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Electron 开发：获取当前客户端 IP

一、背景与需求

1. 项目背景

客户端会自启动一个服务，Web/后端服务通过 IP + port 请求以操作客户端接口

2. 初始方案与问题

2.1. 初始方案：通过代码获取本机 IP

/*** 获取局域网 IP* @returns {string} 局域网 IP*/
export function getLocalIP(): string {const interfaces = os.networkInterfaces()for (const name of Object.keys(interfaces)) {for (const iface of interfaces[name] || []) {if (iface.family === 'IPv4' && !iface.internal) {log.info('获取局域网 IP：', iface.address)return iface.address}}}log.warn('无法获取局域网 IP，使用默认 IP: 127.0.0.1')return '127.0.0.1'
}

2.2. 遇到的问题

如果设备开启了代理，可能获取的是代理 IP，导致后端请求失败

二、解决方案设计

1. 总体思路

• 获取本机所有 IP
• 遍历 IP + port 请求客户端服务接口
• 成功响应即为目标 IP
• 缓存有效 IP，避免频繁请求

2. 获取所有可能的 IP

使用 Node.js 的 os.networkInterfaces() 获取所有可用 IP

private getAllPossibleIPs(): string[] {const interfaces = os.networkInterfaces()const result: string[] = []for (const name of Object.keys(interfaces)) {const lowerName = name.toLowerCase()if (lowerName.includes('vmware')|| lowerName.includes('virtual')|| lowerName.includes('vpn')|| lowerName.includes('docker')|| lowerName.includes('vethernet')) {continue}for (const iface of interfaces[name] || []) {if (iface.family === 'IPv4' && !iface.internal) {result.push(iface.address)}}}return result
}

3. 遍历 IP 请求验证

轮询所有 IP，尝试访问客户端服务，验证是否可用

private async testIPsParallel(ips: string[]): Promise<string | null> {if (ips.length === 0)return nullreturn new Promise((resolve) => {const globalTimeout = setTimeout(() => {resolve(null)}, this.TIMEOUT * 1.5)const controllers = ips.map(() => new AbortController())let hasResolved = falselet completedCount = 0const testIP = (ip: string, index: number) => {const controller = controllers[index]axios.get(`http://${ip}:${PORT}/api/task-server/ip`, {timeout: this.TIMEOUT,signal: controller.signal,}).then(() => {if (!hasResolved) {hasResolved = trueclearTimeout(globalTimeout)controllers.forEach((c, i) => {if (i !== index)c.abort()})resolve(ip)}}).catch(() => {if (!hasResolved) {completedCount++if (completedCount >= ips.length) {clearTimeout(globalTimeout)resolve(null)}}})}ips.forEach(testIP)})
}

4. 添加缓存策略

对成功的 IP 进行缓存，设定缓存有效时间，避免重复请求

private cachedValidIP: string | null = null
private lastValidationTime = 0
private readonly CACHE_VALID_DURATION = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000

三、完整代码

import os from 'node:os'
import axios from 'axios'
import { PORT } from '../../enum/env'/*** IP管理器单例类* 用于获取并缓存本地有效IP地址*/
export class IPManager {private static instance: IPManagerprivate cachedValidIP: string | null = nullprivate lastValidationTime = 0private readonly CACHE_VALID_DURATION = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000private readonly TIMEOUT = 200private isTestingIPs = falseprivate constructor() {}static getInstance(): IPManager {if (!IPManager.instance) {IPManager.instance = new IPManager()}return IPManager.instance}async getLocalIP(): Promise<string> {const now = Date.now()if (this.cachedValidIP && now - this.lastValidationTime < this.CACHE_VALID_DURATION) {console.log('从缓存中获取 IP', this.cachedValidIP)return this.cachedValidIP}if (this.isTestingIPs) {const allIPs = this.getAllPossibleIPs()return allIPs.length > 0 ? allIPs[0] : '127.0.0.1'}this.isTestingIPs = truetry {const allIPs = this.getAllPossibleIPs()if (allIPs.length === 0) {return '127.0.0.1'}const validIP = await this.testIPsParallel(allIPs)if (validIP) {this.cachedValidIP = validIPthis.lastValidationTime = nowreturn validIP}return allIPs[0]}catch (error) {const allIPs = this.getAllPossibleIPs()return allIPs.length > 0 ? allIPs[0] : '127.0.0.1'}finally {this.isTestingIPs = false}}private getAllPossibleIPs(): string[] {const interfaces = os.networkInterfaces()const result: string[] = []for (const name of Object.keys(interfaces)) {const lowerName = name.toLowerCase()if (lowerName.includes('vmware')|| lowerName.includes('virtual')|| lowerName.includes('vpn')|| lowerName.includes('docker')|| lowerName.includes('vethernet')) {continue}for (const iface of interfaces[name] || []) {if (iface.family === 'IPv4' && !iface.internal) {result.push(iface.address)}}}return result}private async testIPsParallel(ips: string[]): Promise<string | null> {if (ips.length === 0)return nullreturn new Promise((resolve) => {const globalTimeout = setTimeout(() => {resolve(null)}, this.TIMEOUT * 1.5)const controllers = ips.map(() => new AbortController())let hasResolved = falselet completedCount = 0const testIP = (ip: string, index: number) => {const controller = controllers[index]axios.get(`http://${ip}:${PORT}/api/task-server/ip`, {timeout: this.TIMEOUT,signal: controller.signal,// validateStatus: status => status === 200,}).then(() => {if (!hasResolved) {hasResolved = trueclearTimeout(globalTimeout)controllers.forEach((c, i) => {if (i !== index)c.abort()})resolve(ip)}}).catch(() => {if (!hasResolved) {completedCount++if (completedCount >= ips.length) {clearTimeout(globalTimeout)resolve(null)}}})}ips.forEach(testIP)})}
}/*** 获取本地有效IP地址*/
export async function getLocalIP(): Promise<string> {return IPManager.getInstance().getLocalIP()
}