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什么是JUC

news 来源：原创 2025/5/1 23:14:02

什么是JUC

JUC指的是：Java里的三个包

java.util.concurrent
java.util.concurrent.atomic：原子性
java.util.concurrent.locks：lock锁

回顾线程和进程

进程

程序执行的一次过程，一个进程包含一个或多个线程。进程是资源分配的单位

线程

可以指程序执行过程中，负责实现某个功能的单位。线程是CPU调度和执行的单位

并发

同一时刻，多个线程交替执行。（一个CPU交替执行线程）

并行

同一时刻，多个线程同时执行。（多个CPU同时执行多个线程）

查询cpu核数

public class Test1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //查询cpu核数
        //CPU 密集型，IO密集型
        System.out.println(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors());
    }
}

并发编程的本质

并发编程的本质是充分利用cpu资源。

问题：Java真的可以开启线程吗

不可以。Java创建Thread类调用start方法，底层是把线程放到一个组里面，然后调用一个本地方法start0；方法底层是C++；Java无法操作硬件。

Thread部分源码

public synchronized void start() {
        /**
         * This method is not invoked for the main method thread or "system"
         * group threads created/set up by the VM. Any new functionality added
         * to this method in the future may have to also be added to the VM.
         *
         * A zero status value corresponds to state "NEW".
         */
        if (threadStatus != 0)
            throw new IllegalThreadStateException();

        /* Notify the group that this thread is about to be started
         * so that it can be added to the group's list of threads
         * and the group's unstarted count can be decremented. */
        group.add(this);

        boolean started = false;
        try {
            start0();
            started = true;
        } finally {
            try {
                if (!started) {
                    group.threadStartFailed(this);
                }
            } catch (Throwable ignore) {
                /* do nothing. If start0 threw a Throwable then
                  it will be passed up the call stack */
            }
        }
    }

    //本地方法，底层的C++ java无法直接操作硬件
    private native void start0();

多线程回顾

线程的几种状态

新生状态、运行状态、阻塞状态、等待状态（死等）、超时等待状态（过期不候）、停止状态

Thread.State的源码

public enum State {
        /**
         * Thread state for a thread which has not yet started.
         */
         // 新生
        NEW,
        /**
         * Thread state for a runnable thread.  A thread in the runnable
         * state is executing in the Java virtual machine but it may
         * be waiting for other resources from the operating system
         * such as processor.
         */
         // 运行
        RUNNABLE,
        /**
         * Thread state for a thread blocked waiting for a monitor lock.
         * A thread in the blocked state is waiting for a monitor lock
         * to enter a synchronized block/method or
         * reenter a synchronized block/method after calling
         * {@link Object#wait() Object.wait}.
         */
         // 阻塞
        BLOCKED,
        /**
         * Thread state for a waiting thread.
         * A thread is in the waiting state due to calling one of the
         * following methods:
         * <ul>
         *   <li>{@link Object#wait() Object.wait} with no timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link #join() Thread.join} with no timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#park() LockSupport.park}</li>
         * </ul>
         *
         * <p>A thread in the waiting state is waiting for another thread to
         * perform a particular action.
         *
         * For example, a thread that has called <tt>Object.wait()</tt>
         * on an object is waiting for another thread to call
         * <tt>Object.notify()</tt> or <tt>Object.notifyAll()</tt> on
         * that object. A thread that has called <tt>Thread.join()</tt>
         * is waiting for a specified thread to terminate.
         */
         // 等待，死死的等待
        WAITING,
        /**
         * Thread state for a waiting thread with a specified waiting time.
         * A thread is in the timed waiting state due to calling one of
         * the following methods with a specified positive waiting time:
         * <ul>
         *   <li>{@link #sleep Thread.sleep}</li>
         *   <li>{@link Object#wait(long) Object.wait} with timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link #join(long) Thread.join} with timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#parkNanos LockSupport.parkNanos}</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#parkUntil LockSupport.parkUntil}</li>
         * </ul>
         */
         // 超时等待
        TIMED_WAITING,
        /**
         * Thread state for a terminated thread.
         * The thread has completed execution.
         */
         // 终止
        TERMINATED;
    }