cshtml

<!-- _Host.cshtml -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><base href="~/" /><meta charset="utf-8" /><title>实时仪表盘 - MyBlazorApp</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><meta name="description" content="使用 Blazor + ECharts + SignalR 构建实时数据仪表盘，支持自动重连、节流更新与高性能渲染。" /><meta name="keywords" content="Blazor, ECharts, SignalR, 实时仪表盘, Ant Design Blazor, 可视化, .NET" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="~/_content/AntDesign/css/ant-design-blazor.css" /><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/echarts@5/dist/echarts.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body><app><component type="typeof(App)" render-mode="ServerPrerendered" /></app><script src="_framework/blazor.server.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

四、数据模型与推送服务 📦➡️📊

ChartData.cs

// Models/ChartData.cs
namespace RealTimeDashboard.Models
{public record ChartData(string[] XAxis, int[] Values);
}

IDataPushService.cs

// Services/IDataPushService.cs
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using RealTimeDashboard.Models;namespace RealTimeDashboard.Services
{public interface IDataPushService{Task PushAsync(ChartData data);}
}

DataPushService.cs

// Services/DataPushService.cs
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR;
using RealTimeDashboard.Hubs;
using RealTimeDashboard.Models;namespace RealTimeDashboard.Services
{public class DataPushService : IDataPushService{private readonly IHubContext<DashboardHub> _hubContext;public DataPushService(IHubContext<DashboardHub> hubContext) => _hubContext = hubContext;public Task PushAsync(ChartData data)=> _hubContext.Clients.All.SendAsync("updateChart", data);}
}

🔄 数据推送流程图

DashboardHub.cs

// Hubs/DashboardHub.cs
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR;namespace RealTimeDashboard.Hubs
{public class DashboardHub : Hub { }
}

五、后台数据推送服务 ⏰📤

TimedPushService.cs

// Services/TimedPushService.cs
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using RealTimeDashboard.Models;namespace RealTimeDashboard.Services
{public class TimedPushService : BackgroundService{private readonly IDataPushService _push;private readonly ILogger<TimedPushService> _logger;public TimedPushService(IDataPushService push, ILogger<TimedPushService> logger){_push = push;_logger = logger;}protected override async Task ExecuteAsync(CancellationToken stoppingToken){var xAxis = new[] { "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat", "Sun" };var rnd = Random.Shared;while (!stoppingToken.IsCancellationRequested){try{var data = new ChartData(xAxis,Enumerable.Range(0, 7).Select(_ => rnd.Next(800, 1400)).ToArray());await _push.PushAsync(data);// 加入少量随机抖动，避免集中重连await Task.Delay(3000 + rnd.Next(0, 500), stoppingToken);}catch (TaskCanceledException){// 服务停止时忽略}catch (Exception ex){_logger.LogError(ex, "数据推送异常");}}}}
}

六、封装图表组件与 JS 模块 🧱🖼️

EChart.razor

<!-- Components/EChart.razor -->
@inject IJSRuntime JSRuntime
@implements IAsyncDisposable<div id="@ChartId" style="width:100%;height:400px;"></div>@code {[Parameter] public string ChartId { get; set; } = $"chart-{Guid.NewGuid()}";[Parameter] public object? ChartOptions { get; set; }[Parameter] public int ThrottleMs { get; set; } = 200;private IJSObjectReference? _module;protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender){if (firstRender && ChartOptions is not null){_module = await JSRuntime.InvokeAsync<IJSObjectReference>("import", "/js/echarts-helper.js");await _module.InvokeVoidAsync("initChart", ChartId, ChartOptions, ThrottleMs);}}protected override async Task OnParametersSetAsync(){if (_module is not null && ChartOptions is not null){await _module.InvokeVoidAsync("updateChart", ChartId, ChartOptions);}}public async ValueTask DisposeAsync(){if (_module is not null){await _module.InvokeVoidAsync("disposeChart", ChartId);await _module.DisposeAsync();}}
}

echarts-helper.js

// wwwroot/js/echarts-helper.js
window.__charts = {};
const throttleConfigs = {};
const throttleTimers = {};if (!window.__chartsResizeRegistered) {window.addEventListener("resize", () => {Object.values(window.__charts).forEach(chart => chart.resize());});window.__chartsResizeRegistered = true;
}export function initChart(id, options, throttleMs = 200) {const container = document.getElementById(id);if (!container) return;const chart = echarts.init(container);chart.setOption(options);window.__charts[id] = chart;throttleConfigs[id] = throttleMs;
}export function updateChart(id, options) {clearTimeout(throttleTimers[id]);throttleTimers[id] = setTimeout(() => {window.__charts[id].setOption(options, { notMerge: true, lazyUpdate: true });}, throttleConfigs[id]);
}export function disposeChart(id) {if (window.__charts[id]) {window.__charts[id].dispose();delete window.__charts[id];}delete throttleConfigs[id];clearTimeout(throttleTimers[id]);delete throttleTimers[id];
}

🗂️ 图表初始化与更新流程图

七、仪表盘页面 Dashboard.razor 🎛️🧑‍💻

<!-- Pages/Dashboard.razor -->
@page "/dashboard"
@using RealTimeDashboard.Components
@using RealTimeDashboard.Models
@using Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Client
@inject NavigationManager Navigation
@inject IJSRuntime JSRuntime
@inject MessageService Message
@implements IAsyncDisposable<h3>📈 实时仪表盘</h3>
<EChart @ref="chartRef" ChartId="mainChart" ChartOptions="chartOption" ThrottleMs="300" />@code {private HubConnection? _conn;private EChart? chartRef;private object chartOption = new{xAxis = new { type = "category", data = new[] { "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat", "Sun" } },yAxis = new { type = "value" },series = new[] { new { data = new[] { 820, 932, 901, 934, 1290, 1330, 1320 }, type = "line" } }};protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync(){_conn = new HubConnectionBuilder().WithUrl(Navigation.ToAbsoluteUri("/dashboardHub")).WithAutomaticReconnect().Build();_conn.On<ChartData>("updateChart", data =>{chartOption = new{xAxis = new { type = "category", data = data.XAxis },yAxis = new { type = "value" },series = new[] { new { data = data.Values, type = "line" } }};InvokeAsync(StateHasChanged);});_conn.Closed += error => { _ = Message.Error("SignalR 连接已断开"); return Task.CompletedTask; };_conn.Reconnected += id => { _ = Message.Success("SignalR 已重连"); return Task.CompletedTask; };try{await _conn.StartAsync();}catch (Exception ex){Message.Error($"SignalR 连接失败：{ex.Message}");}}public async ValueTask DisposeAsync(){if (_conn is not null) await _conn.DisposeAsync();if (chartRef is not null) await chartRef.DisposeAsync();}
}