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前言

DOTS（面向数据的技术堆栈）是一套由 Unity 提供支持的技术，用于提供高性能游戏开发解决方案，特别适合需要处理大量数据的游戏，例如大型开放世界游戏。
本文讲解我们的Mono代码部分，如何与Dots的System部分进行通讯。比如：交换数据，发送事件等。

• Unity 2022.3.52f1
• Entities 1.3.10

安装 DOTS 包

要安装 DOTS 包，请按照以下步骤操作：

（1）从菜单“窗口 → 包管理器”打开包管理器。
（2）搜索“ Entities” 并安装 Entities和Entities Graphics。
（3）搜索“ Universal RP” 并安装 Universal RP，并设置Graphics/Scriptable Render Pipeline Settings。

这会添加“实体”作为依赖项，并递归添加它所依赖的关联包（ Burst、Collections、Jobs、Mathematics等）。

Mono To Dots

如何从Mono发送控制指令，比如创建士兵的命令到Dots中，让Dots创建指定的实体呢？
我们需要使用到DynamicBuffer，一个Dots中的消息Buffer队列，我们在Mono中可以通过World.EntityManager，获取这个共享的消息队列，并往里面添加消息数据，Dots只需要在System下接受数据并解析即可。

public class GameManager : MonoBehaviour
{public static GameManager Instance { get; private set; }private EntityManager _entityManager;private Entity _commandEntity;private void Start(){Instance = this;_entityManager = World.DefaultGameObjectInjectionWorld.EntityManager;//创建一个专门用于存储游戏命令的"信箱实体"，相当于在 ECS 世界中创建了一个命令接收站_commandEntity = _entityManager.CreateEntity();// 为该实体附加一个可动态增长的缓冲区，用于存储多个 GameCommand 命令_entityManager.AddBuffer<GameCommand>(_commandEntity);}private void Update(){if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Alpha1))AddSpawnCommand(Faction.Red, SolderType.Melee);}void AddSpawnCommand(Faction faction, SolderType solder, int num = 1){DynamicBuffer<GameCommand> buffer = _entityManager.GetBuffer<GameCommand>(_commandEntity);// 解析网络数据为命令（示例）var command = new GameCommand{CMD = CommandType.SpawnUnit,Faction = faction,Solder = solder,Number = num};buffer.Add(command);}

//UnitSpanerSystem系统类
public partial struct UnitSpawnerSystem : ISystem
{[BurstCompile]public void OnCreate(ref SystemState state){state.RequireForUpdate<EndSimulationEntityCommandBufferSystem.Singleton>();state.RequireForUpdate<EntitiesReferences>();}[BurstCompile]public void OnUpdate(ref SystemState state){var ecbSingleton = SystemAPI.GetSingleton<EndSimulationEntityCommandBufferSystem.Singleton>();var ecb = ecbSingleton.CreateCommandBuffer(state.WorldUnmanaged).AsParallelWriter();var entitiesReferences = SystemAPI.GetSingleton<EntitiesReferences>();var job = new UnitSpawnerJob{EntitiesReferences = entitiesReferences,ECB = ecb};var jobHandle = job.ScheduleParallel(state.Dependency);jobHandle.Complete();}
}//UnitSpawnerJob类，用来实现多线程执行任务
[BurstCompile]
public partial struct UnitSpawnerJob : IJobEntity
{public EntityCommandBuffer.ParallelWriter ECB;public EntitiesReferences EntitiesReferences;public void Execute([EntityIndexInQuery] int index, ref DynamicBuffer<GameCommand> buffer){//buffer中会接收到来自Mono端的消息foreach (GameCommand cmd in buffer){ProcessCommand(index, cmd);}buffer.Clear();}//解析命令private void ProcessCommand(int index, GameCommand cmd){switch (cmd.CMD){case CommandType.SpawnUnit:var prefabEntity = GetPrefab(cmd);float3 startPosition = GetBornPos(cmd);float3 targetPosition = GetTargetPos(cmd);Entity zombieEntity = ECB.Instantiate(index, prefabEntity);ECB.SetComponent(index, zombieEntity, LocalTransform.FromPosition(startPosition));ECB.SetComponent(index, zombieEntity, new UnitMover{moveSpeed = 2,rotationSpeed = 2,targetPosition = targetPosition});break;case CommandType.DestroyUnit:break;case CommandType.ChangeTeam:break;default:throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();}}
}

Dots To Mono

从Dots把消息发送给Mono层，比如我们的Dots系统中，有士兵死亡，或者游戏的成功/失败，我们需要通知Mono层的主UI更新界面显示等。我们需要用到从Dots往Mono层发送事件。

新建一个数据结构，用来从Dots往Mono发送的消息结构体

public struct RcvData
{public Faction faction;public int type;public float value;public RcvData(Faction faction,int type,float value){this.faction = faction;this.type = type;this.value = value;}
}

新建一个全局的共性数据队列静态类Facade
它主要维护了一个NativeQueue 的共享队列

public static class Facade
{public static NativeQueue<RcvData> SharedQueue { get; } = new(Allocator.Persistent);public static void Cleanup(){if (SharedQueue.IsCreated){SharedQueue.Dispose();}}
}

比如我们的阵营有一个血量，血量 变化会通知Mono端的UGUI更新界面

public partial struct HealthSystem : ISystem
{private NativeQueue<RcvData>.ParallelWriter _writer;private EntityCommandBuffer.ParallelWriter _ecb;[BurstCompile]public void OnCreate(ref SystemState state){state.RequireForUpdate<EndSimulationEntityCommandBufferSystem.Singleton>();_writer = Facade.SharedQueue.AsParallelWriter();}[BurstCompile]public void OnUpdate(ref SystemState state){_ecb = SystemAPI.GetSingleton<EndSimulationEntityCommandBufferSystem.Singleton>().CreateCommandBuffer(state.WorldUnmanaged).AsParallelWriter();var job = new HealthJob{Writer = _writer,ECB = _ecb,};var jobHandle = job.ScheduleParallel(state.Dependency);jobHandle.Complete(); // 确保Job执行完成}
}[BurstCompile]
public partial struct HealthJob : IJobEntity
{public NativeQueue<RcvData>.ParallelWriter Writer;public EntityCommandBuffer.ParallelWriter ECB;public void Execute([EntityIndexInQuery] int index,ref Health health){float healthNormalized = health.healthAmount / (float)health.healthAmountMax;//发送数据到UI层Writer.Enqueue(new RcvData(health.faction, 1, healthNormalized));}
}

Mono端，我们如何接受这个数据呢？

	//Update 检测Dots事件private void Update(){QueryDotsEvent();}void QueryDotsEvent(){while (Facade.SharedQueue.TryDequeue(out RcvData value)){// 主线程安全读取switch (value.type){case 1:UIManager.Instance.SetHP(value.faction, value.value);break;case 2:Money += (int)value.value;UIManager.Instance.SetMoney(value.faction, Money);break;}}}//销毁时，注意释放共享队列private void OnDestroy(){Facade.Cleanup();}

好了，这样我们就实现了Mono和Dots的双向数据通讯
应该还有别的更好的方法，欢迎大家的留言交流