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Dubbo 框架内置的并发控制策略

news 来源：原创 2025/6/20 6:02:15

Dubbo 框架内置的并发控制策略

简介

Dubbo 通过 Filter 拦截器机制，内置了并发控制策略实现。限制从同一客户端到同一服务的并发请求数，防止恶意请求使服务器过载，确保服务的稳定性，并防止使用过多资源。

  • 控制某些服务的最大并发请求数，确保其他服务的资源可用性。系统过载和确保系统稳定性。
  • 允许在需求增加时更平滑地扩展服务。
  • 确保服务在高峰使用时间保持可靠和稳定。

注意
这种方式要求用户准确的预先评估系统能处理的并发数，而准确的评估系统处理能力并不是一件容易的事情，因此 Dubbo 还提供了自适应限流模式，根据系统负载自动识别系统健康程度并进行限流保护，可以在此查看 自适应限流模式使用文档。

限流策略配置

限制服务器端并发执行数(服务粒度)
@DubboService(executes = 2)
public class DemoService2Impl implements DemoService2 {}
限制服务器端并发执行数(方法粒度)
@DubboService(methods = {@Method(name = "sayHello", executes = 2)})
public class DemoService2Impl implements DemoService2 {}

错误提示

{
    "message": "Failed to invoke method sayHello in provider tri://169.254.90.232:50051/com.doudou.demo.api.DemoService2?anyhost=true&application=ServiceApplication01&background=false&bind.ip=169.254.90.232&bind.port=50051&deprecated=false&dubbo=2.0.2&dynamic=true&executor-management-mode=isolation&file-cache=true&generic=false&interface=com.doudou.demo.api.DemoService2&logger=slf4j&methods=sayHello,sayHello2&pid=46271&prefer.serialization=hessian2,fastjson2&qos.port=22224&release=3.3.0&sayHello.executes=2&sayHello.return=true&sayHello.sent=true&service-name-mapping=true&side=provider&timestamp=1743334632734, cause: The service using threads greater than <dubbo:service executes=\"2\" /> limited.", 
    "status": "503"
}
限制消费端并发调用数(服务粒度)
@DubboReference(actives = 4)
private DemoService2 demoService;

