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C++模板编程——typelist的实现

news 来源：原创 2025/6/19 2:57:54

文章最后给出了汇总的代码，可直接运行

1. typelist是什么

typelist是一种用来操作类型的容器。和我们所熟知的vector、list、deque类似，只不过typelist存储的不是变量，而是类型。

typelist简单来说就是一个类型容器，能够提供一系列的操作。

本文将展示使用元编程实现typelist。

2. 要实现的typelist的接口

在此列举一下即将要编写的typelist的所有接口：

typelist：要实现的容器类型。
front<typelist>：获取容器中的第一个元素。
size<typelist>：获取容器的元素数量。
pop_front<typelist, elem>：移出第一个元素。
push_front<typelist, elem>：向开头插入一个元素。
push_back<typelist, elem>：向结尾插入一个元素。
replace_front<typelist, elem>：替换第一个元素。
is_empty<typelist>：判断是否为空。
find<typelist, index>：查找下标为index的元素。
get_maxsize_type<typelist>：容器中尺寸（sizeof）最大的元素。
reverse<typelist>：翻转容器中的元素。
filter<typelist, Pre>:根据谓词Pre来过滤typelist中的类型。Pre应该是一个类模板，接受一个类型模板参数，并拥有一个bool类型的静态变量value，value为false时将该类型剔除typelist。

3. 接口实现

3.1 容器

template<typename... Elems>
struct typelist{};

3.2 front<typelist>

template<typename TPLT>// typelist的简写
struct front;

struct front<typelist<FirstElem, OtherElems...>>
{
    using type = FirstElem;
};

3.3 size<typelist>

template<typename TPLT>
struct size;

template<typename... Elems>
struct size<typelist<Elems...>>
{
    static inline const value = sizeof...(Elems);
};

3.4 pop_front<typelist, elem>

template<typename TPLT>
struct pop_front;

template<typename FirstElem, typename... OtherElems>
struct pop_front<typelist<FirstElem, OtherElems...>
{
    using type = typelist<OtherrElems...>;
};

3.5 push_front<typelist, elem>

template<typename TPLT, typename newElem>
struct push_front;

template<typename... Elems, typename newElem>
struct push_front<typelist<Elems...>, newElem>
{
    using type = typelist<newElem, Elems...>;
};

3.6 push_back<typelist, elem>

template<typename TPLT, typename newElem>
struct push_back;

template<typename... Elems, typename newElem>
struct push_back<typelist<Elems...>, newElem>
{
    using type = typelist<Elems..., newElem>;
};

3.7 replace_front<TPLT, elem>

template<typename TPLT, typename Elem>
struct replace_front;

template<typename FirstElem, typename... OtherElems, typename Elem>
struct replace_front<typelist<FirstElem, OtherElems...>, Elem>
{
    using type = typelist<Elem, OtherElems...>;
};

3.8 is_empty<TPLT>

template<typename TPLT>
struct is_empty;

template<typename... Elems>
struct is_empty
{
    static inline const bool value = sizeof...(Elems) == 0;
};

3.9 find<typelist, index>

template<typename TPLT, size_t index>
struct find : find<typename pop_front<TPLT>::type, index - 1>
{
	
};

template<typename TPLT>
struct find<TPLT, 0> :front<TPLT>
{
};

3.10 get_maxsize_type<typelist>

template<typename TPLT>
struct get_maxsize_type
{
private:
	using FirstType = typename front<TPLT>::type;
	using RemainLT = typename pop_front<TPLT>::type;
	using RemainMaxType = typename get_maxsize_type<RemainLT>::type;
public:
	using type = conditional_t < (sizeof(FirstType) > sizeof(RemainMaxType)),
		FirstType, RemainMaxType >;
};

template<typename Elem>
struct get_maxsize_type<typelist<Elem>>
{
	using type = Elem;
};

template<>
struct get_maxsize_type<typelist<>>;

3.11 reverse<typelist>

template<typename TPLT>
struct reverse
{
private:
	using FirstElem = typename front<TPLT>::type;
	using RemainTL = typename pop_front<TPLT>::type;
	using ReversedRemainTL = typename reverse<RemainTL>::type;
public:
	using type = typename push_back<ReversedRemainTL, FirstElem>::type;
};


template<>
struct reverse<typelist<>>
{
	using type = typelist<>;
};

或

template<typename TPLT, bool = is_empty<TPLT>::value>
struct reverse;

template<typename TPLT>
struct reverse<TPLT, false>
{
private:
	using FirstElem = typename front<TPLT>::type;
	using RemainTL = typename pop_front<TPLT>::type;
	using ReversedRemainTL = typename reverse<RemainTL>::type;
public:
	using type = typename push_back<ReversedRemainTL, FirstElem>::type;
};

template<typename TPLT>
struct reverse<TPLT, true>
{
	using type = typelist<>;
};

