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搭建集群使用docker下载K8s，使用一主两从模式

主机名	IP地址
k8s- master	192.168.1.141
k8s- node-1	192.168.1.142
k8s- node-2	192.168.1.143

一：准备工作

VMware Workstation Pro新建三台虚拟机Rocky Linux 9（系统推荐最小化安装） 。

如果VMware Workstation Pro（如低于 16.x 的版本）中，如果新建虚拟机向导没有 Rocky Linux 9 的预设选项，可以 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 或相近版本作为替代模板。

主机硬件配置说明

作用	IP地址	操作系统	配置	关键组件
k8s-master01	192.168.1.11	Rocky Linux release 9	2颗CPU 4G内存 100G硬盘	kube-apiserver, etcd, etc
k8s-node01	192.168.1.12	Rocky Linux release 9	2颗CPU 4G内存 100G硬盘	kubelet, kube-proxy
k8s-node02	192.168.1.13	Rocky Linux release 9	2颗CPU 4G内存 100G硬盘	kubelet, kube-proxy

yum源搭建

1、系统最小化安装。
2、替换默认源。
sed -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' \
    -e 's|^#baseurl=http://dl.rockylinux.org/$contentdir|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rockylinux|g' \
    -i.bak \
    /etc/yum.repos.d/rocky*.repo

dnf makecache

3、安装epel软件仓库，更换国内源
1>. 在 Rocky Linux 9 中启用并安装 EPEL Repo。
# Rocky Linux 9
dnf config-manager --set-enabled crb
dnf install epel-release

2>. 备份(如有配置其他epel源)并替换为国内镜像
注意最后这个库，阿里云没有对应的镜像，不要修改它，如果误改恢复原版源即可

cp /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo  /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo.backup 
cp /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-testing.repo  /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-testing.repo.backup
cp /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-cisco-openh264.repo  /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-cisco-openh264.repo.backup

3>. 将 repo 配置中的地址替换为阿里云镜像站地址

执行下面语句，它会替换epel.repo、eple-testing.repo中的网址，不会修改epel-cisco-openh264.repo，可以正常使用。

sed -e 's!^metalink=!#metalink=!g' \
    -e 's!^#baseurl=!baseurl=!g' \
    -e 's!https\?://download\.fedoraproject\.org/pub/epel!https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel!g' \
    -e 's!https\?://download\.example/pub/epel!https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel!g' \
    -i /etc/yum.repos.d/epel{,-testing}.repo
现在我们有了 EPEL 仓库，更新仓库缓存

dnf clean all 
dnf makecache

配置主机名和IP

[root@localhost ~]#hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master01
[root@localhost ~]#hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node01
[root@localhost ~]#hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node02

#master01配置ip地址

[root@k8s-master01 ~]#vi /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/ens160.nmconnection

[connection]
id=ens160
uuid=ff8b8a02-ec88-301d-8e64-4f88b4551949
type=ethernet
autoconnect-priority=-999
interface-name=ens160
timestamp=1744709836

[ethernet]

[ipv4]
method=manual
address=192.168.1.11/24,192.168.1.2
dns=114.114.114.114

[ipv6]
addr-gen-mode=eui64
method=auto

[proxy]

[root@k8s-master01 network-scripts]# nmcli connection reload
[root@k8s-master01 network-scripts]# nmcli connection up ens160

#同理node01和node02配置ip地址

[root@k8s-node01 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens160address=192.168.1.11/24,192.168.1.2

[root@k8s-node01 ~]# nmcli connection reload

[root@k8s-node01 ~]# nmcli connection up ens160

[root@k8s-node02 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens160address=192.168.1.11/24,192.168.1.2

[root@k8s-node02 ~]# nmcli connection reload

[root@k8s-node02 ~]# nmcli connection up ens160

配置hosts解析

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.1.11 k8s-master01
192.168.1.12 k8s-node01
192.168.1.13 k8s-node02

