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服务的调用我也测试了网络搜索的很多方法，均未奏效，后来还是通过对官网例子的研究，找到了解决方案，调试的过程是非常痛苦的，最大的问题就是调用后没有任何反应，也不会给你任何的错误信息，这是最郁闷的
最终的解决方式是使用通用的动态图层来实现对geoserver发布的wms服务的调用，首先使用通用动态图层基类创建自定义子类，创建的代码来源于官网示例，直接上代码：
const CustomWMSLayer = BaseDynamicLayer.createSubclass({properties: {mapUrl: null,mapParameters: null},// Override the getImageUrl() method to generate URL// to an image for a given extent, width, and height.getImageUrl: function (extent, width, height){const urlVariables = this._prepareQuery(this.mapParameters, extent, width, height);const queryString = this._joinUrlVariables(urlVariables);return this.mapUrl + "?" + queryString;},// Prepare query parameters for the URL to an image to be generated_prepareQuery: function (queryParameters, extent, width, height) {const wkid = extent.spatialReference.isWebMercator ? 3857 : extent.spatialReference.wkid;const replacers = {width: width,height: height,wkid: wkid,xmin: extent.xmin,xmax: extent.xmax,ymin: extent.ymin,ymax: extent.ymax};const urlVariables = this._replace({}, queryParameters, replacers);return urlVariables;},// replace the url variables with the application provided values_replace: (urlVariables, queryParameters, replacers) => {Object.keys(queryParameters).forEach((key) => {urlVariables[key] = Object.keys(replacers).reduce((previous, replacerKey) => {return previous.replace("{" + replacerKey + "}", replacers[replacerKey]);}, queryParameters[key]);});return urlVariables;},// join the url parameters_joinUrlVariables: (urlVariables) => {return Object.keys(urlVariables).reduce((previous, key) => {return previous + (previous ? "&" : "") + key + "=" + urlVariables[key];}, "");}});const riverWmsLayer = new CustomWMSLayer({mapUrl: "http://IP:port/路径/wms",mapParameters: {SERVICE: "WMS",REQUEST: "GetMap",FORMAT: "image/png",TRANSPARENT: "TRUE",STYLES: "",VERSION: "1.3.0",LAYERS: "服务里图层名称",WIDTH: "{width}",HEIGHT: "{height}",CRS: "EPSG:{wkid}",BBOX: "{xmin},{ymin},{xmax},{ymax}",token: "token" //如果有就填入，没有就直接把token参数给删掉},//minScale: 20000,title: "地图上图层名字"});完美调用。
参考：
ArcGIS Maps SDK for JavaScript | Overview | ArcGIS Maps SDK for JavaScript 4.32 | Esri Developer