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1. Agent总览

  在CrewAI框架中，Agent是一个能具备下列能力的自主单元：
  1. 执行特定的任务
  2. 基于它的角色和目标进行决策
  3. 使用工具完成任务
  4. 与其他Agent交流协作
  5. 维持交互时的记忆
  6. 条件允许的情况下委派任务

2. Agent属性

属性	参数	类型	含义
角色	role	str	定义Agent在Crew中的能力
目标	goal	str	指导Agent进行决策
背景信息	backstory	str	为Agent提供上下文和个性特征，丰富交互
大语言模型	llm	Union[str, LLM, any]	增强Agent的大语言模型，默认为OPENAI_MODEL_NAME环境变量指定的模型或GPT-4
工具	tools	List[BaseTool]	Agent可用的工具，默认为空列表
函数调用的大语言模型	function_calling_llm	Optional[Any]	用于调用工具的大语言模型，如果指定，将会覆盖crew的llm
最大迭代	max_iter	int	Agent提供最佳答案之前的最大迭代数，默认为20
每分钟最大请求数	max_rpm	Optional[int]	每分钟最大请求限制以避免速率限制
最大执行时间	max_execution_time	Optional[int]	任务执行的最大时间
记忆(疑似参数不存在)	memory	bool	Agent是否应该保持交互时的记忆
详细日志	verbose	bool	打开详细的执行日志以便调试，默认为false
允许委派任务	allow_delegation	bool	允许Agent将任务委派给其他Agent，默认为False
步骤回调	step_callback	Optional[Any]	每个Agent步骤调用的函数，覆盖crew回调
Cache	cache	bool	为工具启用缓存，默认为True
系统提示词模板	system_template	Optional[str]	自定义Agent系统提示词模板
提示词模板	prompt_template	Optional[str]	自定义Agent提示词模板
响应模板	response_template	Optional[str]	自定义Agent响应模板
允许代码执行	allow_code_execution	Optional[bool]	为Agent启用代码执行，默认为False
最大重试限制	max_retry_limit	int	发生错误时重试的最大次数，默认值为2
尊重上下文窗口	respect_context_window	bool	通过总结将消息保持在上下文窗口大小之内，默认为True
代码执行模式	code_execution_mode	Literal[“safe”, “unsafe”]	代码执行模式：safe(Docker)或unsafe(直接)，默认为safe
嵌入器	embedder	Optional[Dict[str, Any]]	Agent使用的嵌入器的配置
知识来源	knowledge_sources	Optional[List[BaseKnowledgeSource]]	Agent使用的知识来源
使用系统提示词模板	use_system_prompt	Optional[bool]	是否使用系统提示词模板(支持o1模型)，默认为True

3. 创建Agent

3.1 YAML配置

  通过crewai create crew <your-project-name>后，在<your-project-name>/src/<your-project-name>/config/agents.yaml中以如下的形式定义Agents：

code_assistant:role: >高级Python开发工程师goal: >编写和调试Python代码backstory: >有10年开发经验的Python开发专家

  在<your-project-name>/src/<your-project-name>/config/tasks.yaml中以如下的形式定义Tasks：

coding_task:description: >1. 根据用户的要求编写Python代码。2. 解释用户给出的Python代码。3. 调试并修改用户给出的Python代码expected_output: >根据用户的要求或代码{code}，给出一份正确且高效的Python代码agent: code_assistantlibrary_used: ['scikit-learn', 'numpy', 'matplotlib']