[root@k8s-node01 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.1.11 k8s-master01
192.168.1.12 k8s-node01
192.168.1.13 k8s-node02

[root@k8s-node02 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.1.11 k8s-master01
192.168.1.12 k8s-node01
192.168.1.13 k8s-node02

# 配置免密登录，只在k8s-master01上操作
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# ssh-keygen -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa -N '' -q

# 点拷贝秘钥到其他 2 台节点
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# ssh-copy-id k8s-node01
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# ssh-copy-id k8s-node02

开启多执行关闭防火墙和SELinux，配置时间同步

[root@k8s-master01 ~]#systemctl disable --now firewalld            
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#sed -i '/^SELINUX=/ c SELINUX=disabled' /etc/selinux/config
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#setenforce 0

[root@k8s-node01 ~]#systemctl disable --now firewalld

[root@k8s-node01 ~]#sed -i '/^SELINUX=/ c SELINUX=disabled' /etc/selinux/config

[root@k8s-node01 ~]#setenforce 0

[root@k8s-node02 ~]#systemctl disable --now firewalld

[root@k8s-node02 ~]#sed -i '/^SELINUX=/ c SELINUX=disabled' /etc/selinux/config

[root@k8s-node02 ~]#setenforce 0

[root@k8s-master01 ~]#dnf install -y chrony
# 修改同步服务器
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#sed -i '/^pool/ c pool ntp1.aliyun.com  iburst' /etc/chrony.conf
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#systemctl restart chronyd
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#systemctl enable chronyd

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# chronyc sources
MS Name/IP address         Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample               
===============================================================================
^* 47.96.149.233                 2   6    17     2  -2147us[-2300us] +/-   46ms

#同理其他主机也需要进行时间同步安装，一模一样的配置

启用ipvs

[root@k8s-master01 ~]#cat >> /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf << EOF
br_netfilter
ip_conntrack
ip_vs
ip_vs_lc
ip_vs_wlc
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_lblc
ip_vs_lblcr
ip_vs_dh
ip_vs_sh
ip_vs_fo
ip_vs_nq
ip_vs_sed
ip_vs_ftp
ip_vs_sh
nf_conntrack
ip_tables
ip_set
xt_set
ipt_set
ipt_rpfilter
ipt_REJECT
ipip
EOF

[root@k8s-master01 ~]#dnf install ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp -y

[root@k8s-master01 ~]#systemctl restart systemd-modules-load.service

[root@k8s-node01 ~]#cat >> /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf << EOF
br_netfilter
ip_conntrack
ip_vs
ip_vs_lc
ip_vs_wlc
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_lblc
ip_vs_lblcr
ip_vs_dh
ip_vs_sh
ip_vs_fo
ip_vs_nq
ip_vs_sed
ip_vs_ftp
ip_vs_sh
nf_conntrack
ip_tables
ip_set
xt_set
ipt_set
ipt_rpfilter
ipt_REJECT
ipip
EOF

[root@k8s-node01 ~]#dnf install ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp -y

[root@k8s-node01 ~]#systemctl restart systemd-modules-load.service

[root@k8s-node02 ~]#cat >> /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf << EOF
br_netfilter
ip_conntrack
ip_vs
ip_vs_lc
ip_vs_wlc
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_lblc
ip_vs_lblcr
ip_vs_dh
ip_vs_sh
ip_vs_fo
ip_vs_nq
ip_vs_sed
ip_vs_ftp
ip_vs_sh
nf_conntrack
ip_tables
ip_set
xt_set
ipt_set
ipt_rpfilter
ipt_REJECT
ipip
EOF

[root@k8s-node02 ~]#dnf install ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp -y

[root@k8s-node02 ~]#systemctl restart systemd-modules-load.service

句柄数最大

[root@k8s-master01 ~]#ulimit -SHn 65535
cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf <<EOF
* soft nofile 655360
* hard nofile 131072
* soft nproc 655350
* hard nproc 655350
* seft memlock unlimited
* hard memlock unlimitedd
EOF
查看修改结果
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#ulimit -a

