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解决方案

1、场景说明

利用RabbitMQ的死信队列，解决RabbitMQ业务队列故障重试无效场景问题，在MQ业务队列消费失败时，将消息进行重试，重试若干次数（可自定义），如果还是失败则发送到死信队列，消费者监听死信队列，然后对死信队列的消息再进行相关处理。

项目实战

1、生产者服务

1.1、RabbitConfig定义相关交换机及死信队列等配置数据

@Slf4j
@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig {public static final String BUSINESS_EXCHANGE_NAME = "business-exchange";public static final String DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE_NAME = "dead-letter-exchange";public static final String BUSINESS_QUEUE_NAME = "business-queue";public static final String DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE_NAME = "dead-letter-queue";public static final String ROUTING_KEY = "routing-key";// 声明业务交换机@Beanpublic DirectExchange businessExchange(){return new DirectExchange(BUSINESS_EXCHANGE_NAME);}// 声明死信交换机@Beanpublic DirectExchange deadLetterExchange(){return new DirectExchange(DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE_NAME);}// 声明业务队列@Beanpublic Queue businessQueue(){Map<String, Object> args = new HashMap<>(2);// 设置业务队列的死信交换机args.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE_NAME);return QueueBuilder.durable(BUSINESS_QUEUE_NAME).withArguments(args).build();}// 声明死信队列@Beanpublic Queue deadLetterQueue(){return new Queue(DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE_NAME);}// 将业务队列绑定到业务交换机@Beanpublic Binding bindBusinessQueue(){return BindingBuilder.bind(businessQueue()).to(businessExchange()).with(ROUTING_KEY);}// 将死信队列绑定到死信交换机@Beanpublic Binding bindDeadLetterQueue(){return BindingBuilder.bind(deadLetterQueue()).to(deadLetterExchange()).with(ROUTING_KEY);}
}

1.2、TestController测试接口Controller

@RestController
public class TestController {@AutowiredRabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;@GetMapping("/send")public void send(@RequestParam String msg){// 发送消息，模拟失败到死信队列rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitConfig.BUSINESS_EXCHANGE_NAME, RabbitConfig.ROUTING_KEY, msg);}
}

2、消费者服务

2.1 BusinessQueueConsumer业务队列监听器

@Service
@Slf4j
@RabbitListener(queues = "business-queue")
public class BusinessQueueConsumer {/*** 指定消费的队列*/@RabbitHandlerpublic void consume(String msg, Message message, Channel channel) {boolean success = false;int retryCount = 3;while (!success && retryCount-- > 0) {try {// 处理消息log.info("收到消息: {}, deliveryTag = {}", msg, message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag());if (msg.equals("netowrk-error")) {throw new RuntimeException("模拟调用接口网络故障！");}// 正常处理完毕，手动确认success = true;channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false);} catch (Exception e) {log.error("程序异常：{}", e.getMessage());}}// 达到最大重试次数后仍然消费失败if (!success) {// 手动删除，移至死信队列try {channel.basicNack(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false, false);} catch (IOException e) {log.error("IO异常：移至死信队列失败", e);}}}
}

2.2 DeadLetterConsumer死信队列监听器

@Service
@Slf4j
@RabbitListener(queues = "dead-letter-queue")
public class DeadLetterConsumer {/*** 指定消费的队列*/@RabbitHandlerpublic void consume(String msg, Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException {log.info("死信队列收到消息: {}, deliveryTag = {}", msg, message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag());log.info("死信队列收到了消息: {}" , msg);log.info("这里模拟向手动处理数据表添加数据完成！");channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false);}
}

项目测试

1、启动RabbitMQ、Producer、调用send接口生成业务交换机及队列

2、发送netowrk-error消息，模拟网络故障

可以看到，消息已经正确被消费失败，自动重试了3次后被发送到了死信队列，另外在死信队列里面进行了消息处理。

项目架构及源码

源码下载，欢迎Star！