3.12 filter<typelist, Pre>

// 根据谓词过滤元素，谓词应该是一个类模板，接受一个类型参数，并且具有静态bool变量，false表示过滤掉该类型
template<typename TPLT, template<typename>typename Pre>
struct filter;

template<typename FirstElem, typename... OtherElems, template<typename>typename Pre>
struct filter<typelist<FirstElem, OtherElems...>, Pre>
{
private:
	using RemainFilteredTL = typename filter<typelist<OtherElems...>, Pre>::type;
public:
	using type = std::conditional_t< Pre<FirstElem>::value,
		typename push_front<RemainFilteredTL, FirstElem>::type,
		RemainFilteredTL >;
};

template<template<typename>typename Pre>
struct filter<typelist<>, Pre>
{
	using type = typelist<>;
};

// 测试使用的类模板，用以剔除某个指定的类型
template<typename InputType, typename FilterType = double>
struct test_filter
{
	static constexpr bool value = !std::is_same_v<InputType, FilterType>;  //如果类型是int,就输出false,int不通过
};

4. 完整代码

#include <iostream>
#include <type_traits>
#include "typegetter.hpp"

using namespace std;

/*

*/

namespace myTypeList
{
	template<typename... Elems>
	struct typelist {};

	template<typename TPLT>
	struct front;

	template<typename FirstElem, typename... OtherElems>
	struct front < typelist<FirstElem, OtherElems...>>
	{
		using type = FirstElem;
	};

	template<typename TPLT>
	struct size;

	template<typename... Elems>
	struct size<typelist<Elems...>>
	{
		static const inline size_t value = sizeof...(Elems);
	};

	template<typename TPLT>
	struct is_empty;

	template<typename... Elems>
	struct is_empty<typelist<Elems...>>
	{
		static constexpr bool value = sizeof...(Elems) == 0;
	};


	template<typename TPLT>
	struct pop_front;

	
	template<typename FirstElem, typename... OtherElems>
	struct pop_front< typelist<FirstElem, OtherElems...> >
	{
		using type = typelist<OtherElems...>;
	};

	template<typename TPLT, typename newElem>
	struct push_front;

	template<typename... Types, typename newElem>
	struct push_front<typelist<Types...>, newElem>
	{
		using type = typelist<newElem, Types...>;
	};

	template<typename TPLT, typename newElem>
	struct push_back;

	template<typename... Types, typename newElem>
	struct push_back<typelist<Types...>, newElem>
	{
		using type = typelist<Types..., newElem>;
	};

	template<typename TPLT, typename newElem>
	struct replace_front;

	template<typename FirstElem, typename... OtherElems, typename newElem>
	struct replace_front<typelist<FirstElem, OtherElems...>, newElem>
	{
		using type = typelist<newElem, OtherElems...>;
	};

	

	template<typename TPLT, size_t index>
	struct find : find<typename pop_front<TPLT>::type, index - 1>
	{
		
	};

	/*
		和下面的写法是等价的

	template<typename TPLT, size_t index>
	struct find
	{
		using type = typename find<typename pop_front<TPLT>::type, index - 1>::type;
	};

	*/

	template<typename TPLT>
	struct find<TPLT, 0> :front<TPLT>
	{
	};

	/*
		get_maxsize_type: 获取typelist中尺寸最大的类型
	*/

	template<typename TPLT>
	struct get_maxsize_type
	{
	private:
		using FirstElem = typename front<TPLT>::type;
		using RemainLT = typename pop_front<TPLT>::type;
		using RemainMaxElem = typename get_maxsize_type<RemainLT>::type;
	public:
		using type = conditional_t < (sizeof(FirstElem) > sizeof(RemainMaxElem)),
			FirstElem, RemainMaxElem >;
	};

	template<typename Elem>
	struct get_maxsize_type<typelist<Elem>>
	{
		using type = Elem;
	};

	template<>
	struct get_maxsize_type<typelist<>>;


