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引言

在分布式系统开发中，Google Protocol Buffers（简称Protobuf）凭借其​​高效序列化能力​​和​​跨语言兼容性​​，已成为微服务通信、数据存储等场景的首选协议格式。本文将以Maven为核心工具链，详解如何通过.proto文件自动生成Java对象，并实现与Spring Boot项目的深度集成。

一、Maven插件配置

推荐使用protobuf-maven-plugin插件

• ​​自动化编译​​：通过protoc编译器将.proto文件生成Java代码
• ​​多平台支持​​：通过os-maven-plugin自动识别操作系统架构（Windows/Linux/macOS）
• ​​版本管理​​：支持Protobuf 3.x及gRPC扩展

    <plugin><groupId>org.xolstice.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>protobuf-maven-plugin</artifactId><version>0.6.1</version><configuration><protoSourceRoot>./proto</protoSourceRoot><includes><include>**/spec/**</include></includes></configuration></plugin>

其中，protoSourceRoot是存放proto文件的相对路径地址，include是在相对路径下更小的文件包范围限制。准比的proto文件如下：

syntax = "proto3";
package org.spec.extend;
option java_package = "org.spec.extend";
message Bin{float left_bound = 1;float right_bound = 2;float filling_value = 4;
}message VariableBins{string feature_name = 1;string feature_type = 2;repeated Bin valid_bins = 5;bool is_woe = 6;
}message Bins{repeated VariableBins variable_bins = 1;string model_hash = 2;
}

二、代码生成

在Maven pom下，执行插件的compile，会自动生成对应的java文件。

 三、项目集成

项目完整pom文件：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.springboot.test</groupId><artifactId>pb2java</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version><packaging>jar</packaging><name>pb2java</name><url>http://maven.apache.org</url><properties><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>junit</groupId><artifactId>junit</artifactId><version>3.8.1</version><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId><artifactId>protobuf-java</artifactId><version>3.25.5</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId><artifactId>protobuf-java-util</artifactId><version>3.25.5</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>io.grpc</groupId><artifactId>grpc-netty-shaded</artifactId><version>1.62.2</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>io.grpc</groupId><artifactId>grpc-protobuf</artifactId><version>1.62.2</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>io.grpc</groupId><artifactId>grpc-stub</artifactId><version>1.62.2</version></dependency></dependencies><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.xolstice.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>protobuf-maven-plugin</artifactId><version>0.6.1</version><configuration><protoSourceRoot>./proto</protoSourceRoot><includes><include>**/spec/**</include></includes></configuration></plugin></plugins></build>
</project>

测试代码：

 public static void main( String[] args ) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {BinData.Bin bin = BinData.Bin.newBuilder().setLeftBound(2.0F).setRightBound(4.9F).setFillingValue(0.1F).build();System.out.println(JsonFormat.printer().print(bin));}