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Android 基于Fragment的权限封装

原理

业内普遍比较认可使用另外一种小技巧来进行实现。是什么小技巧呢？回想一下，之前所有申请运行时权限的操作都是在 Activity 中进行的，事实上，Android 在 Fragment 中也提供了一份相同的 API，使得我们在 Fragment 中也能申请运行时权限。

但不同的是，Fragment 并不像 Activity 那样必须有界面，我们完全可以向 Activity 中添加一个隐藏的 Fragment，然后在这个隐藏的 Fragment 中对运行时权限的 API 进行封装。这是一种非常轻量级的做法，不用担心隐藏 Fragment 会对 Activity 的性能造成什么影响。

代码

PermissionUtils.java

/*** 权限工具类*/
public class PermissionUtils {public static final int REQUEST_SETTING_CODE = 0X123456;/*** 权限是否授予*/public static boolean isGranted(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull String permission) {return ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, permission) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;}/*** 权限是否全部授予*/public static boolean isGrantedPermissions(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull ArrayList<String> permissionList) {for (String permission : permissionList) {if (!isGranted(context, permission)) {return false;}}return true;}/*** 权限是否拒绝且不再询问*/public static boolean isDeniedNever(@NonNull Activity activity, @NonNull String permission) {return !ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity, permission);}/*** 权限是否包含拒绝且不再询问*/public static boolean isDeniedNeverPermissions(@NonNull Activity activity, @NonNull ArrayList<String> permissions) {for (String permission : permissions) {if (isDeniedNever(activity, permission)) {return true;}}return false;}/*** 获取未授权权限*/public static ArrayList<String> getDeniedPermissions(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull ArrayList<String> permissionList) {ArrayList<String> deniedPermissionList = new ArrayList<>();for (String permission : permissionList) {if (!isGranted(context, permission)) {deniedPermissionList.add(permission);}}return deniedPermissionList;}/*** 获取包名Uri*/static Uri getPackageNameUri(@NonNull Context context) {return Uri.parse("package:" + context.getPackageName());}/*** 跳转设置界面*/public static void gotoSetting(@NonNull Activity activity) {Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);intent.setData(getPackageNameUri(activity));activity.startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_SETTING_CODE);}public static void gotoSetting(@NonNull Fragment fragment) {Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);intent.setData(getPackageNameUri(fragment.getContext()));fragment.startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_SETTING_CODE);}/*** 锁定屏幕方向*/public static void lockScreenOrientation(@NonNull Activity activity) {try {// 获取实际屏幕方向int screenOrientation = activity.getResources().getConfiguration().orientation;switch (screenOrientation) {case Configuration.ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE:activity.setRequestedOrientation(PermissionUtils.isActivityReverse(activity) ?ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_REVERSE_LANDSCAPE :ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE);break;case Configuration.ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT:activity.setRequestedOrientation(PermissionUtils.isActivityReverse(activity) ?ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_REVERSE_PORTRAIT :ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT);break;default:break;}} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}/*** Activity是否反方向旋转*/public static boolean isActivityReverse(@NonNull Activity activity) {int activityRotation;if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {activityRotation = activity.getDisplay().getRotation();} else {activityRotation = activity.getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getRotation();}switch (activityRotation) {case Surface.ROTATION_180:case Surface.ROTATION_270:return true;case Surface.ROTATION_0:case Surface.ROTATION_90:default:return false;}}
}