	/*
		reverse: 翻转typelist
	*/
	/*
	
	// 版本一

	template<typename TPLT>
	struct reverse
	{
	private:
		using FirstElem = typename front<TPLT>::type;
		using RemainTL = typename pop_front<TPLT>::type;
		using ReversedRemainTL = typename reverse<RemainTL>::type;
	public:
		using type = typename push_back<ReversedRemainTL, FirstElem>::type;
	};


	template<>
	struct reverse<typelist<>>
	{
		using type = typelist<>;
	};
	*/

	template<typename TPLT, bool = is_empty<TPLT>::value>
	struct reverse;

	template<typename TPLT>
	struct reverse<TPLT, false>
	{
	private:
		using FirstElem = typename front<TPLT>::type;
		using RemainTL = typename pop_front<TPLT>::type;
		using ReversedRemainTL = typename reverse<RemainTL>::type;
	public:
		using type = typename push_back<ReversedRemainTL, FirstElem>::type;
	};

	template<typename TPLT>
	struct reverse<TPLT, true>
	{
		using type = typelist<>;
	};

	// 根据谓词过滤元素，谓词应该是一个类模板，接受一个类型参数，并且具有静态bool变量，false表示过滤掉该类型
	template<typename TPLT, template<typename>typename Pre>
	struct filter;

	template<typename FirstElem, typename... OtherElems, template<typename>typename Pre>
	struct filter<typelist<FirstElem, OtherElems...>, Pre>
	{
	private:
		using RemainFilteredTL = typename filter<typelist<OtherElems...>, Pre>::type;
	public:
		using type = std::conditional_t< Pre<FirstElem>::value,
			typename push_front<RemainFilteredTL, FirstElem>::type,
			RemainFilteredTL >;
	};

	template<template<typename>typename Pre>
	struct filter<typelist<>, Pre>
	{
		using type = typelist<>;
	};
}

class A {};


// 测试使用的类模板，用以剔除某个指定的类型
template<typename InputType, typename FilterType = double>
struct test_filter
{
	static constexpr bool value = !is_same_v<InputType, FilterType>;  //如果类型是int,就输出false,int不通过
};

int main()
{
	using TPL_1 = myTypeList::typelist<char, short, char, int, double, int, long, A, double>;
	using TPL_2 = myTypeList::typelist<>;

	cout << "----------------------------------" << endl;
	cout << "TPLT_1 为：" << TypeGetter<TPL_1>::name << endl;
	cout << "TPLT_2 为：" << TypeGetter<TPL_2>::name << endl;
	cout << "----------------------------------" << endl;

	cout << "TPL_1 的第一个类型为" << TypeGetter< myTypeList::front<TPL_1>::type >::name << endl;
	//cout << "TPL_2 的第一个类型为" << TypeGetter< myTypeList::front<TPL_2>::type >::name << endl;

	cout << "TPL_1 的size为：" << myTypeList::size<TPL_1>::value << endl;
	cout << "TPL_2 的size为：" << myTypeList::size<TPL_2>::value << endl;

	cout << "TPL_1 的pop_front为：" << TypeGetter< myTypeList::pop_front< TPL_1 >::type >::name << endl;
	//cout << "TPL_2 的pop_front为：" << TypeGetter< myTypeList::pop_front< TPL_2 >::type >::name << endl;

	cout << "TPL_1 push_front bool 为：" << TypeGetter< myTypeList::push_front<TPL_1, bool>::type>::name << endl;
	cout << "TPL_2 push_front bool 为：" << TypeGetter< myTypeList::push_front<TPL_2, bool>::type>::name << endl;

	cout << "TPL_1 push_back bool 为：" << TypeGetter< myTypeList::push_back<TPL_1, bool>::type>::name << endl;
	cout << "TPL_2 push_back bool 为：" << TypeGetter< myTypeList::push_back<TPL_2, bool>::type>::name << endl;

	cout << "TPL_1 replace_front with char 为：" << TypeGetter < myTypeList::replace_front< TPL_1, char >::type>::name << endl;

	cout << "TPL_1 index 2 type 为：" << TypeGetter< myTypeList::find<TPL_1, 2>::type > ::name << endl;

	cout << "TPL_1 max size type 为：" << TypeGetter<myTypeList::get_maxsize_type<TPL_1>::type>::name << endl;

	cout << "TPL_1         为：" << TypeGetter<TPL_1>::name << endl;
	cout << "TPL_1 reverse 为：" << TypeGetter<myTypeList::reverse<TPL_1>::type>::name << endl;

	cout << "TPL_1 经过int_filter过滤为：" << TypeGetter<myTypeList::filter<TPL_1, test_filter>::type>::name << endl;
	cout << "TPL_2 经过int_filter过滤为：" << TypeGetter<myTypeList::filter<TPL_2, test_filter>::type>::name << endl;
	return 0;
}

typegetter.hpp的代码如下所示：

#pragma once

#include <string>
#include "boost/type_index.hpp"


template<typename T>
class TypeGetter
{
public:
	static inline const std::string name = boost::typeindex::type_id_with_cvr<T>().pretty_name();
};

运行结果如下：