ubuntu中解决matplotlib无法显示中文问题
一、查看本机matplotlib中支持的字体
运行下列代码即可查看支持的字体
# 查询当前系统所有字体
from matplotlib.font_manager import FontManager# 获取字体名称集合
mpl_fonts = sorted(set(f.name for f in FontManager().ttflist))# 设置每行列数
cols = 5
font_rows = [mpl_fonts[i:i + cols] for i in range(0, len(mpl_fonts), cols)]print("all font list from matplotlib.font_manager:\n")
for row in font_rows:print("".join(f"{name:<25}" for name in row)) # 每列宽度 25
运行结果参考
all font list from matplotlib.font_manager:AR PL UKai CN AR PL UMing CN Abyssinica SIL Andale Mono Ani
AnjaliOldLipi Arial Arial Black C059 Chandas
Chilanka Comic Sans MS Courier New D050000L DejaVu Math TeX Gyre
DejaVu Sans DejaVu Sans Display DejaVu Sans Mono DejaVu Serif DejaVu Serif Display
Dhurjati Droid Sans Fallback Dyuthi FreeMono FreeSans
FreeSerif Gargi Garuda Gayathri Georgia
Gidugu Gubbi Gurajada Impact Jamrul
KacstArt KacstBook KacstDecorative KacstDigital KacstFarsi
KacstLetter KacstNaskh KacstOffice KacstOne KacstPen
KacstPoster KacstQurn KacstScreen KacstTitle KacstTitleL
Kalapi Kalimati Karumbi Keraleeyam Khmer OS
Khmer OS System Kinnari LKLUG LakkiReddy Laksaman
Liberation Mono Liberation Sans Liberation Sans Narrow Liberation Serif Likhan
Lohit Assamese Lohit Bengali Lohit Devanagari Lohit Gujarati Lohit Gurmukhi
Lohit Kannada Lohit Malayalam Lohit Odia Lohit Tamil Lohit Tamil Classical
Lohit Telugu Loma Mallanna Mandali Manjari
Meera Mitra Mukti NATS NTR
Nakula Navilu Nimbus Mono PS Nimbus Roman Nimbus Sans
Nimbus Sans Narrow Norasi Noto Mono Noto Sans CJK JP Noto Sans Mono
Noto Serif CJK JP OpenSymbol P052 Padauk Padauk Book
Pagul Peddana Phetsarath OT Ponnala Pothana2000
Potti Sreeramulu Purisa Rachana RaghuMalayalamSans Ramabhadra
Ramaraja Rasa RaviPrakash Rekha STIXGeneral
STIXNonUnicode STIXSizeFiveSym STIXSizeFourSym STIXSizeOneSym STIXSizeThreeSym
STIXSizeTwoSym Saab Sahadeva Samanata Samyak Devanagari
Samyak Gujarati Samyak Malayalam Samyak Tamil Sarai Sawasdee
SimHei SimSun-ExtB Sree Krushnadevaraya Standard Symbols PS Suranna
Suravaram Suruma Syamala Ramana TenaliRamakrishna Tibetan Machine Uni
Times New Roman Timmana Tlwg Mono Tlwg Typewriter Tlwg Typist
Tlwg Typo Trebuchet MS URW Bookman URW Gothic Ubuntu
Ubuntu Condensed Ubuntu Mono Umpush Uroob Vemana2000
Verdana Waree Webdings WenQuanYi Micro Hei Yrsa
Z003 aakar cmb10 cmex10 cmmi10
cmr10 cmss10 cmsy10 cmtt10 dsrom10
esint10 eufm10 mry_KacstQurn msam10 msbm10
ori1Uni padmaa padmaa-Bold.1.1 rsfs10 stmary10
wasy10
ps: SimHei 即是中文黑体，我这里面已经安装了，如果没有安装见步骤(二)
二、将SimHei字体拷贝到matplotlib字体路径下
simhei.tff文件可以在Windows中获取，路径如下
C:\Windows\Fonts
查看matplotlib配置文件路径
import matplotlib as mpl
print(mpl.matplotlib_fname())
输出如下
/home/ryan/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc
将上面拷贝的simhei.tff文件放到下面文件夹中
/home/ryan/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttf
然后再执行一下上面查看支持字体的代码，看看字体是否添加成功。
三、重建字体缓存
删除matplotlib配置文件，将下面路径下的.json文件删除。
~/.cache/matplotlib
然后执行
import matplotlib#重建历史缓存 更新完字体执行一次就可以
matplotlib.font_manager._load_fontmanager(try_read_cache=False)
测试以下中文能否显示
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib as mplplt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] #添加“SimHei”（宋体）到字库族列表中
mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False #解决负号'-'显示为方块的问题# 第一个 Figure
fig1, ax1 = plt.subplots()
ax1.plot([1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6])
ax1.set_title("第一张图")plt.show() # 显示所有图