PermissionsFragment.java

/*** 权限请求Fragment*/
public class PermissionsFragment extends Fragment {public static final String REQUEST_CODE = "requestCode"; //请求码public static final String PARAM_PERMISSIONS = "permissionList";/*** 权限结果回调*/@Nullableprivate OnPermissionCallback mOnPermissionCallback;/*** 设置结果回调*/@Nullableprivate OnSettingsCallback mOnSettingsCallback;/*** 获取当前请求的屏幕方向*/private int mScreenOrientation;private PermissionHelper mHelper;private ArrayList<String> allPermissionList;private int mRequestCode;private static final ArrayList<Integer> requestCodeList = new ArrayList<>();public static void launch(@NonNull FragmentActivity activity, @NonNull ArrayList<String> permissionList, @NonNull PermissionHelper helper,@NonNull OnPermissionCallback onPermissionCallback, @Nullable OnSettingsCallback onSettingsCallback) {PermissionsFragment fragment = new PermissionsFragment();Bundle bundle = new Bundle();int requestCode = generateCode();bundle.putInt(REQUEST_CODE, requestCode);bundle.putStringArrayList(PARAM_PERMISSIONS, permissionList);fragment.setArguments(bundle);fragment.setRetainInstance(true);fragment.setCallback(onPermissionCallback, onSettingsCallback);fragment.setHelper(helper);fragment.attachActivity(activity);}private void setHelper(PermissionHelper helper) {mHelper = helper;}/*** 随机生成requestCode*/private static int generateCode() {int requestCode = new Random().nextInt(65536);while (requestCodeList.contains(requestCode)) {requestCode = new Random().nextInt(65536);}requestCodeList.add(requestCode);return requestCode;}/*** 绑定Activity*/private void attachActivity(@NonNull FragmentActivity activity) {activity.getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction().add(this, this.toString()).commitAllowingStateLoss();}/*** 解绑Activity*/private void detachActivity(@NonNull FragmentActivity activity) {activity.getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction().remove(this).commitAllowingStateLoss();}/*** 设置权限监听回调监听*/public void setCallback(@NonNull OnPermissionCallback onPermissionCallback, @Nullable OnSettingsCallback onSettingsCallback) {mOnPermissionCallback = onPermissionCallback;mOnSettingsCallback = onSettingsCallback;}@Overridepublic void onAttach(@NonNull Context context) {super.onAttach(context);FragmentActivity activity = getActivity();if (activity == null) {return;}Bundle bundle = getArguments();if (bundle != null) {ArrayList<String> permissionList = bundle.getStringArrayList(PARAM_PERMISSIONS);if (permissionList == null || permissionList.isEmpty()) {return;}mRequestCode = bundle.getInt(REQUEST_CODE);allPermissionList = permissionList;}// 获取请求的屏幕方向mScreenOrientation = activity.getRequestedOrientation();// 如果未指定屏幕方向，就锁定当前屏幕方向if (mScreenOrientation == ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_UNSPECIFIED) {PermissionUtils.lockScreenOrientation(activity);}}@Overridepublic void onDetach() {super.onDetach();FragmentActivity activity = getActivity();if (activity == null) {return;}// 如果当前屏幕方向是未指定，同时当前请求的屏幕方向是横屏或竖屏时，则屏幕方向切换为未指定方向模式if (mScreenOrientation == ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_UNSPECIFIED &&activity.getRequestedOrientation() != ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_UNSPECIFIED) {activity.setRequestedOrientation(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_UNSPECIFIED);}}@Overridepublic void onResume() {super.onResume();requestPermissions(allPermissionList.toArray(new String[allPermissionList.size() - 1]), mRequestCode);}@Overridepublic void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NotNull int[] grantResults) {super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);if (permissions.length == 0 || grantResults.length == 0) {return;}if (requestCode == mRequestCode) {FragmentActivity activity = getActivity();if (activity == null) {return;}ArrayList<String> grantedList = new ArrayList<>(); //已授予权限ArrayList<String> deniedList = new ArrayList<>(); //已拒绝权限for (int i = 0; i < grantResults.length; i++) {if (grantResults[i] != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {deniedList.add(permissions[i]);} else {grantedList.add(permissions[i]);}}requestCodeList.remove((Integer) mRequestCode);OnPermissionCallback onPermissionCallback = mOnPermissionCallback;mOnPermissionCallback = null;OnSettingsCallback onSettingsCallback = mOnSettingsCallback;mOnSettingsCallback = null;PermissionHelper helper = mHelper;mHelper = null;detachActivity(activity);boolean allGranted = grantedList.size() == permissions.length;if (allGranted) {onPermissionCallback.onGranted(true, grantedList);return;}boolean deniedNever = PermissionUtils.isDeniedNeverPermissions(activity, deniedList);onPermissionCallback.onDenied(deniedNever, deniedList);if (grantedList.size() > 0) {onPermissionCallback.onGranted(false, grantedList);}if (deniedNever) {helper.showPermissionSettingDialog(activity, deniedList, onSettingsCallback);} else if (deniedList.size() > 0) {helper.showPermissionInfoDialog(activity, deniedList, onPermissionCallback, onSettingsCallback);}}}@Overridepublic void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);}@Overridepublic void onDestroy() {super.onDestroy();mOnPermissionCallback = null;}
}

