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WPF 数字孪生系统实现示例

数字孪生(Digital Twin)是通过数字化手段在虚拟空间中构建物理实体的精确数字模型，并实现虚实映射、实时交互和智能决策的技术。本文将展示如何使用WPF实现一个基础的数字孪生系统示例。

一、系统架构设计

1. 整体架构

+-------------------+
|     用户界面       |  <-- WPF前端
+-------------------+|v
+-------------------+
|  业务逻辑层       |  <-- 数字孪生核心逻辑
+-------------------+|v
+-------------------+
|  数据访问层       |  <-- 物理实体数据源
+-------------------+|v
+-------------------+
|  物理实体(真实世界)|
+-------------------+

2. 技术选型

• ​​前端​​：WPF (Windows Presentation Foundation)
• ​​数据通信​​：MQTT/HTTP/WebSocket
• ​​3D可视化​​：Helix Toolkit (WPF 3D图形库)
• ​​数据存储​​：SQLite/SQL Server
• ​​实时通信​​：SignalR

二、核心功能模块

1. 数字孪生模型

// DigitalTwinModel.cs
public class DigitalTwinModel
{public string Id { get; set; }public string Name { get; set; }public string Type { get; set; } // 设备类型public Dictionary<string, object> Properties { get; set; } = new();public List<Sensor> Sensors { get; set; } = new();public List<Actuator> Actuators { get; set; } = new();public DateTime LastUpdateTime { get; set; }
}public class Sensor
{public string Id { get; set; }public string Name { get; set; }public string DataType { get; set; } // 温度、湿度等public object CurrentValue { get; set; }public double MinValue { get; set; }public double MaxValue { get; set; }
}public class Actuator
{public string Id { get; set; }public string Name { get; set; }public string ControlType { get; set; } // 开关、调节等public object TargetValue { get; set; }public object CurrentValue { get; set; }
}

2. 数据采集模块

// DataCollector.cs
public class DataCollector : IDisposable
{private readonly Timer _timer;private readonly IDigitalTwinRepository _repository;public event EventHandler<DigitalTwinDataChangedEventArgs> DataChanged;public DataCollector(IDigitalTwinRepository repository){_repository = repository;_timer = new Timer(1000); // 1秒采集一次_timer.Elapsed += OnTimerElapsed;}public void Start(){_timer.Start();}public void Stop(){_timer.Stop();}private void OnTimerElapsed(object sender, ElapsedEventArgs e){try{var twins = _repository.GetAllDigitalTwins();foreach (var twin in twins){// 模拟数据采集var newData = SimulateDataCollection(twin);// 更新孪生数据twin.Properties = newData.Properties;twin.Sensors = newData.Sensors;twin.LastUpdateTime = DateTime.Now;// 保存到数据库_repository.UpdateDigitalTwin(twin);// 触发事件DataChanged?.Invoke(this, new DigitalTwinDataChangedEventArgs(twin));}}catch (Exception ex){// 错误处理LogError(ex);}}private DigitalTwinModel SimulateDataCollection(DigitalTwinModel twin){// 这里模拟数据采集过程// 实际项目中应替换为真实的PLC/传感器数据采集代码var newData = twin.Clone();foreach (var sensor in newData.Sensors){// 模拟传感器数据变化if (sensor.DataType == "Temperature"){sensor.CurrentValue = Math.Round(20 + new Random().NextDouble() * 10, 1);}else if (sensor.DataType == "Humidity"){sensor.CurrentValue = Math.Round(40 + new Random().NextDouble() * 40, 1);