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latex：
在使用bib文件的时候，当参考文献超过三个作者时，第三个作者后加逗号并接上et al.。我使用的是IEEEtran.bst。

\begingroup
\small
\bibliographystyle{IEEEtran}
\bibliography{newbmyref1}
\endgroup

1.需要将IEEEtran.bst添加到这个tex文件下的那个目录下，修改IEEEtran.bst 为

% #0 turns off the forced use of "et al."
% #1 enables
FUNCTION {default.is.forced.et.al} { #1 }% The maximum number of names that can be present beyond which an "et al."
% usage is forced. Be sure that num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al (below)
% is not greater than this value!
% Note: There are many instances of references in IEEE journals which have
% a very large number of authors as well as instances in which "et al." is
% used profusely.
FUNCTION {default.max.num.names.before.forced.et.al} { #3 }% The number of names that will be shown with a forced "et al.".
% Must be less than or equal to max.num.names.before.forced.et.al
FUNCTION {default.num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al} { #3 }

2.全网搜索：bbl.etal
修改这两项为

FUNCTION {bbl.etal}{ ",~et~al." }删除空格
{ "" * bbl.etal emphasize * }

这样bbl就可以显示为：

P.~Sun, S.~Shen, Y.~Wan\emph{,~et~al.}, ``A survey of iot privacy security: Architecture, technology, challenges, and trends,'' \emph{IEEE Internet of Things Journal}, vol.~11, no.~21, pp. 34\,567--34\,591, Nov. 2024.

如果你不希望~et~al为斜体就删除emphasize .