/*** 权限结果回调*/
public interface OnPermissionCallback {/*** 权限授予时回调** @param allGranted  是否全部被授予* @param permissions 已授予权限*/void onGranted(boolean allGranted, @NonNull ArrayList<String> permissions);/*** 权限拒绝时回调** @param deniedNever 是否拒绝且不再询问* @param permissions 被拒绝权限*/void onDenied(boolean deniedNever, @NonNull ArrayList<String> permissions);
}

public interface OnSettingsCallback {void onResult();
}

PermissionHelper.java

/*** 权限请求类*/
public class PermissionHelper {@Nullableprivate final FragmentActivity mActivity;@NonNullprivate final ArrayList<String> mPermissions = new ArrayList<>();private PermissionHelper(FragmentActivity activity) {mActivity = activity;}/*** 设置请求对象*/public static PermissionHelper with(FragmentActivity activity) {return new PermissionHelper(activity);}public static PermissionHelper with(Fragment fragment) {FragmentActivity activity = fragment.getActivity();return new PermissionHelper(activity);}public PermissionHelper permissions(@NonNull ArrayList<String> permissionList) {mPermissions.addAll(permissionList);return this;}/*** 请求权限*/public void request(@NonNull OnPermissionCallback onPermissionCallback) {request(onPermissionCallback, null);}public void request(@NonNull OnPermissionCallback onPermissionCallback, @Nullable OnSettingsCallback onSettingsCallback) {if (mActivity == null || mActivity.isFinishing() || mActivity.isDestroyed()) {return;}showPermissionInfoDialog(mActivity, mPermissions, onPermissionCallback, onSettingsCallback);}/*** 权限说明弹窗*/public void showPermissionInfoDialog(@NonNull FragmentActivity activity, @NonNull ArrayList<String> allPermissions, @NonNull OnPermissionCallback onPermissionCallback) {showPermissionInfoDialog(activity, allPermissions, onPermissionCallback, null);}public void showPermissionInfoDialog(FragmentActivity activity, @NonNull ArrayList<String> allPermissions, @NonNull OnPermissionCallback onPermissionCallback, @Nullable OnSettingsCallback onSettingsCallback) {if (activity == null || activity.isFinishing() || activity.isDestroyed()) {return;}ArrayList<String> permissionList = PermissionUtils.getDeniedPermissions(activity, allPermissions);String title = "权限说明";String message = "使用此功能需要先授予：" + listToString(getPermissionNames(permissionList));new AlertDialog.Builder(activity).setTitle(title).setMessage(message).setCancelable(false).setPositiveButton("授予", (dialog, which) -> {dialog.dismiss();PermissionsFragment.launch(activity, permissionList, this, onPermissionCallback, onSettingsCallback);}).setNegativeButton("取消", (dialog, which) -> {}).show();}/*** 获取权限名*/public static ArrayList<String> getPermissionNames(ArrayList<String> permissions) {ArrayList<String> permissionNames = new ArrayList<>();for (String permission : permissions) {switch (permission) {case Manifest.permission.CAMERA:permissionNames.add("相机权限");break;case Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION:permissionNames.add("定位权限");break;case Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE:permissionNames.add("拨号权限");break;default:break;}}return permissionNames;}/*** ArrayList转String*/public static String listToString(ArrayList<String> permissionNames) {StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();for (int i = 0, size = permissionNames.size(); i < size; i++) {if (i == size - 1) {builder.append(permissionNames.get(i));} else {builder.append(permissionNames.get(i)).append("、");}}return builder.toString();}/*** 权限提醒弹窗*/public void showPermissionSettingDialog(FragmentActivity activity, ArrayList<String> permissionList, @Nullable OnSettingsCallback onSettingsCallback) {if (activity == null || activity.isFinishing() || activity.isDestroyed()) {return;}String title = "权限提醒";String message = "获取权限失败，请手动授予：" + listToString(getPermissionNames(permissionList));new AlertDialog.Builder(activity).setTitle(title).setMessage(message).setPositiveButton("前往授权", (dialog, which) -> {dialog.dismiss();SettingsFragment.launch(activity, onSettingsCallback);}).show();}
}