错误提示

org.apache.dubbo.rpc.RpcException: Waiting concurrent invoke timeout in client-side for service:  com.doudou.demo.api.DemoService2, method: sayHello2, elapsed: 543, timeout: 0. concurrent invokes: 0. max concurrent invoke limit: 4
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.filter.ActiveLimitFilter.invoke(ActiveLimitFilter.java:76) ~[dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.filter.FilterChainBuilder$CopyOfFilterChainNode.invoke(FilterChainBuilder.java:349) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.filter.FilterChainBuilder$CallbackRegistrationInvoker.invoke(FilterChainBuilder.java:197) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.protocol.ReferenceCountInvokerWrapper.invoke(ReferenceCountInvokerWrapper.java:106) ~[dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.registry.client.ServiceDiscoveryRegistryDirectory$InstanceWrappedInvoker.invoke(ServiceDiscoveryRegistryDirectory.java:800) ~[dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.support.AbstractClusterInvoker.invokeWithContext(AbstractClusterInvoker.java:412) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.support.FailoverClusterInvoker.doInvoke(FailoverClusterInvoker.java:82) ~[dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.support.AbstractClusterInvoker.invoke(AbstractClusterInvoker.java:366) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.router.RouterSnapshotFilter.invoke(RouterSnapshotFilter.java:46) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.filter.FilterChainBuilder$CopyOfFilterChainNode.invoke(FilterChainBuilder.java:349) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.monitor.support.MonitorFilter.invoke(MonitorFilter.java:109) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.filter.FilterChainBuilder$CopyOfFilterChainNode.invoke(FilterChainBuilder.java:349) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.filter.support.MetricsClusterFilter.invoke(MetricsClusterFilter.java:57) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.filter.FilterChainBuilder$CopyOfFilterChainNode.invoke(FilterChainBuilder.java:349) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.protocol.dubbo.filter.FutureFilter.invoke(FutureFilter.java:53) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.filter.FilterChainBuilder$CopyOfFilterChainNode.invoke(FilterChainBuilder.java:349) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.spring.security.filter.ContextHolderParametersSelectedTransferFilter.invoke(ContextHolderParametersSelectedTransferFilter.java:40) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.filter.FilterChainBuilder$CopyOfFilterChainNode.invoke(FilterChainBuilder.java:349) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.metrics.filter.MetricsFilter.invoke(MetricsFilter.java:86) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.filter.support.MetricsConsumerFilter.invoke(MetricsConsumerFilter.java:38) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.filter.FilterChainBuilder$CopyOfFilterChainNode.invoke(FilterChainBuilder.java:349) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.filter.support.ConsumerClassLoaderFilter.invoke(ConsumerClassLoaderFilter.java:40) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.filter.FilterChainBuilder$CopyOfFilterChainNode.invoke(FilterChainBuilder.java:349) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.filter.support.ConsumerContextFilter.invoke(ConsumerContextFilter.java:119) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.filter.FilterChainBuilder$CopyOfFilterChainNode.invoke(FilterChainBuilder.java:349) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.filter.FilterChainBuilder$CallbackRegistrationInvoker.invoke(FilterChainBuilder.java:197) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.support.wrapper.AbstractCluster$ClusterFilterInvoker.invoke(AbstractCluster.java:101) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.support.wrapper.MockClusterInvoker.invoke(MockClusterInvoker.java:107) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.support.wrapper.ScopeClusterInvoker.invoke(ScopeClusterInvoker.java:171) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.registry.client.migration.MigrationInvoker.invoke(MigrationInvoker.java:294) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.proxy.InvocationUtil.invoke(InvocationUtil.java:64) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.proxy.InvokerInvocationHandler.invoke(InvokerInvocationHandler.java:81) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at com.doudou.demo.api.DemoService2DubboProxy0.sayHello2(DemoService2DubboProxy0.java) [classes/:na]
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_202]
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[na:1.8.0_202]
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.8.0_202]
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) ~[na:1.8.0_202]
	at org.apache.dubbo.config.spring.util.LazyTargetInvocationHandler.invoke(LazyTargetInvocationHandler.java:54) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at com.doudou.demo.api.DemoService2DubboProxy0.sayHello2(DemoService2DubboProxy0.java) [classes/:na]
	at com.doudou.demo.consumer.Task01.lambda$run$1(Task01.java:41) [classes/:na]
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149) ~[na:1.8.0_202]
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624) ~[na:1.8.0_202]
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748) ~[na:1.8.0_202]
限制消费端并发调用数(方法粒度)
@DubboReference(methods = {@Method(name = "sayHello", actives = 2)})
private DemoService2 demoService;