进行系统优化

[root@k8s-master01 ~]#cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s_better.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
vm.swappiness=0
vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.panic_on_oom=0
fs.inotify.max_user_instances=8192
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=1048576
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720
EOF

[root@k8s-master01 ~]#modprobe br_netfilter
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#lsmod |grep conntrack
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#modprobe ip_conntrack
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s_better.conf

二：容器运行时工具安装及运行

#安装依赖
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

#添加软件源信息
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/rhel/docker-ce.repo

#安装Docker-CE
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# yum makecache fast
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# yum -y install docker-ce

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# docker -v
Docker version 28.0.4, build b8034c0
 

# 设置国内镜像加速
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# mkdir -p /etc/docker/
cat  >> /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
   "registry-mirrors":["https://p3kgr6db.mirror.aliyuncs.com",
   "https://docker.m.daocloud.io",
   "https://your_id.mirror.aliyuncs.com",
   "https://docker.nju.edu.cn/",
    "https://docker.anyhub.us.kg",
    "https://dockerhub.jobcher.com",
    "https://dockerhub.icu",
    "https://docker.ckyl.me",
       "https://cr.console.aliyun.com"
   ],
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
EOF

设置docker开机启动并启动
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# # systemctl enable --now docker

#k8s-node01和k8s-node02进行一模一样的命令

查看docker版本
# docker version

三台同时安装cri-docker

wget -c https://github.com/Mirantis/cri-dockerd/releases/download/v0.3.16/cri-dockerd-0.3.16-3.fc35.x86_64.rpm
wget -c https://rpmfind.net/linux/almalinux/8.10/BaseOS/x86_64/os/Packages/libcgroup-0.41-19.el8.x86_64.rpm
yum install libcgroup-0.41-19.el8.x86_64.rpm
yum install cri-dockerd-0.3.16-3.fc35.x86_64.rpm

启动cri-docker服务

systemctl enable cri-docker

cri-dockerd设置国内镜像加速

[root@k8s-master01 ~]#vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/cri-docker.service

[root@k8s-node01 ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/cri-docker.service
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/cri-docker.service

# 重启Docker组件
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart docker cri-docker.socket cri-docker

#检查Docker组件状态

[root@k8s-master01 ~]#systemctl status docker cir-docker.socket cri-docker

[root@k8s-node01 ~]#systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart docker cri-docker.socket cri-docker

[root@k8s-master01 ~]#systemctl status docker cir-docker.socket cri-docker

[root@k8s-node02 ~]#systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart docker cri-docker.socket cri-docker

[root@k8s-master02 ~]#systemctl status docker cir-docker.socket cri-docker

三：三台一起进行K8S软件安装

#添加阿里云YUM软件源，配置kubernetes源

[root@k8s-master01 ~]#
cat <<EOF | tee /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes-new/core/stable/v1.32/rpm/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes-new/core/stable/v1.32/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
EOF

#安装kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl、kubernetes-cni
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl kubernetes-cni

#配置cgroup为了实现docker使用的cgroupdriver与kubelet使用的cgroup的一致性，建议修改如下文件内容。

[root@k8s-master01 ~]#vim /etc/sysconfig/kubelet
KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=systemd"

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# systemctl enable kubelet
 

#node1

[root@k8s-node01 ~]#

cat <<EOF | tee /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes-new/core/stable/v1.32/rpm/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes-new/core/stable/v1.32/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
EOF

[root@k8s-node01 ~]#yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl kubernetes-cni

[root@k8s-node01 ~]#vim /etc/sysconfig/kubelet
KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=systemd"

[root@k8s-node01 ~]# systemctl enable kubelet
 

#node2

[root@k8s-node02 ~]#

cat <<EOF | tee /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes-new/core/stable/v1.32/rpm/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes-new/core/stable/v1.32/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
EOF