  在<your-project-name>/src/<your-project-name>/crew.py中创建一个继承CrewBase的类：

from crewai import Agent, Crew, Process, Task
from crewai.project import CrewBase, agent, crew, task# If you want to run a snippet of code before or after the crew starts,
# you can use the @before_kickoff and @after_kickoff decorators
# https://docs.crewai.com/concepts/crews#example-crew-class-with-decorators@CrewBase
class CodeAssistant():"""CodeAssistant crew"""# Learn more about YAML configuration files here:# Agents: https://docs.crewai.com/concepts/agents#yaml-configuration-recommended# Tasks: https://docs.crewai.com/concepts/tasks#yaml-configuration-recommendedagents_config = 'config/agents.yaml'tasks_config = 'config/tasks.yaml'# If you would like to add tools to your agents, you can learn more about it here:# https://docs.crewai.com/concepts/agents#agent-tools@agentdef code_assistant(self) -> Agent:return Agent(config=self.agents_config['code_assistant'],allow_code_execution=True,code_execution_mode='safe',max_execution_time=300,max_retry_limit=3,verbose=True)@taskdef coding_task(self) -> Task:return Task(config=self.tasks_config['coding_task'],)@crewdef crew(self) -> Crew:"""Creates the CodeAssistant crew"""# To learn how to add knowledge sources to your crew, check out the documentation:# https://docs.crewai.com/concepts/knowledge#what-is-knowledgereturn Crew(agents=self.agents, # Automatically created by the @agent decoratortasks=self.tasks, # Automatically created by the @task decoratorprocess=Process.sequential,verbose=True,# process=Process.hierarchical, # In case you wanna use that instead https://docs.crewai.com/how-to/Hierarchical/)

  在<your-project-name>/src/<your-project-name>/main.py中修改inputs：

mycode = """
import numpy as np
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.datasets import load_iris
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
import matplotlib.pyplot as pltplt.style.use("deeplearning.mplstyle")
plt.rcParams["font.family"] = "sans-serif"
plt.rcParams["font.sans-serif"] = ["SimHei", "Microsoft YaHei"]  # 设置中文字体
plt.rcParams["axes.unicode_minus"] = False  # 正确显示负号class MySoftMaxRegression:def __init__(self, alpha, la=1, penalty=None, epoch=1e3):self.m = Noneself.c = None # 类别个数self.w = Noneself.b = Noneself.dict = Noneself.reverse_dict = Noneself.alpha = alphaself.la = laself.e = epochself.ln = penalty is Noneself.l1 = penalty == "l1"self.l2 = penalty == "l2"self.jwb = []def _onehotencoder(self, y):y_unique = np.unique(y)t = tuple(zip(y_unique, np.arange(len(y_unique))))self.dict = {key: value for key, value in t}self.reverse_dict = {key: value for value, key in t}y_temp = np.zeros((len(y), len(np.unique(y))))for i in range(len(y)):y_temp[i][self.dict.get(y[i])] = 