错误提示

org.apache.dubbo.rpc.RpcException: Waiting concurrent invoke timeout in client-side for service:  com.doudou.demo.api.DemoService2, method: sayHello, elapsed: 543, timeout: 0. concurrent invokes: 0. max concurrent invoke limit: 2
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.filter.ActiveLimitFilter.invoke(ActiveLimitFilter.java:76) ~[dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.filter.FilterChainBuilder$CopyOfFilterChainNode.invoke(FilterChainBuilder.java:349) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.filter.FilterChainBuilder$CallbackRegistrationInvoker.invoke(FilterChainBuilder.java:197) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.protocol.ReferenceCountInvokerWrapper.invoke(ReferenceCountInvokerWrapper.java:106) ~[dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.registry.client.ServiceDiscoveryRegistryDirectory$InstanceWrappedInvoker.invoke(ServiceDiscoveryRegistryDirectory.java:800) ~[dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.support.AbstractClusterInvoker.invokeWithContext(AbstractClusterInvoker.java:412) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.support.FailoverClusterInvoker.doInvoke(FailoverClusterInvoker.java:82) ~[dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.support.AbstractClusterInvoker.invoke(AbstractClusterInvoker.java:366) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.router.RouterSnapshotFilter.invoke(RouterSnapshotFilter.java:46) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.filter.FilterChainBuilder$CopyOfFilterChainNode.invoke(FilterChainBuilder.java:349) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.monitor.support.MonitorFilter.invoke(MonitorFilter.java:109) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.filter.FilterChainBuilder$CopyOfFilterChainNode.invoke(FilterChainBuilder.java:349) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.filter.support.MetricsClusterFilter.invoke(MetricsClusterFilter.java:57) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.filter.FilterChainBuilder$CopyOfFilterChainNode.invoke(FilterChainBuilder.java:349) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.protocol.dubbo.filter.FutureFilter.invoke(FutureFilter.java:53) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.filter.FilterChainBuilder$CopyOfFilterChainNode.invoke(FilterChainBuilder.java:349) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.spring.security.filter.ContextHolderParametersSelectedTransferFilter.invoke(ContextHolderParametersSelectedTransferFilter.java:40) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.filter.FilterChainBuilder$CopyOfFilterChainNode.invoke(FilterChainBuilder.java:349) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.metrics.filter.MetricsFilter.invoke(MetricsFilter.java:86) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.filter.support.MetricsConsumerFilter.invoke(MetricsConsumerFilter.java:38) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.filter.FilterChainBuilder$CopyOfFilterChainNode.invoke(FilterChainBuilder.java:349) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.filter.support.ConsumerClassLoaderFilter.invoke(ConsumerClassLoaderFilter.java:40) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.filter.FilterChainBuilder$CopyOfFilterChainNode.invoke(FilterChainBuilder.java:349) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.filter.support.ConsumerContextFilter.invoke(ConsumerContextFilter.java:119) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.filter.FilterChainBuilder$CopyOfFilterChainNode.invoke(FilterChainBuilder.java:349) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.filter.FilterChainBuilder$CallbackRegistrationInvoker.invoke(FilterChainBuilder.java:197) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.support.wrapper.AbstractCluster$ClusterFilterInvoker.invoke(AbstractCluster.java:101) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.support.wrapper.MockClusterInvoker.invoke(MockClusterInvoker.java:107) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.cluster.support.wrapper.ScopeClusterInvoker.invoke(ScopeClusterInvoker.java:171) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.registry.client.migration.MigrationInvoker.invoke(MigrationInvoker.java:294) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.proxy.InvocationUtil.invoke(InvocationUtil.java:64) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at org.apache.dubbo.rpc.proxy.InvokerInvocationHandler.invoke(InvokerInvocationHandler.java:81) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at com.doudou.demo.api.DemoService2DubboProxy0.sayHello(DemoService2DubboProxy0.java) [classes/:na]
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_202]
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[na:1.8.0_202]
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.8.0_202]
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) ~[na:1.8.0_202]
	at org.apache.dubbo.config.spring.util.LazyTargetInvocationHandler.invoke(LazyTargetInvocationHandler.java:54) [dubbo-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
	at com.doudou.demo.api.DemoService2DubboProxy0.sayHello(DemoService2DubboProxy0.java) [classes/:na]
	at com.doudou.demo.consumer.Task01.lambda$run$0(Task01.java:34) [classes/:na]
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149) ~[na:1.8.0_202]
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624) ~[na:1.8.0_202]
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748) ~[na:1.8.0_202]

如果提供端 @DubboService 和消费端 @DubboReference 都配了 actives，则消费端配置值优先级更高

最小并发数负载均衡

配置服务的客户端的 loadbalance 属性为 leastactive，此 Loadbalance 会调用并发数最小的 Provider（Consumer端并发数）。

@DubboService(loadbalance = "leastactive")
public class DemoService2Impl implements DemoService2 {}

@DubboReference(loadbalance = "leastactive")
private DemoService2 demoService;

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