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部署三台Rockylinux9服务器

实验要求

1. 自动安装ubuntu server20以上版本

2. 自动部署三台Rockylinux9服务器，最小化安装，安装基础包，并设定国内源，设静态IP

实验步骤

安装软件

# yum源必须有epel源

# dnf install -y epel-release

#关闭防火墙和selinux

systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld

sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

# reboot

三、部署Cobbler

1、安装软件

# dnf -y install cobbler dhcp-server

dnf -y install syslinux dnf-plugins-core pykickstart

创建三台虚拟机，设定MAC地址

将三台虚拟机的MAC地址记录下来：
00:50:56:3B:64:2F

00:50:56:23:4A:8E

00:50:56:39:61:7A

2、配置cobbler

（1）修改Cobbler主配置文件

# 生成密文密码

openssl passwd -1 "qweasd"

$1$hNAtwYE4$.l1apMwOWpCDpSmE.MBdG0

#设置root密码

vi /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml

default_password_crypted: "$1$hNAtwYE4$.l1apMwOWpCDpSmE.MBdG0"

$1$hNAtwYE4$.l1apMwOWpCDpSmE.MBdG0

# cobbler接管dhcp

manage_dhcp: true

manage_dhcp_v4: true

#cobbler服务器地址

server: 192.168.8.100 --指定自己的ip地址

#tftp地址

next_server_v4: 192.168.100.128 --指定自己的ip地址

#cobbler接管tftp

manage_tftpd: true

#当bios首选启动项是pxe时，此项设置为true，可避免重启反复安装系统，否则为false

pxe_just_once: true

1. 修改dhcp模版文件

添加

    host server01 {

       hardware ethernet 00:50:56:3B:64:2F;  

       fixed-address 192.168.8.110;         

     }

     host server02 {

       hardware ethernet 00:50:56:23:4A:8E;  

       fixed-address 192.168.8.120;         

     }

     host server03 {

       hardware ethernet 00:50:56:39:61:7A;  

       fixed-address 192.168.8.130;         

     }

# vi /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template

……

subnet 192.168.8.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 { #-网段和子网掩码

     option routers             192.168.8.2; #-网关

     option domain-name-servers  8.8.8.8; #dns

     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;

     range dynamic-bootp        192.168.8.100 192.168.8.254; #--起始范围

     host server01 {

       hardware ethernet 00:50:56:3B:64:2F;   #-复制自己生成的mac地址

       fixed-address 192.168.8.110;         

     }

     host server02 {

       hardware ethernet 00:50:56:23:4A:8E;  

       fixed-address 192.168.8.120;         

     }

     host server03 {

       hardware ethernet 00:50:56:39:61:7A;  

       fixed-address 192.168.8.130;         

     }

     default-lease-time         21600;

     max-lease-time             43200;

     next-server                $next_server_v4;

……

（3）启动cobbler，同步配置

# systemctl enable --now cobblerd

# cobbler sync

（4）启动dhcp、tftp、http服务

# systemctl enable --now tftp httpd dhcpd

#生成引导加载程序 cobbler mkloaders ，此命令适用cobblerV3.3.1及之后的版本

# cobbler mkloaders

# 查看

# ls /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/

grub         libcom32.c32  linux.c32  menu.c32

ldlinux.c32  libutil.c32   memdisk    pxelinux.0

3、导入系统镜像资源

# 挂载光盘镜像

# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/ #虚拟机挂载

# 导入系统镜像资源，并查看

cobbler profile add --name rocky-9-x86_64 --distro=rocky-9-x86_64 --autoinstall=rocky9.ks

# cobbler distro list

rocky-9-x86_64

# cobbler profile list

rocky-9-x86_64

注：导入的镜像资源存放在 /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/目录中。

#重启cobbler，同步配置

# systemctl restart cobblerd

# cobbler sync

#查看生成的启动菜单

# cat /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

定义应答文件

# vi /var/lib/cobbler/templates/rocky9.ks

# version=Rocky9

ignoredisk --only-use=nvme0n1

# Partition clearing information

clearpart --all --initlabel

# Use graphical install

text

# Use CDROM installation media

# url --url=http://192.168.8.10/cblr/links/rocky9-x86_64/

url --url=$tree

reboot

# Keyboard layouts

keyboard --vckeymap=cn --xlayouts='cn'

# System language

lang en_US.UTF-8

selinux --disabled

firewall --disabled

# Network information

network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens33 --ipv6=auto --activate

# Root password

rootpw --iscrypted $1$s14oAn0D$evyEyWiCjQGRaDrI8UeP90

# Run the Setup Agent on first boot

firstboot --enable

# Do not configure the X Window System

skipx

# System services

services --disabled="chronyd"

# System timezone

timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp

# Disk partitioning information

zerombr

part /boot --fstype="ext4" --ondisk=nvme0n1 --size=1024

part /swap --fstype="swap" --ondisk=nvme0n1 --size=2048

part / --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=nvme0n1 --grow --size=1

%packages

@base

@^minimal-environment

%end

%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'

sed -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' \

    -e 's|^#baseurl=http://dl.rockylinux.org/$contentdir|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rockylinux|g' \

    -i.bak \

    /etc/yum.repos.d/Rocky-*.repo

%end

%post

#!/bin/sh

#设置允许root用户ssh登录

echo "PermitRootLogin yes" >>/etc/ssh/sshd_config

sysemctl restart sshd

%end

%anaconda

pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty

pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok

pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty

%end

#更新启动菜单

# cobbler profile remove --name rocky-9-x86_64

# cobbler profile add --name rocky-9-x86_64 --distro=rocky-9-x86_64 --autoinstall=rocky9.ks

重启cobbler，同步配置

# systemctl restart cobblerd

# cobbler sync

# cobbler profile list

rocky-9-x86_64

测试