1return y_tempdef _softmax(self, x):x_temp = np.exp(np.dot(x, self.w.T) + self.b.T)x_sum = np.sum(x_temp, axis=1).reshape(len(x), 1)return x_temp / x_sumdef _loss(self, x, y):loss = -np.sum(np.log(self._softmax(x)) * y)if self.ln:return lossif self.l1:return loss + np.sum(np.abs(self.w))if self.l2:return loss + np.sum(self.w ** 2)def plotlearingcurve(self, st=0, end=None):end = int(self.e) if end is None else endplt.figure(1)plt.plot(np.arange(st, end + 1), self.jwb[st:end + 1])plt.xlabel("迭代次数")plt.ylabel("代价函数值")plt.title(f"学习曲线图从迭代次数{st}开始")def fit(self, x, y):self.m = len(x)self.c = len(np.unique(y))self.w = np.zeros((self.c, len(x[0])))self.b = np.zeros((self.c, 1))y_onehot = self._onehotencoder(y)self.jwb.append(self._loss(x, y_onehot))count = 0while count < self.e:w_temp = self.w - self.alpha * np.dot(((self._softmax(x) - 1) * y_onehot).T, x) / self.mif self.l1:w_temp = w_temp - self.alpha * self.la * np.sign(w_temp)if self.l2:w_temp = w_temp - 2 * self.alpha * self.la * w_tempself.b = self.b - self.alpha * np.sum((self._softmax(x) - 1) * y_onehot, axis=0).reshape(self.c, 1) / self.mself.w = w_tempself.jwb.append(self._loss(x, y_onehot))count += 1print(self.jwb)def predict(self, x):return self._softmax(x)def parameters(self):return self.w, self.b# 加载数据集，这里以鸢尾花数据集为例
iris = load_iris()
X = iris.data
y = iris.target# 分割数据集，60%作为训练集，40%作为测试集
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.4, random_state=42)
scaler = StandardScaler()
Xn_train = scaler.fit_transform(X_train)
Xn_test = scaler.transform(X_test)
SoftReg = MySoftMaxRegression(1)
SoftReg.fit(Xn_train, y_train)
SoftReg.plotlearingcurve()
y_pred = np.argmax(SoftReg.predict(Xn_test), axis=1)
print(np.sum(y_pred == y_test) / len(y_test))
print(SoftReg.parameters())
"""def run():"""Run the crew."""inputs = {"code": mycode}try:CodeAssistant().crew().kickoff(inputs=inputs)except Exception as e:raise Exception(f"An error occurred while running the crew: {e}")def train():"""Train the crew for a given number of iterations."""inputs = {"code": mycode}try:CodeAssistant().crew().train(n_iterations=int(sys.argv[1]), filename=sys.argv[2], inputs=inputs)except Exception as e:raise Exception(f"An error occurred while training the crew: {e}")def replay():"""Replay the crew execution from a specific task."""try:CodeAssistant().crew().replay(task_id=sys.argv[1])except Exception as e:raise Exception(f"An error occurred while replaying the crew: {e}")def test():"""Test the crew execution and returns the results."""inputs = {"code": mycode}try:CodeAssistant().crew().test(n_iterations=int(sys.argv[1]), openai_model_name=sys.argv[2], inputs=inputs)except Exception as e:raise Exception(f"An error occurred while testing the crew: {e}")

