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在Java使用rest Client操作ES

news 来源：原创 2025/5/9 5:16:02

1. 导入restClient依赖

  <dependency><groupId>org.elasticsearch.client</groupId><artifactId>elasticsearch-rest-high-level-client</artifactId><version>7.12.1</version></dependency>

2. 了解ES核心客户端API

核心区别对比

特性	RestHighLevelClient	RestClient
定位	高级客户端（封装常用操作，推荐使用）	底层HTTP客户端（更灵活，更复杂）
API风格	面向对象（如 `IndexRequest`, `SearchRequest`）	基于HTTP请求构建（如 `Request`, `Response`）
维护状态	官方已停止维护（ES 7.15+）	仍维护（但推荐迁移到新客户端）
依赖关系	基于 `RestClient` 实现	是 `RestHighLevelClient` 的底层依赖
适用场景	快速开发标准功能	需要自定义请求或访问未封装API

3. 将RestHighLevelClient注册成Bean

package com.example.demo.config;import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestClient;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestHighLevelClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration
public class ElasticSearchConfig {public static final String HOST = "127.0.0.1"; // es地址public static final int PORT = 9200; // es端口/*** 创建RestClient对象* @return*/@Beanpublic RestHighLevelClient restClient() {return new RestHighLevelClient(RestClient.builder(new HttpHost(HOST, PORT)));}
}

4. 通过RestHighLevelClient 创建索引库并映射字段信息

创建包和类用于保存索引结构：constants.HotelConstants

package com.example.demo.constants;public class HotelConstants {public static final String MAPPER_TEMPLATE_USER = "{\n" +"  \"mappings\": {\n" +"    \"properties\": {\n" +"      \"id\": {\n" +"        \"type\": \"keyword\",  \n" +"        \"doc_values\": true  \n" +"      },\n" +"      \"username\": {\n" +"        \"type\": \"text\",     \n" +"        \"analyzer\": \"ik_max_word\", \n" +"        \"fields\": {\n" +"          \"keyword\": {\n" +"            \"type\": \"keyword\"  \n" +"          }\n" +"        },\n" +"        \"copy_to\": \"combined_search\"  \n" +"      },\n" +"      \"password\": {\n" +"        \"type\": \"keyword\",  \n" +"        \"index\": false      \n" +"      },\n" +"      \"phone\": {\n" +"        \"type\": \"keyword\",  \n" +"        \"ignore_above\": 20  \n" +"      },\n" +"      \"create_time\": {\n" +"        \"type\": \"date\",\n" +"        \"format\": \"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss||epoch_millis\"  \n" +"      },\n" +"      \"update_time\": {\n" +"        \"type\": \"date\",\n" +"        \"format\": \"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss||epoch_millis\"\n" +"      },\n" +"      \"status\": {\n" +"        \"type\": \"integer\", \n" +"        \"null_value\": 1     \n" +"      },\n" +"      \"balance\": {\n" +"        \"type\": \"integer\",  \n" +"        \"null_value\": 0     \n" +"      },\n" +"      \"combined_search\": {  \n" +"        \"type\": \"text\",\n" +"        \"analyzer\": \"ik_smart\"\n" +"      }\n" +"    }\n" +"  },\n" +"  \"settings\": {\n" +"    \"number_of_shards\": 3,    \n" +"    \"number_of_replicas\": 1,  \n" +"    \"analysis\": {             \n" +"      \"analyzer\": {\n" +"        \"ik_smart\": {         \n" +"          \"type\": \"custom\",\n" +"          \"tokenizer\": \"ik_max_word\"\n" +"        }\n" +"      }\n" +"    }\n" +"  }\n" +"}";
}

 /*** 创建索引库*/@Testpublic void createIndex() throws IOException {// 创建请求，指定索引库名称CreateIndexRequest request = new CreateIndexRequest("user");//执行与数据库相对于的映射JSONCreateIndexRequest source = request.source(HotelConstants.MAPPER_TEMPLATE_USER, XContentType.JSON);// 发送请求//RequestOptions.DEFAULT：默认请求client.indices().create(source, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);}

执行前先确定是否删除user索引库，客户端查询一下如果为空就是删除了