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一、C/S模式核心原理
1.1 基本架构
C/S（Client/Server）模式采用客户端-服务器架构：
- 服务器端：持续运行，负责消息路由和广播
- 客户端：用户交互界面，连接服务器进行通信
- 通信协议：TCP（可靠连接）/UDP（无连接）
1.2 Java核心API
ServerSocket：服务器端监听端口Socket：客户端建立连接BufferedReader/PrintWriter：字符流操作
二、聊天室功能设计
2.1 功能需求
- 多客户端连接
- 实时消息广播
- 用户昵称管理
- 上下线通知
2.2 技术方案
| 模块 | 技术实现 |
|---|---|
| 网络通信 | TCP Socket |
| 并发处理 | 多线程 |
| 消息协议 | 自定义简单文本格式 |
| 用户管理 | 线程安全集合 |
三、服务器端实现
3.1 服务器主类
public class ChatServer {private static final int PORT = 8888;private static Set<ClientHandler> clients = new HashSet<>();public static void main(String[] args) {try (ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(PORT)) {System.out.println("服务器启动，监听端口：" + PORT);while (true) {Socket clientSocket = serverSocket.accept();ClientHandler client = new ClientHandler(clientSocket);clients.add(client);new Thread(client).start();}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}// 广播消息给所有客户端public static void broadcast(String message) {clients.removeIf(ClientHandler::isClosed);for (ClientHandler client : clients) {client.sendMessage(message);}}
}
3.2 客户端处理线程
class ClientHandler implements Runnable {private Socket socket;private PrintWriter out;private BufferedReader in;private String nickname;public ClientHandler(Socket socket) throws IOException {this.socket = socket;this.out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), true);this.in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));this.nickname = in.readLine(); // 读取昵称ChatServer.broadcast(nickname + " 进入了聊天室");}@Overridepublic void run() {try {String inputLine;while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {ChatServer.broadcast(nickname + ": " + inputLine);}} catch (IOException e) {System.out.println(nickname + " 异常断开连接");} finally {closeConnection();}}// 关闭连接private void closeConnection() {try {ChatServer.broadcast(nickname + " 离开了聊天室");socket.close();in.close();out.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}public void sendMessage(String message) {out.println(message);}public boolean isClosed() {return socket.isClosed();}
}
四、客户端实现
4.1 客户端主类
public class ChatClient {private static final String SERVER_IP = "127.0.0.1";private static final int SERVER_PORT = 8888;public static void main(String[] args) {try {Socket socket = new Socket(SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT);System.out.print("请输入昵称：");String nickname = new Scanner(System.in).nextLine();// 发送昵称PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), true);out.println(nickname);// 启动消息接收线程new Thread(new MessageReceiver(socket)).start();// 处理用户输入Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);while (true) {String message = scanner.nextLine();out.println(message);}} catch (IOException e) {System.out.println("无法连接到服务器");}}
}class MessageReceiver implements Runnable {private Socket socket;private BufferedReader in;public MessageReceiver(Socket socket) throws IOException {this.socket = socket;this.in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));}@Overridepublic void run() {try {String response;while ((response = in.readLine()) != null) {System.out.println(response);}} catch (IOException e) {System.out.println("与服务器断开连接");}}
}
五、运行测试
5.1 启动服务器
$ java ChatServer
服务器启动，监听端口：8888
5.2 启动多个客户端
客户端1：
请输入昵称：Alice
欢迎进入聊天室！
Alice: 大家好！
客户端2：
请输入昵称：Bob
Alice 进入了聊天室
Bob: 你好！