3.2 直接用代码定义

  只需将上面crew.py中的Agent定义以如下方式更改：

    @agentdef code_assistant(self) -> Agent:return Agent(role='高级Python开发工程师',goal='编写和调试Python代码',backstory='有10年开发经验的Python开发专家',allow_code_execution=True,code_execution_mode='safe',max_execution_time=300,max_retry_limit=3,verbose=True)

3.3 运行结果

  在项目路径下先安装依赖，然后运行：

crewai install
crewai run

  由于设置了allow_code_execution=True和code_execution_mode=‘safe’，因此需要在电脑上安装docker，否则将无法运行。
  总的来说，CrewAI的代码执行相当差劲，从接下来的运行结果图中就可以看出。
  下图是运行过程创建的docker容器，容器名为code-interpreter。

  下面是运行结果：

  这里对inputs中的code进行了分析，得到了这段代码的目的是实现softmax回归的分析。

  这里执行代码，发现缺少sklearn即scikit-learn库。

  下面三张图都在尝试解决依赖问题，但是发现安装scikit-learn的时候缺少C++编译。










  修改后的代码：

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as pltplt.rcParams['font.family'] = 'sans-serif'
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei', 'Microsoft YaHei']  # 设置中文字体
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False  # 正确显示负号class MySoftMaxRegression:def __init__(self, alpha=0.1, la=1, penalty=None, epoch=1000):self.m = None  # 样本数量self.c = None  # 类别个数self.w = None  # 权重矩阵self.b = None  # 偏置向量self.dict = None  # 类别到索引的映射self.reverse_dict = None  # 索引到类别的映射self.alpha = alpha  # 学习率self.la = la  # 正则化系数self.epoch = epoch  # 迭代次数self.ln = penalty is None  # 无正则化self.l1 = penalty == "l1"  # L1正则化self.l2 = penalty == "l2"  # L2正则化self.loss_history = []  # 损失历史记录def _onehotencoder(self, y):"""将类别标签转换为one-hot编码"""y_unique = np.unique(y)self.dict = {label: idx for idx, label in enumerate(y_unique)}self.reverse_dict = {idx: label for idx, label in enumerate(y_unique)}y_onehot = np.zeros((len(y), len(y_unique)))for i, label in enumerate(y):y_onehot[i, self.dict[label]] = 1return y_onehotdef _softmax(self, x):"""计算softmax概率"""scores = np.dot(x, self.w.T) + self.b.T# 数值稳定性处理scores -= np.max(scores, axis=1, keepdims=True)exp_scores = np.exp(scores)return exp_scores / np.sum(exp_scores, axis=1, keepdims=True)def _loss(self, x, y_onehot):"""计算损失函数"""probs = self._softmax(x)# 交叉熵损失loss = -np.sum(np.log(probs) * y_onehot) / len(x)# 正则化项if self.l1:loss += self.la * np.sum(np.abs(self.w))elif self.l2:loss += self.la * np.sum(self.w ** 2)return lossdef plot_learning_curve(self):"""绘制学习曲线"""plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))plt.plot(range(len(self.loss_history)), self.loss_history)plt.xlabel("迭代次数")plt.ylabel("损失值")plt.title("学习曲线")plt.grid(True)plt.show()def fit(self, x, y):"""训练模型"""self.m = len(x)self.c = len(np.unique(y))# 初始化参数self.w = np.random.randn(self.c, x.shape[1]) * 0.01self.b = np.zeros((self.c, 1))y_onehot = self._onehotencoder(y)for i in range(self.epoch):# 前向传播probs = self._softmax(x)# 计算梯度dw = np.dot((probs - y_onehot).T, x) / self.mdb = np.sum(probs - y_onehot, axis=0).reshape(self.c, 1) / self.m# 应用正则化if self.l1:dw += self.la * np.sign(self.w)elif self.l2:dw += 2 * self.la * self.w# 参数更新self.w -= self.alpha * dwself.b -= self.alpha * db# 记录损失current_loss = self._loss(x, y_onehot)self.loss_history.append(current_loss)# 每100次打印损失if i % 100 == 0:print(f"Epoch {i}, Loss: {current_loss:.4f}")def predict(self, x):"""预测类别"""probs = self._softmax(x)return np.array([self.reverse_dict[idx] for idx in np.argmax(probs, axis=1)])def score(self, x, y):"""计算准确率"""y_pred = self.predict(x)return np.mean(y_pred == y)def get_parameters(self):"""获取模型参数"""return self.w, self.b# 示例数据集 - 手动创建简单的多分类数据集
def create_dataset():np.random.seed(42)# 类别0的数据x0 = np.random.randn(50, 2) + np.array([2, 2])y0 = np.zeros(50)# 类别1的数据x1 = np.random.randn(50, 2) + np.array([-2, 2])y1 = np.ones(50)# 类别2的数据x2 = np.random.randn(50, 2) + np.array([0, -2])y2 = np.ones(50) * 2x = np.vstack([x0, x1, x2])y = np.hstack([y0, y1, y2])# 打乱数据indices = np.arange(len(x))np.random.shuffle(indices)return x[indices], y[indices]# 数据标准化
def standardize(x):mean = np.mean(x, axis=0)std = np.std(x, axis=0)return (x - mean) / std# 创建并准备数据
x, y = create_dataset()
x = standardize(x)# 分割训练集和测试集
split = int(0.8 * len(x))
x_train, y_train = x[:split], y[:split]
x_test, y_test = x[split:], y[split:]# 创建并训练模型
model = MySoftMaxRegression(alpha=0.1, epoch=1000)
model.fit(x_train, y_train)# 评估模型
print(f"训练集准确率: {model.score(x_train, y_train):.4f}")
print(f"测试集准确率: {model.score(x_test, y_test):.4f}")# 绘制学习曲线
model.plot_learning_curve()

  虽然修改后的代码仍然能执行并没有错误修改，但是没有在docker里执行并得到结果，因此根据需求编写代码任务得到的代码可信度存疑。

参考

https://docs.crewai.com/concepts/agents