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论文地址：Scaling Up Your Kernels to 31x31: Revisiting Large Kernel Design in CNNs
参考视频：从CVPR2022-RepLKNet分析有效感受野，并提供YOLOV8可视化感受野的脚本和讲解~
参考博客：感受野的热力图可视化
参考PaddlePaddle解读文章：卷积核越大性能越强？一文解读RepLKNet模型

感受野

图 1. 分别为 ResNet-101/152 和 RepLKNet-13/31 的有效感受野（ERF）。分布范围更广的深色区域表明有效感受野更大。增加网络层数（例如从 ResNet-101 到 ResNet-152）对扩大有效感受野的作用甚微。相比之下，我们的大核模型 RepLKNet 能有效获得更大的有效感受野。

ViT是的多头注意力机制（MHSA）可以对输入的特征全局建模，相当于感受野是全局，而CNN只能获取到局部信息。

之前有个经验性的结论，把一个5x5的卷积核换成两个3x3的，参数量减少但效果相同。但论文作者发现ResNet的层数加深了，但感受野没有提高。

get_model_erf.py 绘制模型的有效感受野

import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
warnings.simplefilter('ignore')
import torch, yaml, cv2, os, shutil, sys, glob
import numpy as np
np.random.seed(0)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from tqdm import trange
from PIL import Image
from ultralytics.nn.tasks import attempt_load_weights
from timm.utils import AverageMeter
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams["font.family"] = "Times New Roman"
import seaborn as snsdef get_activation(feat, backbone_idx=-1):def hook(model, inputs, outputs):if backbone_idx != -1:for _ in range(5 - len(outputs)): outputs.insert(0, None)feat.append(outputs[backbone_idx])else:feat.append(outputs)return hookdef letterbox(im, new_shape=(640, 640), color=(114, 114, 114), auto=True, scaleFill=False, scaleup=True, stride=32):# Resize and pad image while meeting stride-multiple constraintsshape = im.shape[:2]  # current shape [height, width]if isinstance(new_shape, int):new_shape = (new_shape, new_shape)# Scale ratio (new / old)r = min(new_shape[0] / shape[0], new_shape[1] / shape[1])if not scaleup:  # only scale down, do not scale up (for better val mAP)r = min(r, 1.0)# Compute paddingratio = r, r  # width, height ratiosnew_unpad = int(round(shape[1] * r)), int(round(shape[0] * r))dw, dh = new_shape[1] - new_unpad[0], new_shape[0] - new_unpad[1]  # wh paddingif auto:  # minimum rectangledw, dh = np.mod(dw, stride), np.mod(dh, stride)  # wh paddingelif scaleFill:  # stretchdw, dh = 0.0, 0.0new_unpad = (new_shape[1], new_shape[0])ratio = new_shape[1] / shape[1], new_shape[0] / shape[0]  # width, height ratiosdw /= 2  # divide padding into 2 sidesdh /= 2if shape[::-1] != new_unpad:  # resizeim = cv2.resize(im, new_unpad, interpolation=cv2.INTER_LINEAR)top, bottom = int(round(dh - 0.1)), int(round(dh + 0.1))left, right = int(round(dw - 0.1)), int(round(dw + 0.1))im = cv2.copyMakeBorder(im, top, bottom, left, right, cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT, value=color)  # add borderreturn im, ratio, (dw, dh)def get_rectangle(data, thresh):h, w = data.shapeall_sum = np.sum(data)for i in range(1, h // 2):selected_area = data[h // 2 - i:h // 2 + 1 + i, w // 2 - i:w // 2 + 1 + i]area_sum = np.sum(selected_area)if area_sum / all_sum > thresh:return i * 2 + 1, (i * 2 + 1) / h * (i * 2 + 1) / wreturn Nonedef heatmap(data, camp='RdYlGn', figsize=(10, 10.75), ax=None, save_path=None):plt.figure(figsize=figsize, dpi=40)ax = sns.heatmap(data,xticklabels=False,yticklabels=False, cmap=camp,center=0, annot=False, ax=ax, cbar=True, annot_kws={"size": 24}, fmt='.2f')plt.tight_layout()plt.savefig(save_path)class yolov8_erf:feature, hooks = [], []def __init__(self, weight, device, layer, dataset, num_images, save_path) -> None:device = torch.device(device)ckpt = torch.load(weight)model = attempt_load_weights(weight, device)model.info()for p in model.parameters():p.requires_grad_(True)model.eval()optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=0, weight_decay=0)meter = AverageMeter()optimizer.zero_grad()if '-' in layer:layer_first, layer_second = layer.split('-')self.hooks.append(model.model[int(layer_first)].register_forward_hook(get_activation(self.feature, backbone_idx=int(layer_second))))else:self.hooks.append(model.model[int(layer)].register_forward_hook(get_activation(self.feature)))self.__dict__.update(locals())def get_input_grad(self, samples):_ = self.model(samples)outputs = self.feature[-1]self.feature.clear()out_size = outputs.size()central_point = torch.nn.functional.relu(outputs[:, :, out_size[2] // 2, out_size[3] // 2]).sum()grad = torch.autograd.grad(central_point, samples)grad = grad[0]grad = torch.nn.functional.relu(grad)aggregated = grad.sum((0, 1))grad_map = aggregated.cpu().numpy()return grad_mapdef process(self):for image_path in os.listdir(self.dataset):if self.meter.count == self.num_images:breakimg = cv2.imread(f'{self.dataset}/{image_path}')img = letterbox(img, auto=False)[0]img = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)img = np.float32(img) / 255.0samples = torch.from_numpy(np.transpose(img, axes=[2, 0, 1])).unsqueeze(0).to(self.device)samples.requires_grad = Trueself.optimizer.zero_grad()contribution_scores = self.get_input_grad(samples)if np.isnan(np.sum(contribution_scores)):print('got NAN, next image')continueelse:print(f'{self.meter.count}/{self.num_images} calculate....')self.meter.update(contribution_scores)#   Set figure parameterslarge = 24; med = 24; small = 24params = {'axes.titlesize': large,'legend.fontsize': med,'figure.figsize': (16, 10),'axes.labelsize': med,'xtick.labelsize': med,'ytick.labelsize': med,'figure.titlesize': large}plt.rcParams.update(params)plt.style.use('seaborn-whitegrid')sns.set_style("white")plt.rc('font', **{'family': 'Times New Roman'})plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = Falsedata = self.meter.avgprint(f'max value:{np.max(data):.3f} min value:{np.min(data):.3f}')data = np.log10(data + 1)       #   the scores differ in magnitude. take the logarithm for better readabilitydata = data / np.max(data)      #   rescale to [0,1] for the comparability among modelsprint('======================= the high-contribution area ratio =====================')for thresh in [0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.99]:side_length, area_ratio = get_rectangle(data, thresh)print('thresh, rectangle side length, area ratio: ', thresh, side_length, area_ratio)heatmap(data, save_path=self.save_path)def get_params():params = {'weight': 'yolo11n.pt',  # 模型权重文件路径（如YOLOv11的.pt文件）'device': 'cuda:0',  # 运行设备（'cuda:0'为GPU，'cpu'为CPU）'layer': '10',  # 要分析的网络层索引（如第10层）'dataset': 'C:/Users\Virgil\Desktop\SOD_Detection/testA_2000images',  # 输入图像文件夹路径（需包含测试图像）'num_images': 50,  # 用于分析的图像数量'save_path': 'ERF_result.png'  # 热图保存路径}return paramsif __name__ == '__main__':cfg = get_params()yolov8_erf(**cfg).process()

结果示例：