SettingsFragment.java

/*** 跳转设置页Fragment*/
public class SettingsFragment extends Fragment {@Nullableprivate OnSettingsCallback mCallBack;public static void launch(@NonNull FragmentActivity activity, @Nullable OnSettingsCallback callback) {SettingsFragment fragment = new SettingsFragment();fragment.setRetainInstance(true);if (callback != null)fragment.setCallback(callback);fragment.attachActivity(activity);}/*** 设置回调*/public void setCallback(@NonNull OnSettingsCallback callback) {mCallBack = callback;}/*** 绑定Activity*/private void attachActivity(@NonNull FragmentActivity activity) {activity.getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction().add(this, this.toString()).commitAllowingStateLoss();}/*** 解绑Activity*/private void detachActivity(@NonNull FragmentActivity activity) {activity.getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction().remove(this).commitAllowingStateLoss();}@Overridepublic void onResume() {super.onResume();PermissionUtils.gotoSetting(this);}@Overridepublic void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable @org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable Intent data) {super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);if (requestCode == PermissionUtils.REQUEST_SETTING_CODE) {OnSettingsCallback callback = mCallBack;mCallBack = null;if (callback != null) {callback.onResult();}}FragmentActivity activity = getActivity();if (activity == null) {return;}detachActivity(activity);}@Overridepublic void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);}@Overridepublic void onDestroy() {super.onDestroy();mCallBack = null;}
}

Activity中使用

{ArrayList<String> permissionList = new ArrayList<>();permissionList.add(Manifest.permission.CAMERA);permissionList.add(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);permissionList.add(Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE);if (PermissionUtils.isGrantedPermissions(mContext, permissionList)) {Toast.makeText(mContext, "权限都通过了", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();} else {PermissionHelper.with(this).permissions(permissionList).request(new OnPermissionCallback() {@Overridepublic void onGranted(boolean allGranted, @NonNull ArrayList<String> permissions) {if (allGranted) {Toast.makeText(mContext, "权限全部通过", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();}Log.e("TAG", "onGranted: " + allGranted + " - " + permissions);}@Overridepublic void onDenied(boolean deniedNever, @NonNull ArrayList<String> permissions) {if (deniedNever) {Toast.makeText(mContext, "权限拒绝且不再询问", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();}Log.e("TAG", "onDenied: " + deniedNever + " - " + permissions);}}, new OnSettingsCallback() {@Overridepublic void onResult() {Log.e("TAG", "onResult");}});}
}

Fragment中使用

ArrayList<String> permissionList = new ArrayList<>();
permissionList.add(Manifest.permission.CAMERA);
permissionList.add(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
permissionList.add(Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE);if (PermissionUtils.isGrantedPermissions(mContext, permissionList)) {Toast.makeText(mContext, "权限都通过了", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else {PermissionHelper.with(this).permissions(permissionList).request(new OnPermissionCallback() {@Overridepublic void onGranted(boolean allGranted, @NonNull ArrayList<String> permissions) {if (allGranted) {Toast.makeText(mContext, "权限全部通过", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();}Log.e("TAG", "onGranted: " + allGranted + " - " + permissions);}@Overridepublic void onDenied(boolean deniedNever, @NonNull ArrayList<String> permissions) {if (deniedNever) {Toast.makeText(mContext, "权限拒绝且不再询问", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();}Log.e("TAG", "onDenied: " + deniedNever + " - " + permissions);}}, new OnSettingsCallback() {@Overridepublic void onResult() {Log.e("TAG", "onResult");}});
}

源码