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问题

通过SSH登录Linux服务器时，.bashrc中的环境没有自动加载，原因是Linux服务器缺失.profile文件，从而不会自动加载.bashrc文件，下文以Ubuntu系统为例介绍解决方案。

原因分析

通过SSH登录Linux服务器时，会自动加载.profile文件，但不会自动加载.bashrc文件。
一般.profile文件会自动加载.bashrc文件，因此正常状态下，通过SSH登录Linux服务器时也会自动加载.bashrc文件。
若服务器的.profile文件缺失或其中没有自动加载.bashrc文件，则SSH登录Linux服务器时不会自动加载.bashrc文件。

解决方案

检查用户目录中是否存在.profile文件：

# 移动到用户目录
cd ~
cd /home/[user]
# 列出全部文件，包含隐藏文件
ll
ls -alF

若其中有.bashrc文件，但没有.profile文件，则需要恢复.profile文件，从模板位置复制即可：

# 模板位置
/etc/skel
# profile模板
/etc/skel/.profile
# 从模板位置复制到用户目录
cp /etc/skel/.profile ~/
# 加载profile
source ~/.profile

若其中有.bashrc和.profile文件，则.profile文件中的内容可能有错误，需要修复，可添加以下内容用于自动加载.bashrc文件：

if [ -n "$BASH_VERSION" ]; then# include .bashrc if it existsif [ -f "$HOME/.bashrc" ]; then. "$HOME/.bashrc"fi
fi

补充

以Ubuntu和Debian系统为例，此处补充bashrc、bash_logout、profile文件的模板位置和默认内容，若bashrc、bash_logout、profile文件缺失或异常，可将模板位置的模板文件复制到用户目录进行修复。

模板位置

# 模板位置
/etc/skel
# bashrc模板
/etc/skel/.bashrc
# bash_logout模板
/etc/skel/.bash_logout
# profile模板
/etc/skel/.profile
# 若用户目录的 .bashrc 丢失，可从模板位置复制到用户主目录
cp /etc/skel/.bashrc ~/
source ~/.bashrc

bashrc默认内容

# ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
# see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files (in the package bash-doc)
# for examples# If not running interactively, don't do anything
case $- in*i*) ;;*) return;;
esac# don't put duplicate lines or lines starting with space in the history.
# See bash(1) for more options
HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth# append to the history file, don't overwrite it
shopt -s histappend# for setting history length see HISTSIZE and HISTFILESIZE in bash(1)
HISTSIZE=1000
HISTFILESIZE=2000# check the window size after each command and, if necessary,
# update the values of LINES and COLUMNS.
shopt -s checkwinsize# If set, the pattern "**" used in a pathname expansion context will
# match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.
#shopt -s globstar# make less more friendly for non-text input files, see lesspipe(1)
[ -x /usr/bin/lesspipe ] && eval "$(SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe)"# set variable identifying the chroot you work in (used in the prompt below)
if [ -z "${debian_chroot:-}" ] && [ -r /etc/debian_chroot ]; thendebian_chroot=$(cat /etc/debian_chroot)
fi# set a fancy prompt (non-color, unless we know we "want" color)
case "$TERM" inxterm-color|*-256color) color_prompt=yes;;
esac# uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; turned
# off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window
# should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt
#force_color_prompt=yesif [ -n "$force_color_prompt" ]; thenif [ -x /usr/bin/tput ] && tput setaf 1 >&/dev/null; then# We have color support; assume it's compliant with Ecma-48# (ISO/IEC-6429). (Lack of such support is extremely rare, and such# a case would tend to support setf rather than setaf.)color_prompt=yeselsecolor_prompt=fi
fiif [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; thenPS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '
elsePS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
fi
unset color_prompt force_color_prompt# If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir
case "$TERM" in
xterm*|rxvt*)PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1";;
*);;
esac# enable color support of ls and also add handy aliases
if [ -x /usr/bin/dircolors ]; thentest -r ~/.dircolors && eval "$(dircolors -b ~/.dircolors)" || eval "$(dircolors -b)"alias ls='ls --color=auto'#alias dir='dir --color=auto'#alias vdir='vdir --color=auto'alias grep='grep --color=auto'alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
fi# colored GCC warnings and errors
#export GCC_COLORS='error=01;31:warning=01;35:note=01;36:caret=01;32:locus=01:quote=01'# some more ls aliases
alias ll='ls -alF'
alias la='ls -A'
alias l='ls -CF'# Add an "alert" alias for long running commands.  Use like so:
#   sleep 10; alert
alias alert='notify-send --urgency=low -i "$([ $? = 0 ] && echo terminal || echo error)" "$(history|tail -n1|sed -e '\''s/^\s*[0-9]\+\s*//;s/[;&|]\s*alert$//'\'')"'# Alias definitions.
# You may want to put all your additions into a separate file like
# ~/.bash_aliases, instead of adding them here directly.
# See /usr/share/doc/bash-doc/examples in the bash-doc package.if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then. ~/.bash_aliases
fi# enable programmable completion features (you don't need to enable
# this, if it's already enabled in /etc/bash.bashrc and /etc/profile
# sources /etc/bash.bashrc).
if ! shopt -oq posix; thenif [ -f /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then. /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completionelif [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then. /etc/bash_completionfi
fi

bash_logout默认内容

# ~/.bash_logout: executed by bash(1) when login shell exits.# when leaving the console clear the screen to increase privacyif [ "$SHLVL" = 1 ]; then[ -x /usr/bin/clear_console ] && /usr/bin/clear_console -q
fi

profile默认内容

# ~/.profile: executed by the command interpreter for login shells.
# This file is not read by bash(1), if ~/.bash_profile or ~/.bash_login
# exists.
# see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files for examples.
# the files are located in the bash-doc package.# the default umask is set in /etc/profile; for setting the umask
# for ssh logins, install and configure the libpam-umask package.
#umask 022# if running bash
if [ -n "$BASH_VERSION" ]; then# include .bashrc if it existsif [ -f "$HOME/.bashrc" ]; then. "$HOME/.bashrc"fi
fi# set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists
if [ -d "$HOME/bin" ] ; thenPATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH"
fi# set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists
if [ -d "$HOME/.local/bin" ] ; thenPATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH"
fi