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一、粒子系统基础架构

1.1 粒子数据结构设计

class Particle {constructor(x, y) {this.pos = { x, y };this.vel = { x: Math.random()*4 - 2, y: Math.random()*4 - 2 };this.acc = { x: 0, y: 0.1 };this.size = Math.random()*8 + 2;this.life = 200;}update() {this.vel.x += this.acc.x;this.vel.y += this.acc.y;this.pos.x += this.vel.x;this.pos.y += this.vel.y;this.life--;}
}

1.2 粒子系统管理器

class ParticleSystem {constructor() {this.particles = [];this.emitRate = 5;this.gravity = 0.1;}emit(x, y) {for(let i=0; i<this.emitRate; i++) {this.particles.push(new Particle(x, y));}}update() {this.particles = this.particles.filter(p => p.life > 0);this.particles.forEach(p => p.update());}
}

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二、基础粒子效果实现

2.1 重力场模拟

// 初始化时设置重力
class GravityParticle extends Particle {constructor(x, y) {super(x, y);this.acc.y = 0.3; // 增强重力效果}
}// 鼠标点击触发粒子发射
canvas.addEventListener('click', (e) => {const rect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();const x = e.clientX - rect.left;const y = e.clientY - rect.top;particleSystem.emit(x, y);
});

2.2 弹性碰撞效果

class BounceParticle extends Particle {update() {super.update();// 水平边界碰撞if(this.pos.x < 0 || this.pos.x > canvas.width) {this.vel.x *= -0.8;this.pos.x = Math.max(0, Math.min(this.pos.x, canvas.width));}// 垂直边界碰撞if(this.pos.y < 0 || this.pos.y > canvas.height) {this.vel.y *= -0.8;this.pos.y = Math.max(0, Math.min(this.pos.y, canvas.height));}}
}

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三、高级交互实现

3.1 鼠标吸引效果

class AttractorParticle extends Particle {constructor(x, y) {super(x, y);this.attraction = 0.02;}update(mousePos) {super.update();const dx = mousePos.x - this.pos.x;const dy = mousePos.y - this.pos.y;const distance = Math.sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy);if(distance < 200) {const force = (200 - distance) * this.attraction;this.vel.x += (dx/distance) * force;this.vel.y += (dy/distance) * force;}}
}

3.2 颜色渐变粒子

class GradientParticle extends Particle {constructor(x, y) {super(x, y);this.colorStart = `hsl(${Math.random()*360}, 80%, 60%)`;this.colorEnd = `hsl(${Math.random()*360}, 80%, 30%)`;}draw(ctx) {const gradient = ctx.createRadialGradient(this.pos.x, this.pos.y, 0, this.pos.x, this.pos.y, this.size);gradient.addColorStop(0, this.colorStart);gradient.addColorStop(1, this.colorEnd);ctx.beginPath();ctx.arc(this.pos.x, this.pos.y, this.size, 0, Math.PI*2);ctx.fillStyle = gradient;ctx.fill();}
}

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四、性能优化策略

4.1 粒子池复用

class PooledParticleSystem extends ParticleSystem {constructor() {super();this.pool = [];}emit(x, y) {for(let i=0; i<this.emitRate; i++) {const particle = this.pool.length ? this.pool.pop() : new Particle(x, y);particle.reset(x, y);this.particles.push(particle);}}remove(particle) {this.pool.push(particle);}
}

4.2 分层渲染

function render() {ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);// 背景层（透明粒子）backgroundParticles.forEach(p => p.draw(ctx));// 交互层（高亮粒子）interactiveParticles.forEach(p => p.draw(ctx));requestAnimationFrame(render);
}

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五、复杂效果实现

5.1 烟花爆炸效果

class FireworkParticle extends Particle {constructor(x, y) {super(x, y);this.vel.y = -Math.random()*6 - 8;this.acc.y = 0.05;this.size = Math.random()*15 + 5;}draw(ctx) {ctx.beginPath();ctx.arc(this.pos.x, this.pos.y, this.size, 0, Math.PI*2);ctx.fillStyle = `hsl(${Math.random()*360}, 80%, 60%)`;ctx.fill();}
}

5.2 流体模拟

class FluidParticle extends Particle {constructor(x, y) {super(x, y);this.density = Math.random()*50 + 10;}update() {super.update();this.vel.x *= 0.95;this.vel.y *= 0.95;}draw(ctx) {ctx.beginPath();ctx.arc(this.pos.x, this.pos.y, this.size, 0, Math.PI*2);ctx.fillStyle = `rgba(0, 255, 255, ${this.density/100})`;ctx.fill();}
}

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