[root@k8s-node02 ~]#yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl kubernetes-cni

[root@k8s-node02 ~]#vim /etc/sysconfig/kubelet
KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=systemd"

[root@k8s-node02 ~]# systemctl enable kubelet

四：K8S集群初始化

#在master上面进行修改

[root@k8s-master01 ~]#kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm-init.yaml

[root@k8s-master01 ~]#vi kubeadm-init.yaml

修改为 advertiseAddress: 192.168.1.11

修改为 criSocket: unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock

修改为 name: k8s-master01

修改为：imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers

修改为：kubernetesVersion: 1.32.2

文件末尾增加启用ipvs功能

---
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
mode: ipvs

#根据配置文件启动 kubeadm 初始化 k8s
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#kubeadm init --config=kubeadm-init.yaml --upload-certs --v=6

#master主机上

[root@k8s-master01 ~]#mkdir -p $HOME/.kube 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config 
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

#将node-1和node-2加入到k8s集群中

[root@k8s-node01 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.1.11:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:1c8cadee79fc7739c3084fa08f1d4347bb0f0ae67d7cb38b329c7f2481ee0048 --cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock

[root@k8s-node02 ~]#  kubeadm join 192.168.1.11:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:1c8cadee79fc7739c3084fa08f1d4347bb0f0ae67d7cb38b329c7f2481ee0048 --cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock

#maste查看集群

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get node

# 只在master01上操作
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# curl -O https://docs.projectcalico.org/archive/v3.28/manifests/calico.yaml

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# vim calico.yaml
以下两行默认没有开启，开始后修改第二行为kubeadm初始化使用指定的pod network即可。
3680             # The default IPv4 pool to create on startup if none exists. Pod IPs will be
3681             # chosen from this range. Changing this value after installation will have
3682             # no effect. This should fall within `--cluster-cidr`.
3683             - name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR
3684               value: "10.244.0.0/16"
3685             # Disable file logging so `kubectl logs` works.

[root@k8s-master ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  calico.tar.gz  calico.yaml  kubeadm-init.yaml

[root@k8s-master ~]# docker load -i calico.tar.gz
29ebc113185d: Loading layer  3.582MB/3.582MB
de34b16b5b80: Loading layer  75.58MB/75.58MB
Loaded image: calico/kube-controllers:v3.28.0
3ba0ed02b4de: Loading layer  205.4MB/205.4MB
5f70bf18a086: Loading layer  1.024kB/1.024kB
Loaded image: calico/cni:v3.28.0
30d979f3b1cb: Loading layer  354.5MB/354.5MB
Loaded image: calico/node:v3.28.0

[root@k8s-master ~]# scp calico.tar.gz k8s-node01:~
calico.tar.gz                                                   100%  610MB  92.1MB/s   00:06
[root@k8s-master ~]# scp calico.tar.gz k8s-node02:~
calico.tar.gz                                                   100%  610MB  89.3MB/s   00:06

[root@k8s-node01 ~]# docker load -i calico.tar.gz
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# docker load -i calico.tar.gz
29ebc113185d: Loading layer  3.582MB/3.582MB
de34b16b5b80: Loading layer  75.58MB/75.58MB
Loaded image: calico/kube-controllers:v3.28.0
3ba0ed02b4de: Loading layer  205.4MB/205.4MB
5f70bf18a086: Loading layer  1.024kB/1.024kB
Loaded image: calico/cni:v3.28.0
30d979f3b1cb: Loading layer  354.5MB/354.5MB
Loaded image: calico/node:v3.28.0

部署calico网络
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

检查：
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pod -n kube-system 

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get nodes
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pod -n kube-system

扩展~Kubectl命令自动补全

yum -y install bash-completion
source /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
source <(kubectl completion bash)
echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bashrc